Searcharxiv⌕ Search

arXiv subjects

H. Arp

Publications and source records attributed to H. Arp.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
arXiv2008

The 2dF Redshift Survey II: UGC 8584 - Redshift Periodicity and Rings

UGC 8584 was selected by a computer program as having a number of quasars around it that obeyed the Karlsson periodicity in its reference frame. On closer examination 9 of the nearest 10 quasars turned out to be extremely close to the predicted values. Also it turned out that UGC 8584 was a disturbed triple galaxy and a strong triple radio source as well as being a strong millimeter and infrared source. Evidence for present ejection velocities of $z_v \sim .01$ for the associated quasars is present and some pairing of ejections is noted. A new and important result emerges from this sample of galaxy/quasar families, namely that rings and shells of galaxies and quasars tend to surround galaxies which have active nuclei. Test cases suggest obscuration of the background around these galaxies out to about 20' or beyond. Because incidents of strong reddening are not observed, obscuring particles are suggested to be large compared to optical wavelengths. In principle, material ejected with the quasars could be of sizes of gravel or larger.

astro-ph↗
arXiv2008

A Cluster of High Redshift Quasars with Apparent Diameter 2.3 Degrees

During analysis of the relation of quasars to galaxies in the 2dF deep field a concentration of quasars was noted. Most striking was the closeness in redshift of 14 quasars about the mean redshift z = 2.149 with a range of $\pm 0.018$. The cluster in spite of its high redshift subtends an area of diameter more than 2.3 degrees on the sky. At conventional redshift distance its diameter would be 181 mega parsecs and the back should be receding with about $10,000 km/s$ with respect to the front.

astro-ph↗
arXiv2007

Dark Energy and the Hubble Constant

Dark energy is inferred from a Hubble expansion which is slower at epochs which are earlier than ours. But evidence reviewed here shows $H_0$ for nearby galaxies is actually less than currently adopted and would instead require {\it deceleration} to reach the current value. Distances of Cepheid variables in galaxies in the Local Supercluster have been measured by the Hubble Space Telescope and it is argued here that they require a low value of $H_0$ along with redshifts which are at least partly intrinsic. The intrinsic component is hypothesized to be a result of the particle masses increasing with time. The same considerations apply to Dark Matter. But with particle masses growing with time, the condensation from plasmoid to proto galaxy not only does away with the need for unseen ``dark matter'' but also explains the intrinsic (non-velocity) redshifts of younger matter.

astro-ph↗
arXiv2007

Quasars and the Hubble Relation

If active galaxies are defined as extragalactic objects with appreciably non thermal spectra then a continuity exists in redshift from the highest redshift quasars to low redshift Seyferts, AGNs and allied galaxies. Evidence is discussed for this sequence to be an evolutionary track with objects evolving from high to low intrinsic redshift with time. At the end of this evolution the objects are nearly the same age as our own galaxy and they come to rest on the traditional Hubble relation.

astro-ph↗
arXiv2007

How certain is the distance to the most luminous supernova?

A recent supernova has been reported as exceeding ``the light output of an ordinary supernova by at least two orders of magnitude''. It is noted that it falls in a minor galaxy in the Perseus Cluster. Some evidence indicating a ten times closer distance for the Perseus Cluster than its redshift distance is discussed here.

astro-ph↗
arXiv2007

M31 and Local Group QSO's

Previous analyses have shown companion galaxies aligned along the minor axis of M31. The alignment includes some galaxies of higher redshift than conventionally accepted for Local Group members. Here we look at the distribution of all high redshift objects listed in a 10 x 10 deg. area around M31. We find not only galaxies of higher redshift but also quasars along the minor axis of this brightest Local Group galaxy, Some are an unusual class of low z, quasar-galaxy. Previously observers had noted radio sources aligned along the minor axis of M31. The ejection directions of quasars from active galaxy nuclei is also along the minor axis within a cone of about 20 deg. opening angle. It is shown here that the quasar-like and higher redshift objects associated with M31 are relatively concentrated along this axis. M33 also falls closely along the minor axis of M31 and the famous 3C48 and similar redshift galaxy/quasars are seen along a line coming from this Local Group companion of M31. What appears to be dusty nebulosity has also been shown to exist along this extended line in the sky.

astro-ph↗
arXiv2007

A concentration of quasars around the jet galaxy NGC1097

A quasar search in the region of the active galaxy NGC 1097 yielded 31 quasars in 1984. After completion of the 2dF survey in 2004 the number of catalogued quasars just within 1 degree of the galaxy increased to 142. About 38 $\pm$ 10 of these are in excess of average background values. The evidence in 1984 is confirmed here by an increasing density of quasars as one approaches NGC 1097. Quasars within 1 degree differ from the background by being significantly brighter. There also appear two elliptical rings or arcs of quasars at r $\sim$ 20'and 40'.

astro-ph↗
arXiv2006

Quasars and Galaxy Clusters Paired Across NGC 4410

The aim is to investigate the region of the sky around NGC4410/Mrk1325 for objects which are physically associated with this active, double nucleus galaxy. We use archived data to study the placement, brightness, X-ray properties and redshifts of objects within 60' of the bright, central galaxy. It is found that pairs of quasars are aligned across NGC 4410 which, if ejected from it, have equal and opposite ejection velocities and fall very close to the quantized Karlsson redshift peaks for quasars. X-ray sources and Abell galaxy clusters at higher redshifts appear elongated along directions away from NGC4410.

astro-ph↗
arXiv2005

A Galaxy Cluster Near NGC 720

The galaxy cluster RXJ 0152.7-1357 is emitting X-rays at the high rate of 148 counts $ks^{-1}$. It would be one of the most luminous X-ray clusters known if it is at its redshift distance of z = .8325. It is conspicuously elongated, however, toward the bright, X-ray active galaxy NGC 720 about 14 arcmin away. At the same distance on the other side of NGC 720, and almost perfectly aligned, is an X-ray BSO of 5.8 cts/ks. It is reported here that the redshift of this quasar is z = .8312.

astro-ph↗
arXiv2005

X-ray Bright QSO's around NGC 3079

NGC 3079 is a very active, disturbed galaxy which has been observed to have X-ray and radio ejections from it as well as an optical superbubble along its minor axis. Here we show that the brightest X-ray sources within about 40 arcmin are in large excess of background values. The X-ray sources are identified as quasars and AGN's which are aligned and spaced across the Seyfert nucleus to a degree which is unlikely to be due to chance. The famous double quasar which has been interpreted as a gravitational lens is discussed in terms of the the X - ray and ULX sources which appear associated with NGC 3079.

astro-ph↗
arXiv2005

Periodicities of Quasar Redshifts in Large Area Surveys

We test the periodicity of quasar redshifts in the 2dF and SDSS surveys. In the overall surveys redshift peaks are already apparent in the brighter quasars. But by analyzing sample areas in detail it is shown that the redshifts fit very closely the long standing Karlssson formula and strongly suggest the existence of preferred values in the distribution of quasar redshifts. We introduce a powerful new test for groups of quasars of differing redshifts which not only demonstrates the periodicity of the redshifts, but also their physical association with a parent galaxy. Further such analyses of the large area surveys should produce more information on the properties of the periodicity.

astro-ph↗
arXiv2004

The Discovery of a High Redshift X-ray Emitting QSO Very Close to the Nucleus of NGC 7319

A strong X-ray source only 8" from the nucleus of the Sy2 galaxy NGC 7319 in Stephan's Quintet has been discovered by Chandra. We have identified the optical counterpart and show it is a QSO with $z_e = 2.114$. It is also a ULX with $L_x = 1.5 x 10^{40} erg sec^{-1}$. From the optical spectra of the QSO and interstellar gas in the galaxy (z = .022) we show that it is very likely that the QSO and the gas are interacting.

astro-ph↗
arXiv2004

New optical spectra and general discussion on the nature of ULX's

We present spectroscopic observations of three Ultra Luminous X-ray sources (ULX's). Two of them are very close to the active galaxy NGC 720 and the other is near NGC 1073. The two around NGC 720 turn out to be quasars at z=0.964 and z= 2.216, the one near NGC 1073 seems to be associated to an HII region at the redshift of NGC 1073. We concentrate our analysis on the two quasars and analyze them in conjunction with a set of 20 additional X-ray sources close to nearby galaxies which also fit the criteria of ULX's and which also have been identified as quasars of medium to high redshift. This sample shows an unusually large fraction of rare BL Lac type objects. The high redshifts of these ULX's and their close proximity to their low redshift, supposedly parent galaxies is a surprising result in the light of standard models. We describe the main properties of each of these objects and their parent galaxy, and briefly discuss possible interpretations.

astro-ph↗
arXiv2004

The double radio source 3C343.1: A galaxy-QSO pair with very different redshifts

The strong radio source 3C343.1 consists of a galaxy and a QSO separated by no more than about 0.25 arcsec. The chance of this being an accidental superposition is conservatively 10^-8. The z=0.344 galaxy is connected to the z=0.750 QSO by a radio bridge. The numerical relation between the two redshifts is that predicted from previous associations. This pair is an extreme example of many similar physical associations of QSOs and galaxies with very different redshifts.

astro-ph↗
arXiv2003

Alignment of radio emission and quasars across NGC 613 and NGC 936 and radio ejection from NGC 941

NGC 613 (AM 0132-294) is a multi armed spiral with an active nucleus. Radio emission is aligned along the narrow inner bar of the spiral and appears to include inner and outer pairs of radio sources which define a line of ejection from this nucleus. Four high redshift quasars from the 2dF survey fall further out along this same line. The redshifts of these four, plus two others in this general direction, are close to the peak values in the periodic redshift distribution of quasars. In separation, redshifts and other properties there is an almost exact duplicate of NGC 613 in the pair of z ~ 2 quasars paired across the radio ejecting, barred galaxy NGC 936.NGC 941, a companion to NGC 936, has a quasar apparently connected to it by a radio bridge which shows structure at high resolution.One of the pair across NGC 936, a strong Parks quasar, is also accurately aligned with another strong Parks quasar further away. Possible relationships between other quasars and low redshift galaxies in a broader region around NGC 936 are discussed.

astro-ph↗
arXiv2002

NGC 3628: Ejection Activity Associated with Quasars

NGC3628 is a well-studied starburst/low level AGN galaxy in the Leo Triplet noted for its extensive outgassed plumes of neutral hydrogen. QSOs are shown to be concentrated around NGC3628 and aligned with the HI plumes. The closest high redshift quasar has z=2.15 and is at the tip of an X-ray filament emerging along the minor axis HI plume. Location at this point has an accidental probability of ~2x10^-4. In addition a coincident chain of optical objects coming out along the minor axis ends on this quasar. More recent measures on a pair of strong X-ray sources situated at 3.2 and 5.4 arcmin on either side of NGC3628 along its minor axis, reveal that they have nearly identical redshifts of z=0.995 and 0.981. The closer quasar lies directly in the same X-ray filament which extends from the nucleus out 4.1 arcmin to end on the quasar of z=2.15. The chain of objects SW along the minor axis of NGC3628 has been imaged in four colors with the VLT. Images and spectra of individual objects within the filament are reported. It is suggested that material in various physical states and differing intrinsic redshifts is ejected out along the minor axis of this active, disturbed galaxy.

astro-ph↗
arXiv2001

A possible X-ray jet from the starburst galaxy NGC6217

Deep ROSAT PSPC and HRI observations of the nuclear starburst, UV flat spectrum spiral NGC6217 reveal a jet-like X-ray filament extending out 2.7' (18.8 kpc) to the SW of the galaxy. Radio images of NGC6217 show an extent in the same direction, giving further evidence for a one-sided X-ray jet interpretation of this feature. It's X-ray spectrum is harder than that of NGC6217 and the luminosity in the 0.5-2.0 keV band ~1.7 E39 erg\s. We compare our findings to parameters of other X-ray jets from other active galaxies. We also give positions of a total of 91 X-ray sources detected in the field to a limiting 0.5-2.0 keV flux of ~2.2E-15 erg\cm**2\s and propose optical and radio identifications. Some of these sources have been identified in the RIXOS program.

astro-ph↗