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H. Herndl

Publications and source records attributed to H. Herndl.

14 recordsLinked to original sources

Reaction rates for Neutron Capture Reactions to C-, N- and O-isotopes to the neutron rich side of stability

The reaction rates of neutron capture reactions on light nuclei are important for reliably simulating nucleosynthesis in a variety of stellar scenarios. Neutron capture reaction rates on neutron-rich C-, N-, and O-isotopes are calculated in the framework of a hybrid compound and direct capture model. The results are tabulated and compared with the results of previous calculations as well as with experimental results.

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Thermonuclear Reaction Rate of 23Mg(p,gamma)24$Al

Updated stellar rates for the reaction 23Mg(p,gamma)24Al are calculated by using all available experimental information on 24Al excitation energies. Proton and gamma-ray partial widths for astrophysically important resonances are derived from shell model calculations. Correspondences of experimentally observed 24Al levels with shell model states are based on application of the isobaric multiplet mass equation. Our new rates suggest that the 23Mg(p,gamma)24Al reaction influences the nucleosynthesis in the mass A>20 region during thermonuclear runaways on massive white dwarfs.

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Analysis of the thermal cross section of the capture reaction 13C(n,gamma)14C

We investigate the thermal cross section of the reaction 13C(n,gamma)14}C which takes place in the helium burning zones of red giant star as well as in the nucleosynthesis of Inhomogeneous Big Bang models. We find that we can reproduce the experimentally known thermal capture cross section only if we take into account a strong hindrance of the E1 transition in the nuclear interior. This effect can be explained by the strong coupling to the giant dipole resonance.

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Measurement and analysis of neutron capture reaction rates of light neutron-rich nuclei

Several neutron capture cross sections of light neutron-rich nuclei were measured in the astrophysically relevant energy region of 5 to 200 keV. The experimental data are compared to calculations using the direct capture model. The results are used for the calculation of neutron capture cross sections of unstable isotopes. Furthermore, neutron sources with energies below E_n \approx 10 keV are discussed.

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Spectroscopic factors for bound s-wave states derived from neutron scattering lengths

A simple and model-independent method is described to derive neutron single-particle spectroscopic factors of bound s-wave states in $^{A+1}Z = ^{A}Z \otimes n$ nuclei from neutron scattering lengths. Spectroscopic factors for the nuclei ^{13}C, ^{14}C, ^{16}N, ^{17}O, ^{19}O, ^{23}Ne, ^{37}Ar, and ^{41}Ar are compared to results derived from transfer experiments using the well-known DWBA analysis and to shell model calculations. The scattering length of ^{14}C is calculated from the ^{15}C_{g.s.} spectroscopic factor.

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Reaction Rates of neutron capture by Li- and Be-isotopes

Neutron capture by neutron-rich Li- and Be-isotopes plays a role in big--bang nucleosynthesis, especially in its inhomogeneous version and in the $α$--process occurring in supernovae. New reaction rates for $^{7,8}$Li(n,$γ$)$^{8,9}$Li and $^{9,10,11}$Be(n,$γ$)$^{10,11,12}$Be have been consistently calculated using direct capture for the nonresonant part and the Breit-Wigner formula for the resonant part. The spectroscopic factors, spin/parity assignments and excitation energies of the final bound and initial resonant states have been taken from existing experimental data whenever possible. For unstable nuclei where this information is not experimentally available the shell model was used to determine these quantities.

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Neutron-induced nucleosynthesis

Neutron--induced nucleosynthesis plays an important role in astrophysical scenarios like in primordial nucleosynthesis in the early universe, in the s--process occurring in Red Giants, and in the $α$--rich freeze--out and r--process taking place in supernovae of type II. A review of the three important aspects of neutron--induced nucleosynthesis is given: astrophysical background, experimental methods and theoretical models for determining reaction cross sections and reaction rates at thermonuclear energies. Three specific examples of neutron capture at thermal and thermonuclear energies are discussed in some detail.

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Measurement of neutron capture on $^{48}$Ca at thermal and thermonuclear energies

At the Karlsruhe pulsed 3.75\,MV Van de Graaff accelerator the thermonuclear $^{48}$Ca(n,$γ$)$^{49}$Ca(8.72\,min) cross section was measured by the fast cyclic activation technique via the 3084.5\,keV $γ$-ray line of the $^{49}$Ca-decay. Samples of CaCO$_3$ enriched in $^{48}$Ca by 77.87\,\% were irradiated between two gold foils which served as capture standards. The capture cross-section was measured at the neutron energies 25, 151, 176, and 218\,keV, respectively. Additionally, the thermal capture cross-section was measured at the reactor BR1 in Mol, Belgium, via the prompt and decay $γ$-ray lines using the same target material. The $^{48}$Ca(n,$γ$)$^{49}$Ca cross-section in the thermonuclear and thermal energy range has been calculated using the direct-capture model combined with folding potentials. The potential strengths are adjusted to the scattering length and the binding energies of the final states in $^{49}$Ca. The small coherent elastic cross section of $^{48}$Ca+n is explained through the nuclear Ramsauer effect. Spectroscopic factors of $^{49}$Ca have been extracted from the thermal capture cross-section with better accuracy than from a recent (d,p) experiment. Within the uncertainties both results are in agreement. The non-resonant thermal and thermonuclear experimental data for this reaction can be reproduced using the direct-capture model. A possible interference with a resonant contribution is discussed. The neutron spectroscopic factors of $^{49}$Ca determined from shell-model calculations are compared with the values extracted from the experimental cross sections for $^{48}$Ca(d,p)$^{49}$Ca and $^{48}$Ca(n,$γ$)$^{49}$Ca.

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Reaction rate for two--neutron capture by $^4$He

Recent investigations suggest that the neutrino--heated hot bubble between the nascent neutron star and the overlying stellar mantle of a type--II supernova may be the site of the r--process. In the preceding $α$--process building up the elements to $A \approx 100$, the $^4$He(2n,$γ$)$^6$He-- and $^6$He($α$,n)$^9$Be--reactions bridging the instability gap at $A=5$ and $A=8$ could be of relevance. We suggest a mechanism for $^4$He(2n,$γ$)$^6$He and calculate the reaction rate within the $α$+n+n approach. The value obtained is about a factor 1.6 smaller than the one obtained recently in the simpler direct--capture model, but is at least three order of magnitude enhanced compared to the previously adopted value. Our calculation confirms the result of the direct--capture calculation that under representative conditions in the $α$--process the reaction path proceeding through $^6$He is negligible compared to $^4$He($α$n,$γ$)$^9$Be.

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Cross section of $^{36}S(n,γ)^{37}S$

At the Karlsruhe pulsed 3.75 MV Van de Graaff accelerator the $^{36}S(n,γ)^{37}S(5.05 min)$ cross section was measured by the fast cyclic activation technique via the 3.103 MeV $γ$-ray line of the $^{37}$S-decay. Samples of elemental sulfur enriched in $^{36}$S by 5.933 % were irradiated between two gold foils which served as capture standards. The capture cross section was measured at the neutron energies 25, 151, 176, and 218 keV, respectively. The $^{36}S(n,γ)^{37}S$-cross section in the thermonuclear and thermal energy range has been calculated using the direct-capture (DC) model combined with the folding procedure used for the determination of the potentials. The non-resonant experimental data for this reaction can be reproduced excellently using this method. The input parameters of the DC-calculation (masses, Q-values, nuclear density distributions, spectroscopic factors, spin-parity assignments and excitation energies of the low-lying states of the residual nucleus) have been taken from the available experimental data.

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Nuclear Reactions of Astrophysical Interest Involving Light Nuclei

An introduction to nucleosynthesis, the creation of the elements in the big bang, in interstellar matter and in stars is given. The two--step process $^4$He(2n,$γ$)$^6$He and the reverse photodisintegration $^6$He($γ$,2n)$^4$He involving the halo nucleus $^6$He could be of importance in the $α$--process in type--II supernovae. The reaction rates for the above processes are calculated using three--body methods and show an enhancement of more than three orders of magnitude compared to the previous adopted value. Direct--capture calculations give similar values for the above reaction rates. Therefore, this method was also used to calculate the reaction rates of the two--step processes $^6$He(2n,$γ$)$^8$He and $^9$Li(2n,$γ$)$^{11}$Li and the reverse photodisintegration of $^8$He and $^{11}$Li that could be also of importance in the $α$-process.

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Spectroscopic Amplitudes for One--Nucleon Transfer Between 1p0f--Shell Nuclei

Spectroscopic amplitudes are calculated for one--nucleon transfer between low--lying, normal--parity states of nuclei in the lower part of the 1p$0\,$f--shell. Calculations are performed using shell--model wave functions obtained from the diagonalization procedure of a nuclear Hamiltonian in the space given by the complete set of states generated from the 1p$_{3/2}$, 1p$_{1/2}$, $0\,$f$_{7/2}$ and $0\,$f$_{5/2}$ orbits. The Hamiltonian contains one and two body interactions derived recently by Richter \etal. Sum rules for one--nucleon pick--up and stripping reactions are given. The selectivity in excitation of the final states induced by one--nucleon pick--up or stripping is discussed.

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