The JEM-EUSO Mission: Status and Prospects in 2011
Contributions of the JEM-EUSO Collaboration to the 32nd International Cosmic Ray Conference, Beijing, August, 2011.
astro-ph.IM↗
arXiv subjects
H. Ikeda
Publications and source records attributed to H. Ikeda.
Abrupt change in the energy gap of superconducting Ba1-xKxFe2As2 single crystals with hole doping
We performed a Laser angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES) study on a wide doping range of Ba1-xKxFe2As2 (BaK) and precisely determined the doping evolution of the superconducting (SC) gaps in this compound. The gap size of the outer hole Fermi surface (FS) sheet around the Brillioun zone (BZ) center shows an abrupt drop with overdoping (for x > 0.6) while the inner and middle FS gaps roughly scale with Tc. This is accompanied by the simultaneous disappearance of the electron FS sheet with similar orbital character at the BZ corner. These results browse the different contributions of X2-Y2 and XZ/YZ orbitals to superconductivity in BaK and can be hardly completely reproduced by the available theories on iron-based superconductors.
cond-mat.supr-con↗
Metamagnetic Behavior and Kondo Breakdown in Heavy-Fermion CeFePO
We report that nonmagnetic heavy-fermion (HF) iron oxypnictide CeFePO with two-dimensional XY-type anisotropy shows a metamagnetic behavior at the metamagnetic field H_M \simeq 4 T perpendicular to the c-axis and that a critical behavior is observed around H_M. Although the magnetic character is entirely different from that in other Ce-based HF metamagnets, H_M in these metamagnets is linearly proportional to the inverse of the effective mass, or to the temperature where the susceptibility shows a peak. This finding suggests that H_M is a magnetic field breaking the local Kondo singlet, and the critical behavior around H_M is driven by the Kondo breakdown accompanied by the Fermi-surface instability.
cond-mat.str-el↗
Contrasts in electron correlations and inelastic scattering between LiFeAs and LiFeP revealed by charge transport
By using high-quality single crystals, we quantitatively compare the transport properties between LiFeAs and LiFeP superconductors with compensated electron and hole carriers. The low-temperature resistivity follows the Fermi-liquid $AT^2$ dependence with a factor of $\sim 3$ difference in the coefficient $A$. This highlights weaker electron correlations in LiFeP, which is consistent with its $\sim 70$ times lower upper critical field than that of LiFeAs. Our analysis of the magneto-transport data indicates that in LiFeP the electron carriers with lighter masses exhibit stronger temperature dependence of inelastic scattering rate than the holes, which is the opposite to the LiFeAs case. This stark difference in the band-dependent inelastic scattering may be relevant to the recently reported contrasting superconducting gap structures in these two superconductors.
cond-mat.supr-con↗
Fermi-Suface Evolution by Transition-metal Substitution in the Iron-based Superconductor LaFeAsO
We study how Co- and Ni-substitution affect the electronic structure of the iron-based superconductor, LaFeAsO. We perform {\it ab initio} supercell calculations and unfold the first Brillouin zone (BZ) to calculate the spectral function in the BZ for the normal cell. The charge density distribution in real space shows that doped extra electrons are trapped around Co (Ni) atom. This seems to mean that Co(Ni)-substitution does not work as carrier doping. However, the present momentum-space analysis indicates that the Fermi-surface volume indeed expands by substitutions, which can be well described by the rigid-band shift. By taking into account this effective doping, we discuss whether the sign-reversing s-wave ($s_{\pm}$-wave) scenario is compatible with experiments.
cond-mat.supr-con↗
Extremely strong coupling superconductivity in artificial two-dimensional Kondo lattices
When interacting electrons are confined to low-dimensions, the electron-electron correlation effect is enhanced dramatically, which often drives the system into exhibiting behaviors that are otherwise highly improbable. Superconductivity with the strongest electron correlations is achieved in heavy-fermion compounds, which contain a dense lattice of localized magnetic moments interacting with a sea of conduction electrons to form a 3D Kondo lattice. It had remained an unanswered question whether superconductivity would persist upon effectively reducing the dimensionality of these materials from three to two. Here we report on the observation of superconductivity in such an ultimately strongly-correlated system of heavy electrons confined within a 2D square-lattice of Ce-atoms (2D Kondo lattice), which was realized by fabricating epitaxial superlattices built of alternating layers of heavy-fermion CeCoIn5 and conventional metal YbCoIn5. The field-temperature phase diagram of the superlattices exhibits highly unusual behaviors, including a striking enhancement of the upper critical field relative to the transition temperature. This implies that the force holding together the superconducting electron-pairs takes on an extremely strong coupled nature as a result of two-dimensionalization.
cond-mat.supr-con↗
The Population of High Redshift AGNs in the Chandra COSMOS survey
We present the high redshift (3 3. 81 sources are selected in the 0.5-2 keV band, 14 are selected in the 2-10 keV and 6 in the 0.5-10 keV bands. We sample the high luminosity (log L_(2-10 keV)>44.15 erg/s) space density up to z~5 and a fainter luminosity range (43.5 3. We find that the space density of high-luminosity AGNs declines exponentially at all the redshifts, confirming the trend observed for optically selected quasars. At lower luminosity, the measured space density is not conclusive, and a larger sample of faint sources is needed. Comparisons with optical luminosity functions and BH formation models are presented together with prospects for future surveys.
astro-ph.CO↗
Dissecting Photometric redshift for Active Galactic Nuclei using XMM- and Chandra-COSMOS samples
With this paper, we release accurate photometric redshifts for 1692 counterparts to Chandra sources in the central square degree of the COSMOS field. The availability of a large training set of spectroscopic redshifts that extends to faint magnitudes enabled photometric redshifts comparable to the highest quality results presently available for normal galaxies. We demonstrate that morphologically extended, faint X-ray sources without optical variability are more accurately described by a library of normal galaxies (corrected for emission lines) than by AGN-dominated templates, even if these sources have AGN-like X-ray luminosities. Preselecting the library on the bases of the source properties allowed us to reach an accuracy sigma_(Delta z/(1+z_spec)) \sim0.015 with a fraction of outliers of 5.8% for the entire Chandra-COSMOS sample. In addition, we release revised photometric redshifts for the 1735 optical counterparts of the XMM-detected sources over the entire 2 sq. deg.of COSMOS. For 248 sources, our updated photometric redshift differs from the previous release by Delta z>0.2. These changes are predominantly due to the inclusion of newly available deep H-band photometry H_AB=24 mag. We illustrate once again the importance of a spectroscopic training sample and how an assumption about the nature of a source together with the number and the depth of the available bands influence the accuracy of the photometric redshifts determined for AGN. These considerations should be kept in mind when defining the observational strategies of upcoming large surveys targeting AGN, such as eROSITA at X-ray energies and ASKAP/EMU in the radio band.
astro-ph.CO↗
Nodal gap structure of BaFe_2(As_{1-x}P_x)_2 from angle-resolved thermal conductivity in a magnetic field
The structure of the superconducting order parameter in the iron-pnictide superconductor BaFe$_2$(As$_{0.67}$P$_{0.33}$)$_2$ ($T_c=31$\,K) with line nodes is studied by the angle-resolved thermal conductivity measurements in a magnetic field rotated within the basal plane. We find that the thermal conductivity displays distinct fourfold oscillations with minima when the field is directed at $\pm45^\circ$ with respect to the tetragonal a-axis. We discuss possible gap structures that can account for the data, and conclude that the observed results are most consistent with the closed nodal loops located at the flat parts of the electron Fermi surface with high Fermi velocity.
cond-mat.supr-con↗
Measurement of the 8B Solar Neutrino Flux with the KamLAND Liquid Scintillator Detector
We report a measurement of the neutrino-electron elastic scattering rate from 8B solar neutrinos based on a 123 kton-day exposure of KamLAND. The background-subtracted electron recoil rate, above a 5.5 MeV analysis threshold is 1.49+/-0.14(stat)+/-0.17(syst) events per kton-day. Interpreted as due to a pure electron flavor flux with a 8B neutrino spectrum, this corresponds to a spectrum integrated flux of 2.77+/-0.26(stat)+/-0.32(syst) x 10^6 cm^-2s^-1. The analysis threshold is driven by 208Tl present in the liquid scintillator, and the main source of systematic uncertainty is due to background from cosmogenic 11Be. The measured rate is consistent with existing measurements and with Standard Solar Model predictions which include matter enhanced neutrino oscillation.
hep-ex↗
Rotational Symmetry Breaking in the Hidden-Order Phase of URu2Si2
A second-order phase transition is characterized by spontaneous symmetry breaking. The nature of the broken symmetry in the so-called "hidden order" phase transition in the heavy fermion compound URu2Si2, at transition temperature T_h=17.5 K, has posed a long-standing mystery. We report the emergence of an in-plane anisotropy of the magnetic susceptibility below T_h, which breaks the four-fold rotational symmetry of the tetragonal URu2Si2. Two-fold oscillations in the magnetic torque under in-plane field rotation were sensitively detected in small pure crystals. Our findings suggest that the hidden-order phase is an electronic "nematic" phase, a translationally invariant metallic phase with spontaneous breaking of rotational symmetry.
cond-mat.str-el↗
Nodeless vs nodal order parameters in LiFeAs and LiFeP superconductors
High-precision measurements of magnetic penetration depth $λ$ in clean single crystals of LiFeAs and LiFeP superconductors reveal contrasting low-energy quasiparticle excitations. In LiFeAs the low-temperature $λ(T)$ shows a flat dependence indicative of a fully gapped state, which is consistent with previous studies. In contrast, LiFeP exhibits a $T$-linear dependence of superfluid density $\propto λ^{-2}$, indicating a nodal superconducting order parameter. A systematic comparison of quasiparticle excitations in the 1111, 122, and 111 families of iron-pnictide superconductors implies that the nodal state is induced when the pnictogen height from the iron plane decreases below a threshold value of $\sim 1.33$\,Å.
cond-mat.supr-con↗
Probing the faint end of the quasar luminosity function at z ~ 4 in the COSMOS field
We searched for quasars that are ~ 3 mag fainter than the SDSS quasars in the redshift range 3.7 < z < 4.7 in the COSMOS field to constrain the faint end of the quasar luminosity function. Using optical photometric data, we selected 31 quasar candidates with 22 < i' < 24 at z ~ 4. We obtained optical spectra for most of these candidates using FOCAS on the Subaru telescope, and identified 8 low-luminosity quasars at z ~ 4. In order to derive the quasar luminosity function (QLF) based on our spectroscopic follow-up campaign, we estimated the photometric completeness of our quasar survey through detailed Monte Carlo simulations. Our QLF at z ~ 4 has a much shallower faint-end slope beta = -1.67^{+0.11}_{-0.17} than that obtained by other recent surveys in the same redshift. Our result is consistent with the scenario of downsizing evolution of active galactic nuclei inferred by recent optical and X-ray quasar surveys at lower redshifts.
astro-ph.CO↗
Abrupt recovery of Fermi-liquid transport by the c-axis collapse in CaFe2(As1-xPx)2 single crystals
Single crystals of CaFe$_2$(As$_{1-x}$P$_x$)$_2$ are found to exhibit the tetragonal (T) to collapsed-tetragonal (cT) transition at $T_{\rm cT} \lesssim100$\,K for $x>0.05$. The c-axis shrinks by $\sim9$% below $T_{\rm cT}$, which substantially diminishes the interband nesting between the hole and electron bands. In sharp contrast to the superconducting T phase of $A$Fe$_2$(As$_{1-x}$P$_x$)$_2$ ($A=$ Ba, Sr), where the anomalous non-Fermi liquid transport properties are observed, the resistivity, Hall coefficient, and magnetoresistance data in the Ca-based system all indicate that the standard Fermi liquid behaviors are recovered abruptly below $T_{\rm cT}$, and the superconductivity disappears completely. The intimate link between the superconductivity and the non-Fermi liquid transport enlightens the essential role of interband-associated fluctuation effects in Fe-pnictides.
cond-mat.supr-con↗
Unconventional superconductivity and antiferromagnetic quantum critical behavior in the isovalent-doped BaFe2(As1-xPx)2
Spin dynamics evolution of BaFe$_2$(As$_{1-x}$P$_x$)$_2$ was probed as a function of P concentration via $^{31}$P NMR. Our NMR study reveals that two-dimensional antiferromagnetic (AF) fluctuations are notably enhanced with little change in static susceptibility on approaching the AF phase from the superconducting dome. Moreover, magnetically ordered temperature $θ$ deduced from the relaxation rate vanishes at optimal doping. These results provide clear-cut evidence for a quantum-critical point (QCP), suggesting that the AF fluctuations associated with the QCP play a central role in the high-$T_c$ superconductivity.
cond-mat.supr-con↗
Two- and Three-Dimensional Fermi Surfaces and their Nesting Properties in Superconducting BaFe2(As1-xPx)2
We have studied the three-dimensional shapes of the Fermi surfaces (FSs) of BaFe2(As1-xPx)2 (x=0.38), where superconductivity is induced by isovalent P substitution, by angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy. Moderately strong electron mass enhancement has been identified for both the electron and hole FSs. Among two observed hole FSs, the nearly two-dimensional one shows good nesting with the outer two-dimensional electron FS, but its orbital character is different from the outer electron FS. The three-dimensional hole FS shows poor nesting with the electron FSs. The present results suggest that the three-dimensionality and the difference in the orbital character weaken FS nesting, leaving partial nesting among the outer electron FSs of dxy character and/or that within the three-dimensional hole FS, which may lead to the nodal superconductivity.
cond-mat.supr-con↗
Evidence for superconducting gap nodes in the zone-centered hole bands of KFe2As2 from magnetic penetration-depth measurements
Among the iron-based pnictide superconductors the material KFe$_2$As$_2$ is unusual in that its Fermi surface does not consist of quasi-nested electron and hole pockets. Here we report measurements of the temperature dependent London penetration depth of very clean crystals of this compound with residual resistivity ratio $>1200$. We show that the superfluid density at low temperatures exhibits a strong linear-in-temperature dependence which implies that there are line nodes in the energy gap on the large zone-centered hole sheets. The results indicate that KFe$_2$As$_2$ is an unconventional superconductor with strong electron correlations.
cond-mat.supr-con↗
Line nodes in the energy gap of high-temperature superconducting BaFe_2(As_{1-x}P_x)_2 from penetration depth and thermal conductivity measurements
We report magnetic penetration depth and thermal conductivity data for high-quality single crystals of BaFe$_2$(As$_{1-x}$P$_{x}$)$_2$ ($T_c=30$\,K) which provide strong evidence that this material has line nodes in its energy gap. This is distinctly different from the nodeless gap found for (Ba,K)Fe$_2$As$_2$ which has similar $T_c$ and phase diagram. Our results indicate that repulsive electronic interactions play an essential role for Fe-based high-$T_c$ superconductivity but that uniquely there are distinctly different pairing states, with and without nodes, which have comparable $T_c$.
cond-mat.supr-con↗