arXiv subjects

H. Kang

Publications and source records attributed to H. Kang.

53 records · Page 3Linked to original sources

arXiv2011

Ionization Suppression of Diatomic Molecules in Intense Midinfrared Laser Field

Diatomic molecules (e.g., O$_2$) in intense laser field exhibit a peculiar suppressed ionization behavior compared to their companion atoms. Several physical models have been proposed to account for this suppression while no consensus has been achieved. In this letter, we aim to clarify the underlying mechanisms behind this molecular ionization suppression. Experimental data recorded at midinfrared laser wavelength and its comparison with that at near-infrared wavelength revealed a peculiar wavelength and intensity dependence of the suppressed ionization of O$_2$ with respect to its companion atom of Xe, while N$_2$ behaves like a structureless atom. It is found that the S-matrix theory calculation can reproduce well the experimental observations and unambiguously identifies the significant role of two-center interference effect in the ionization suppression of O$_2$.

physics.atom-ph↗

arXiv2011

A Comparison of Cosmological Codes: Properties of Thermal Gas and Shock Waves in Large Scale Structures

[...] We present results for the statistics of thermal gas and the shock wave properties for a large volume simulated with three different cosmological numerical codes: the Eulerian total variations diminishing code TVD, the Eulerian piecewise parabolic method-based code ENZO, and the Lagrangian smoothed-particle hydrodynamics code GADGET. Starting from a shared set of initial conditions, we present convergence tests for a cosmological volume of side-length 100 Mpc/h, studying in detail the morphological and statistical properties of the thermal gas as a function of mass and spatial resolution in all codes. By applying shock finding methods to each code, we measure the statistics of shock waves and the related cosmic ray acceleration efficiencies, within the sample of simulations and for the results of the different approaches. We discuss the regimes of uncertainties and disagreement among codes, with a particular focus on the results at the scale of galaxy clusters. Even if the bulk of thermal and shock properties are reasonably in agreement among the three codes, yet some significant differences exist (especially between Eulerian methods and smoothed particle hydrodynamics). In particular, we report: a) differences of huge factors (10-100) in the values of average gas density, temperature, entropy, Mach number and shock thermal energy flux in the most rarefied regions of the simulations between grid and SPH methods; b) the hint of an entropy core inside clusters simulated in grid codes; c) significantly different phase diagrams of shocked cells in grid codes compared to SPH; d) sizable differences in the morphologies of accretion shocks between grid and SPH methods.

astro-ph.CO↗

arXiv2011

New Precision Limit on the Strange Vector Form Factors of the Proton

The parity-violating cross-section asymmetry in the elastic scattering of polarized electrons from unpolarized protons has been measured at a four-momentum transfer squared Q2 = 0.624 GeV and beam energy E =3.48 GeV to be A_PV = -23.80 +/- 0.78 (stat) +/- 0.36 (syst) parts per million. This result is consistent with zero contribution of strange quarks to the combination of electric and magnetic form factors G_E^s + 0.517 G_M^s = 0.003 +/- 0.010 (stat) +/- 0.004 (syst) +/- 0.009 (ff), where the third error is due to the limits of precision on the electromagnetic form factors and radiative corrections. With this measurement, the world data on strange contributions to nucleon form factors are seen to be consistent with zero and not more than a few percent of the proton form factors.

nucl-ex↗

arXiv2011

Search for effects beyond the Born approximation in polarization transfer observables in $\vec{e}p$ elastic scattering

Intensive theoretical and experimental efforts over the past decade have aimed at explaining the discrepancy between data for the proton electric to magnetic form factor ratio, $G_{E}/G_{M}$, obtained separately from cross section and polarization transfer measurements. One possible explanation for this difference is a two-photon-exchange (TPEX) contribution. In an effort to search for effects beyond the one-photon-exchange or Born approximation, we report measurements of polarization transfer observables in the elastic $H(\vec{e},e'\vec{p})$ reaction for three different beam energies at a fixed squared momentum transfer $Q^2 = 2.5$ GeV$^2$, spanning a wide range of the virtual photon polarization parameter, $ε$. From these measured polarization observables, we have obtained separately the ratio $R$, which equals $μ_p G_{E}/G_{M}$ in the Born approximation, and the longitudinal polarization transfer component $P_\ell$, with statistical and systematic uncertainties of $ΔR \approx \pm 0.01 \mbox{(stat)} \pm 0.013 \mbox{(syst)}$ and $ΔP_\ell/P^{Born}_{\ell} \approx \pm 0.006 \mbox{(stat)}\pm 0.01 \mbox{(syst)}$. The ratio $R$ is found to be independent of $ε$ at the 1.5% level, while the $ε$ dependence of $P_\ell$ shows an enhancement of $(2.3 \pm 0.6) %$ relative to the Born approximation at large $ε$.

nucl-ex↗

arXiv2010

Polarization Observables in Deuteron Photodisintegration below 360 MeV

High precision measurements of induced and transferred recoil proton polarization in d(polarized gamma, polarized p})n have been performed for photon energies of 277--357 MeV and theta_cm = 20 degrees -- 120 degrees. The measurements were motivated by a longstanding discrepancy between meson-baryon model calculations and data at higher energies. At the low energies of this experiment, theory continues to fail to reproduce the data, indicating that either something is missing in the calculations and/or there is a problem with the accuracy of the nucleon-nucleon potential being used.

nucl-ex↗

arXiv2009

Clusters and Large-Scale Structure: the Synchrotron Keys

For over four decades, synchrotron-radiating sources have played a series of pathfinding roles in the study of galaxy clusters and large scale structure. Such sources are uniquely sensitive to the turbulence and shock structures of large-scale environments, and their cosmic rays and magnetic fields often play important dynamic and thermodynamic roles. They provide essential complements to studies at other wavebands. Over the next decade, they will fill essential gaps in both cluster astrophysics and the cosmological growth of structure in the universe, especially where the signatures of shocks and turbulence, or even the underlying thermal plasma itself, are otherwise undetectable. Simultaneously, synchrotron studies offer a unique tool for exploring the fundamental question of the origins of cosmic magnetic fields. This work will be based on the new generation of m/cm-wave radio telescopes now in construction, as well as major advances in the sophistication of 3-D MHD simulations.

astro-ph.CO↗

arXiv2008

Geometric Realizations of Hermitian curvature models

We show that a Hermitian algebraic curvature model satisfies the Gray identity if and only if it is geometrically realizable by a Hermitian manifold. Furthermore, such a curvature model can in fact be realized by a Hermitian manifold of constant scalar curvature and constant *-scalar curvature which satisfies the Kaehler condition at the point in question.

math.DG↗

arXiv2008

Geometric realizations of curvature models by manifolds with constant scalar curvature

We show any Riemannian curvature model can be geometrically realized by a manifold with constant scalar curvature. We also show that any pseudo-Hermitian curvature model, para-Hermitian curvature model, hyper-pseudo-Hermitian curvature model, or hyper-para-Hermitian curvature model can be realized by a manifold with constant scalar and *-scalar curvature.

math.DG↗

arXiv2007

Time Evolution of Cosmic Ray MHD Shocks and Their Emissions

We present results of time evolution of oblique MHD plane shocks including diffusive cosmic ray acceleration with backreaction on the plasma flows. The simulations include self-consistent effects of finite Alfven wave propagation and dissipation. From the computed cosmic ray particle phase space distributions we calculate expected leptonic and hadronic emissions resulting from interactions between the cosmic rays, magnetic fields, the thermal particle population and relevant astrophysical photon fields.

astro-ph↗

arXiv2006

Optimal Estimates for the Electric Field in Two-Dimensions

The purpose of this paper is to set out optimal gradient estimates for solutions to the isotropic conductivity problem in the presence of adjacent conductivity inclusions as the distance between the inclusions goes to zero and their conductivities degenerate. This difficult question arises in the study of composite media. Frequently in composites, the inclusions are very closely spaced and may even touch. It is quite important from a practical point of view to know whether the electric field (the gradient of the potential) can be arbitrarily large as the inclusions get closer to each other or to the boundary of the background medium. In this paper, we establish both upper and lower bounds on the electric field in the case where two circular conductivity inclusions are very close but not touching. We also obtain such bounds when a circular inclusion is very close to the boundary of a circular domain which contains the inclusion. The novelty of these estimates, which improve and make complete our earlier results published in Math. Ann., is that they give an optimal information about the blow-up of the electric field as the conductivities of the inclusions degenerate.

math.AP↗

arXiv2006

Asymptotic Analysis of High-Contrast Phononic Crystals and a Criterion for the Band-Gap Opening

We investigate the band-gap structure of the frequency spectrum for elastic waves in a high-contrast, two-component periodic elastic medium. We consider two-dimensional phononic crystals consisting of a background medium which is perforated by an array of holes periodic along each of the two orthogonal coordinate axes. In this paper we establish a full asymptotic formula for dispersion relations of phononic band structures as the contrast of the shear modulus and that of the density become large. The main ingredients are integral equation formulations of the solutions to the harmonic oscillatory linear elastic equation and several theorems concerning the characteristic values of meromorphic operator-valued functions in the complex plane such as Generalized Rouché's theorem. We establish a connection between the band structures and the Dirichlet eigenvalue problem on the elementary hole. We also provide a criterion for exhibiting gaps in the band structure which shows that smaller the density of the matrix is, wider the band-gap is, provided that the criterion is fulfilled. This phenomenon was reported by Economou and Sigalas who observed that periodic elastic composites whose matrix has lower density and higher shear modulus compared to those of inclusions yield better open gaps. Our analysis in this paper agrees with this experimental finding.

math.AP↗

arXiv2005

Defect Motion and Lattice Pinning Barrier in Josephson-Junction Ladders

We study motion of domain wall defects in a fully frustrated Josephson-unction ladder system, driven by small applied currents. For small system sizes, the energy barrier E_B to the defect motion is computed analytically via symmetry and topological considerations. More generally, we perform numerical simulations directly on the equations of motion, based on the resistively-shunted junction model, to study the dynamics of defects, varying the system size. Coherent motion of domain walls is observed for large system sizes. In the thermodynamical limit, we find E_B=0.1827 in units of the Josephson coupling energy.

cond-mat.stat-mech↗

arXiv2005

Glucose metabolism and oscillatory behavior of pancreatic islets

A variety of oscillations are observed in pancreatic islets.We establish a model, incorporating two oscillatory systems of different time scales: One is the well-known bursting model in pancreatic beta-cells and the other is the glucose-insulin feedback model which considers direct and indirect feedback of secreted insulin. These two are coupled to interact with each other in the combined model, and two basic assumptions are made on the basis of biological observations: The conductance g_{K(ATP)} for the ATP-dependent potassium current is a decreasing function of the glucose concentration whereas the insulin secretion rate is given by a function of the intracellular calcium concentration. Obtained via extensive numerical simulations are complex oscillations including clusters of bursts, slow and fast calcium oscillations, and so on. We also consider how the intracellular glucose concentration depends upon the extracellular glucose concentration, and examine the inhibitory effects of insulin.

q-bio.CB↗

arXiv2005

How Noise and Coupling Induce Bursting Action Potentials in Pancreatic beta-cells

Unlike isolated beta-cells, which usually produce continuous spikes or fast and irregular bursts, electrically coupled beta-cells are apt to exhibit robust bursting action potentials. We consider the noise induced by thermal fluctuations as well as that by channel gating stochasticity and examine its effects on the action potential behavior of the beta-cell model. It is observed numerically that such noise in general helps single cells to produce a variety of electrical activities. In addition, we also probe coupling via gap junctions between neighboring cells,with heterogeneity induced by noise, to find that it enhances regular bursts.

q-bio.CB↗

arXiv2005

An Efficient Numerical Scheme for Simulating Particle Acceleration in Evolving Cosmic-Ray Modified Shocks

We have developed a new, very efficient numerical scheme to solve the CR diffusion convection equation that can be applied to the study of the nonlinear time evolution of CR modified shocks for arbitrary spatial diffusion properties. The efficiency of the scheme derives from its use of coarse-grained finite momentum volumes. This approach has enabled us, using $\sim 10 - 20$ momentum bins spanning nine orders of magnitude in momentum, to carry out simulations that agree well with results from simulations of modified shocks carried out with our conventional finite difference scheme requiring more than an order of magnitude more momentum points. The coarse-grained, CGMV scheme reduces execution times by a factor approximately half the ratio of momentum bins used in the two methods. Depending on the momentum dependence of the diffusion, additional economies in required spatial and time resolution can be utilized in the CGMV scheme, as well. These allow a computational speed-up of at least an order of magnitude in some cases.

astro-ph↗

arXiv2005

Resonant Nernst effect in the metallic and field-induced spin density wave states of (TMTSF)2ClO4

We examine an unusual phenomenon where, in tilted magnetic fields near magic angles parallel to crystallographic planes, a "giant" resonant Nernst signal has been observed by Wu et al.[Phys. Rev. Lett. 91 56601(2003)] in the metallic state of an organic conducting Bechgaard salt. We show that this effect appears to be a general feature of these materials, and is also present in the field induced spin density wave phase with even larger amplitude. Our results place new restrictions on models that treat the metallic state as an unconventional density wave or as a state with finite Cooper pairing.

cond-mat.str-el↗

arXiv2004

Efficiency of Nonlinear Particle Acceleration at Cosmic Structure Shocks

We have calculated the evolution of cosmic ray (CR) modified astrophysical shocks for a wide range of shock Mach numbers and shock speeds through numerical simulations of diffusive shock acceleration (DSA) in 1D quasi- parallel plane shocks. The simulations include thermal leakage injection of seed CRs, as well as pre-existing, upstream CR populations. Bohm-like diffusion is assumed. We model shocks similar to those expected around cosmic structure pancakes as well as other accretion shocks driven by flows with upstream gas temperatures in the range $T_0=10^4-10^{7.6}$K and shock Mach numbers spanning $M_s=2.4-133$. We show that CR modified shocks evolve to time-asymptotic states by the time injected particles are accelerated to moderately relativistic energies ($p/mc \gsim 1$), and that two shocks with the same Mach number, but with different shock speeds, evolve qualitatively similarly when the results are presented in terms of a characteristic diffusion length and diffusion time. For these models the time asymptotic value for the CR acceleration efficiency is controlled mainly by shock Mach number. The modeled high Mach number shocks all evolve towards efficiencies $\sim 50$%, regardless of the upstream CR pressure. On the other hand, the upstream CR pressure increases the overall CR energy in moderate strength shocks ($M_s \sim {\rm a few}$). (abridged)

astro-ph↗