arXiv subjects

H. Backe

Publications and source records attributed to H. Backe.

13 recordsLinked to original sources

arXiv2024

Planar channeling of 855 MeV electrons in a boron-doped (110) diamond undulator -- a case study

A 4-period diamond undulator with a thickness of 20 $\mu$m was produced with the method of Chemical Vapour Deposition (CVD), applying boron doping, on a straight diamond crystal with an effective thickness of 165.5 $\mu$m. A planar (110) channeling experiment was performed with the 855 MeV electron beam of the Mainz Microtron MAMI accelerator facility to observe the expected undulator peak. The search was guided by simulation calculations on a personal computer. The code is based on the continuum potential picture, and a classical electrodynamic expression which involves explicitly the acceleration of the particle. As a result, an unexpected optimal observation angle was figured out, for which the undulator peak is strongest and the channeling radiation from the backing crystal being significantly suppressed. However, an undulator peak was not observed. Implications for the prepared undulator structure are discussed. Scatter distributions were measured for a 75 $\mu$m Kapton, a 25 $\mu$m aluminum foils, and a 70.7 $\mu$m diamond plate in random orientation. The results were compared with Moli\`ere's scatter theory for amorphous medii. Very good agreement was found for Kapton and aluminum while for diamond the experimental width is 21\% smaller. This reduction is interpreted as coherent scattering suppression in single crystals. At tilted injection of the beam with respect to the (110) plane a clear asymmetry was observed which resembles partial beam deflection. We interpret this phenomenon heuristically as re-channeling.

physics.acc-ph↗

arXiv2024

Observation of Fine Structure in Channeling of Particles in Bent Crystals

We observed highly efficient manipulation of the 530 MeV positron beam at Mainz Microtron via bent crystals. The low beam divergence revealed a fine structure in the angular distribution of channeled particles. A compact analytical model, supported by Monte Carlo including multiple scattering, accounts for the measurements. We established a criterion for designing a crystal with reduced angular spread of channeled particles for beam manipulation at any energy. This finding is particularly useful in view of applications of channeling to the highest energies.

physics.acc-ph↗

arXiv2022

Design study for a 500 MeV positron beam at the Mainz Microtron MAMI

A design study has been performed for a positron beam with an energy of 500 MeV to be realized at the applied physics area of the Mainz Microtron MAMI. Positrons will be created after pair conversion of bremsstrahlung, produced by the 855 MeV electron beam af MAMI in a tungsten converter target. From the two conceivable geometries (i) pair conversion in the bremsstrahlung converter target itself, and (ii) bremsstrahlung pair conversion in a separated lead foil, the former was considered in detail. Positrons will be energy selected within an outside open electron beam-line bending magnet, and bent back by an additional sector magnet. Magnetic focusing elements in between are designed to prepare in a well shielded positron target chamber about 6 m away from the target a beam with horizontal and vertical emittances of epsilon_v = 0.055 pi mm mrad (1 sigma), and epsilon_h = 0.12 pi mm mrad (1 sigma), respectively, for a 10 micro m thick amorphous tungsten target and negligible momentum spread. At an accepted positron band width of 1 MeV, spots are expected vertically with an angular spread of 0.064 mrad and a size of 5.0 mm (FWHM), and horizontally with an angular spread of 0.64 mrad and a size of 7.7 mm (FWHM). The positron yield amounts to 13.1 per second, 1 MeV positron energy band width, and 1 nA electron beam current.

physics.acc-ph↗

arXiv2022

Beam steering with quasi-mosaic bent silicon single crystals -- Computer simulations for 855 MeV and 6.3 GeV electrons and comparison with experiments

Monte Carlo simulations have been performed for 855 MeV and 6.3 GeV electrons channeling in silicon single crystals at circular bent (111) planes. The aim was to identify critical experimental parameters which effect the volume-deflection and volume-capture characteristics. To these belongs the angular alignment of the crystal with respect to the nominal beam direction. The continuum potential picture has been utilized. The simulation results were compared with experiments. It turns out that the assumption of an anticlastic bending of the crystal, bent on the principle of the quasi-mosaic effect, is not required to reproduce the experimental observations.

physics.acc-ph↗

arXiv2022

De-channeling in terms of instantaneous transition rates -- Computer simulations for 855 MeV electrons at (110) planes of diamond

Monte-Carlo simulation calculation have been performed for 855 MeV electrons channeling in (110) planes of a diamond single crystal. The continuum potential picture has been utilized. Both, the transverse potential and the angular distributions of the scattered electrons at screened atoms are based on the Doyle-Turner scattering factors which were extrapolated with the functional dependence of the Molière representation to large momentum transfers. Scattering cross-sections at bound electrons have been derived for energies less than 30 keV from the double differential cross-section as function of both, energy and momentum transfer, taking into account also longitudinal and transverse excitations. For energies above 30 keV the Møller cross-section is used. The dynamics of the particle in the continuum transverse potential has been described classically. Results of the channeling process are presented in terms of instantaneous transition rates as function of the penetration depth, indicating that channeling can be described by a single exponential function only after the equilibration phase has been reached after about 15 $μ$m. As a byproduct, improved drift and diffusion coefficients entering the Fokker-Planck equation have been derived with which its predictive power can be improved.

physics.comp-ph↗

arXiv2020

Electron channeling experiments with bent silicon single crystals -- a reanalysis based on a modified Fokker-Planck equation

A surprising small dechanneling length was observed at (111) channeling of ultrarelativistic electrons in a 60 $μ$m thick silicon single crystal with a bending radius of 0.15 m. The experiments were conducted at beam energies between 3.35 and 14 GeV at the Facility for Advanced Accelerator Experimental Tests (FACET at SLAC, USA). It is shown in this paper that the small dechanneling lengths can well be reproduced with a modified Fokker-Planck equation for plane crystals in which a crystal bending has been heuristically introduced. Encouraged by this result experiments have been reconsidered which were performed at the Mainz Microtron MAMI with (110) silicon undulator crystals. The results obtained with the modified Fokker-Planck equation suggest that the observed rather low undulator peak intensity originates from the strongly reduced dechanneling length of electrons in the bent sections of the undulator. A scaling law derived on the basis of the modified Fokker-Planck equation reveals optimized parameters of electron based undulators as possible radiation sources in the $X$- and $γ$-ray region.

physics.acc-ph↗

arXiv2020

Channeling experiments at planar diamond and silicon single crystals with electrons from the Mainz Microtron MAMI

Line structures were observed for (110) planar channeling of electrons in a diamond single crystal even at a beam energy of 180 MeV. This observation motivated us to initiate dechanneling length measurements as function of the beam energy since the occupation of quantum states in the channeling potential is expected to enhance the dechanneling length. High energy loss signals, generated as a result of emission of a bremsstrahlung photon with about half the beam energy at channeling of 450 and 855 MeV electrons, were measured as function of the crystal thickness. The analysis required additional assumptions which were extracted from the numerical solution of the Fokker-Planck equation. Preliminary results for diamond are presented. In addition, we reanalyzed dechanneling length measurements at silicon single crystals performed previously at the Mainz Microtron MAMI at beam energies between 195 and 855 MeV from which we conclude that the quality of our experimental data set is not sufficient to derive definite conclusions on the dechanneling length. Our experimental results are below the predictions of the Fokker-Planck equation and somewhat above the results of simulation calculations of A. V. Korol and A. V. Solov'yov et al. on the basis of the MBN Explorer simulation package. We somehow conservatively conclude that the prediction of the asymptotic dechanneling length on the basis of the Fokker-Planck equation represents an upper limit.

physics.acc-ph↗

arXiv2015

Comments on the radial distribution of charged particles in a magnetic field

Magnetic guiding fields in combination with energy dispersive semiconductor detectors have been employed already more than 50 years ago for in-beam internal conversion electron spectroscopy. Even then it was recognized that efficiency modulations may appear as function of the electron energy, arising when electrons hit a baffle or miss the sensitive area of the detector. Current high precision beta decay experiments of polarized neutrons with conceptional similar experimental devices resulted in a detailed study of the point spread function (PSF). The latter describes the radial probability distribution of mono-energetic electrons at the detector plane. Singularities occur as function of the radial detector coordinate which have been investigated and discussed by Sjue at al. (Rev. Scient. Instr. 86, 023102 (2015)), and Dubbers (arXiv:1501.05131v1 [physics.ins-det]). In this comment a rather precise numerical representation of the PSF is presented and compared with approximations in the mentioned papers.

physics.ins-det↗

arXiv2009

Characterization and Tuning of Ultra High Gradient Permanent Magnet Quadrupoles

The application of quadrupole-devices with high field gradients and small apertures requires precise control over higher order multipole field components. We present a new scheme for performance control and tuning, which allows the illumination of most of the quadrupole-device aperture because of the reduction of higher order field components. Consequently, the size of the aperture can be minimized to match the beam size achieving field gradients of up to 500 T/m at good imaging quality. The characterization method based on a Hall probe measurement and a Fourier analysis was confirmed using the high quality electron beam at the Mainz Microtron MAMI.

physics.ins-det↗

arXiv2007

Precision Spectroscopy at Heavy Ion Ring Accelerator SIS300

Unique spectroscopic possibilities open up if a laser beam interacts with relativistic lithium-like ions stored in the heavy ion ring accelerator SIS300 at the future Facility for Antiproton and Ion Research FAIR in Darmstadt, Germany. At a relativistic factor gamma = 36 the 2P 1/2 level can be excited from the 2S 1/2 ground state for any element with frequency doubled dye-lasers in collinear geometry. Precise transition energy measurements can be performed if the fluorescence photons, boosted in forward direction into the X-ray region, are energetically analyzed with a single crystal monochromator. The hyperfine structure can be investigated at the 2P 1/2 - 2S 1/2 transition for all elements and at the 2P 3/2 - 2S 1/2 transition for elements with Z < 50. Isotope shifts and nuclear moments can be measured with unprecedented precision, in principle even for only a few stored radioactive species with known nuclear spin. A superior relative line width in the order of 5E-7 may be feasible after laser cooling, and even polarized external beams may be prepared by optical pumping.

physics.atom-ph↗

arXiv2006

Design considerations for table-top, laser-based VUV and X-ray free electron lasers

A recent breakthrough in laser-plasma accelerators, based upon ultrashort high-intensity lasers, demonstrated the generation of quasi-monoenergetic GeV-electrons. With future Petawatt lasers ultra-high beam currents of ~100 kA in ~10 fs can be expected, allowing for drastic reduction in the undulator length of free-electron-lasers (FELs). We present a discussion of the key aspects of a table-top FEL design, including energy loss and chirps induced by space-charge and wakefields. These effects become important for an optimized table-top FEL operation. A first proof-of-principle VUV case is considered as well as a table-top X-ray-FEL which may open a brilliant light source also for new ways in clinical diagnostics.

physics.acc-ph↗

arXiv2006

Forward Diffracted Parametric X Radiation From a Thick Tungsten Single Crystal at 855 MeV Electron Energy

Features of forward diffracted Parametric X-Radiation (PXR) were investigated at experiments with the 855 MeV electron beam of the Mainz Microtron MAMI employing a 410 micrometer thick tungsten single crystal. Virtual photons from the electron field are diffracted by the (10-1) plane at a Bragg angle of 3.977 degree. Forward emitted radiation was analyzed at an energy of 40 keV with the (111) lattice planes of a flat silicon single crystal in Bragg geometry. Clear peak structures were observed in an angular scan of the tungsten single crystal. The results were analyzed with a model which describes forward diffracted PXR under real experimental conditions. The experiments show that forward diffracted PXR may be employed to diagnose bending radii of lattice planes in large area single crystals.

physics.acc-ph↗

arXiv1998

First experiments with a 100 period superconductive undulator with a period length of 3.8 mm

A prototype of a novel superconductive undulator with a period length of 3.8 mm is described. The undulator is 100 periods long. In the first tests described in this paper the undulator was cooled in a helium bath and it was shown that it can be operated as expected with a maximum current of 1400 A. Afterwards the undulator field was measured with a miniature Hall probe with an active area of (100x100)x10^-6 m^2. Calculated and measured field distributions are in good agreement. A cryostat for a beam test at Mainz microtron MAMI was built in which liquid helium cools indirectly the in-vacuum undulator. At the moment the cryostat is tested and optimized.

physics.acc-ph↗