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H. Arodź

Publications and source records attributed to H. Arodź.

13 recordsLinked to original sources

Note on $Spin(3,1)$ tensors, the Dirac field and $GL(k, \mathbb{R})$ symmetry

We show that the rank decomposition of a real matrix $r$, which is a $Spin(3,1)$ tensor, leads to $2k$ Majorana bispinors, where $k= rank\: r$. The Majorana bispinors are determined up to local $GL(k, \mathbb{R})$ transformations. The bispinors are combined in pairs to form $k$ complex Dirac fields. We analyze in detail the case $k=1$, in which there is just one Dirac field with the standard Lagrangian. The $GL(1, \mathbb{R})$ symmetry gives rise to a new conserved current, different from the well known $U(1)$ current. The $U(1)$ symmetry is present too. All global continuous internal symmetries in the $k=1$ case form the $SO(2,1)$ group. As a side result, we clarify the discussed in literature issue whether there exist algebraic constraints for the matrix $r$ which would be equivalent to the condition $rank\: r=1$.

hep-th

Relativistic quantum mechanics of the Majorana particle: quaternions, paired plane waves, and orthogonal representations of the Poincaré group

The standard momentum operator $-i \nabla$ can not be accepted as observable in relativistic quantum mechanics of the Majorana particle. Instead, one can use axial momentum operator recently proposed in Phys. Lett. A {\bf383}, 1242 (2019). In the present paper we report several new results related to the axial momentum which elucidate its usability. First, a new motivation for the axial momentum is given, and the Heisenberg uncertainty relation checked. Next, we show that the general solution of time evolution equation in the axial momentum basis has a connection with quaternions. Single traveling plane waves are not possible in the massive case, but there exist solutions which consist of asymmetric pair of plane waves traveling in opposite directions. Finally, pertinent real orthogonal and irreducible representation of the Poincaré group -- consistent with the lack of antiparticle -- is unveiled.

quant-ph

Didactic derivation of the special theory of relativity from the Klein-Gordon equation

We present a didactic derivation of the special theory of relativity in which Lorentz transformations are `discovered' as symmetry transformations of the Klein-Gordon equation. The interpretation of Lorentz boosts as transformations to moving inertial reference frames is not assumed at the start, but it naturally appears at a later stage. The relative velocity $\textbf{v}$ of two inertial reference frames is defined in terms of the elements of the pertinent Lorentz matrix, and the bound $|\textbf{v}| <c\;$ is obtained as a simple theorem that follows from the structure of the Lorentz group. The polar decomposition of Lorentz matrices is used to explain noncommutativity and nonassociativity of the relativistic composition (`addition') of velocities.

physics.class-ph

Spinning Q-balls in the complex signum-Gordon model

Rotational excitations of compact Q-balls in the complex signum-Gordon model in 2+1 dimensions are investigated. We find that almost all such spinning Q-balls have the form of a ring of strictly finite width. In the limit of large angular momentum M_z their energy is proportional to |M_z|^(1/5).

hep-th

Compact Q-balls and Q-shells in a scalar electrodynamics

We investigate spherically symmetric non topological solitons in electrodynamics with a scalar field self interaction U ~|ψ| taken from the complex signum-Gordon model. We find Q-balls for small absolute values of the total electric charge Q, and Q-shells when |Q| is large enough. In both cases the charge density exactly vanishes outside certain compact region in the three dimensional space. The dependence of the total energy E of small Q-balls on the total electric charge has the form E ~ |Q|^(5/6), while in the case of very large Q-shells E ~ |Q|^(7/6).

hep-th

Compact Q-balls in the complex signum-Gordon model

We discuss Q-balls in the complex signum-Gordon model in d-dimensional space for d=1,2,3. The Q-balls have strictly finite radius. Their total energy is a power-like function of the conserved U(1) charge with the exponent equal to (d+2)/(d+3). In the cases d=1 and d=3 explicit analytic solutions are presented.

hep-th

Self-similarity for V-shaped field potentials - further examples

Three new models with V-shaped field potentials $U$ are considered: a complex scalar field $X$ in 1+1 dimensions with $U(X)= |X|$, a real scalar field $Φ$ in 2+1 dimensions with $U(Φ) = |Φ|$, and a real scalar field $ϕ$ in 1+1 dimensions with $U{ϕ) = ϕΘ(ϕ)$ where $Θ$ is the step function. Several explicit, self-similar solutions are found. They describe interesting dynamical processes, for example, `freezing' a string in a static configuration.

hep-th

Signum-Gordon wave equation and its self-similar solutions

We investigate self-similar solutions of evolution equation of a (1+1)-dimensional field model with the V-shaped potential $U(ϕ) = | ϕ|,$ where $ϕ$ is a real scalar field. The equation contains a nonlinear term of the form $sign(ϕ)$, and it possesses a scaling symmetry. It turns out that there are several families of the self-similar solutions with qualitatively different behaviour. We also discuss a rather interesting example of evolution with non self-similar initial data - the corresponding solution contains a self-similar component.

hep-th

Remarks on the n=1/2 disclination line in Landau-de Gennes theory of nematic liquid crystals

Using Landau-de Gennes effective theory for nematic liquid crystals we analyse the structure of rectilinear n=1/2 smooth disclination line in the case of equal elastic constants. We find that at certain temperature there is an exact mathematical correspondence with a rectilinear vortex in superfluid $^4He$. With a help of polynomial approximation difference of free energies of the smooth and of a singular disclination lines is estimated. It turns out that the smooth disclination line is energetically preferred only if temperature is low enough. At higher temperatures a disordered core should be expected.

cond-mat.soft

Effective Lagrangian for SU(3)_c gluodynamics from lattice color dielectrics

Small momenta limit of the lattice color dielectric model in the SU(3)_c case is considered. We show that in that limit the model involves a coarse-grained gluon field, a color singlet "bleached gluon" field, and both color singlet and octet rank two symmetric tensor fields constructed from the first order derivatives of a vector field. In contradistinction from other approaches we do not obtain scalar color dielectric fields directly, but they can be introduced as traces of the tensor fields.

hep-ph