arXiv subjects

H. Zhang

Publications and source records attributed to H. Zhang.

At least 199 records · Page 11Linked to original sources

arXiv2013

The origin of the helicity hemispheric sign rule reversals in the mean-field solar-type dynamo

Observations of proxies of the magnetic helicity in the Sun over the past two solar cycles revealed reversals of the helicity hemispheric sign rule (negative in the North and positive in the South hemispheres). We apply the mean-field solar dynamo model to study the reversals of the magnetic helicity sign for the dynamo operating in the bulk of the solar convection zone. The evolution of the magnetic helicity is governed by the conservation law. We found that the reversal of the sign of the small-scale magnetic helicity follows the dynamo wave propagating inside the convection zone. Therefore, the spatial patterns of the magnetic helicity reversals reflect the processes which contribute to generation and evolution of the large-scale magnetic fields. At the surface the patterns of the helicity sign reversals are determined by the magnetic helicity boundary conditions at the top of the convection zone. We demonstrate the impact of fluctuations in the dynamo parameters and variability in dynamo cycle amplitude on the reversals of the magnetic helicity sign rule. The obtained results suggest that the magnetic helicity of the large-scale axisymmetric field can be treated as an additional observational tracer for the solar dynamo.

astro-ph.SR↗

arXiv2013

Specific heat and thermal conductivity of ferromagnetic magnons in Yttrium Iron Garnet

The specific heat and thermal conductivity of the insulating ferrimagnet Y$_3$Fe$_5$O$_{12}$ (Yttrium Iron Garnet, YIG) single crystal were measured down to 50 mK. The ferromagnetic magnon specific heat $C$$_m$ shows a characteristic $T^{1.5}$ dependence down to 0.77 K. Below 0.77 K, a downward deviation is observed, which is attributed to the magnetic dipole-dipole interaction with typical magnitude of 10$^{-4}$ eV. The ferromagnetic magnon thermal conductivity $κ_m$ does not show the characteristic $T^2$ dependence below 0.8 K. To fit the $κ_m$ data, both magnetic defect scattering effect and dipole-dipole interaction are taken into account. These results complete our understanding of the thermodynamic and thermal transport properties of the low-lying ferromagnetic magnons.

cond-mat.str-el↗

arXiv2013

Resonant X-Ray Scattering Measurements of a Spatial Modulation of the Cu 3d and O 2p Energies in Stripe-Ordered Cuprate Superconductors

A prevailing description of the stripe phase in underdoped cuprate superconductors is that the charge carriers (holes) phase segregate on a microscopic scale into hole rich and hole poor regions. We report resonant elastic x-ray scattering measurements of stripe-ordered La$_{1.475}$Nd$_{0.4}$Sr$_{0.125}$CuO$_4$ at the Cu $L$ and O $K$ absorption edges that identify an additional feature of stripe order. Analysis of the energy dependence of the scattering intensity reveals that the dominant signature of the stripe order is a spatial modulation in the energies of Cu 3d and O 2p states rather than the large modulation of the charge density (valence) envisioned in the common stripe paradigm. These energy shifts are interpreted as a spatial modulation of the electronic structure and may point to a valence-bond-solid interpretation of the stripe phase.

cond-mat.supr-con↗

arXiv2012

Current helicity constraints in solar dynamo models

We investigate to what extent the current helicity distribution observed in solar active regions is compatible with solar dynamo models. We use an advanced 2D mean-field dynamo model with dynamo action largely concentrated near the bottom of the convective zone, and dynamo saturation based on the evolution of the magnetic helicity and algebraic quenching. For comparison, we also studied a more basic 2D mean-field dynamo model with simple algebraic alpha quenching only. Using these numerical models we obtain butterfly diagrams for both the small-scale current helicity and the large-scale magnetic helicity, and compare them with the butterfly diagram for the current helicity in active regions obtained from observations. This comparison shows that the current helicity of active regions, as estimated by $-A \cdot B$ evaluated at the depth from which the active region arises, resembles the observational data much better than the small-scale current helicity calculated directly from the helicity evolution equation. Here $B$ and $A$ are respectively the dynamo generated mean magnetic field and its vector potential.

astro-ph.SR↗

arXiv2012

Helicity conservation in nonlinear mean-field solar dynamo

We explore the impact of magnetic helicity conservation on the mean-field solar dynamo using the axisymmetric dynamo model which includes the subsurface shear. Our results support the recent findings by Hubbard & Brandenburg (2012), who suggested that the catastrophic quenching in the mean-field dynamo is alleviated if conservation of the total magnetic helicity is taken into account. We show that the solar dynamo can operate in the wide rage of the magnetic Reynolds number up to $10^{6}$. We also found that the boundary conditions for the magnetic helicity influence the distribution of the $α$-effect near the solar surface.

astro-ph.SR↗

arXiv2012

Evolution of magnetic oxygen states in Sr-doped LaCoO$_3$

Magnetism in La$_{1-x}$Sr$_x$CoO$_3$ as a function of doping is investigated with X-ray absorption spectroscopy and X-ray magnetic circular dichroism at the O K edge, and corresponding first principles electronic structure calculations. For small x, the spectra are consistent with the formation of ferromagnetic clusters occurring within a nonmagnetic insulating matrix. Sr-induced, magnetic O-hole states form just above E$_F$ and grow with increasing Sr doping. Density functional calculations for x = 0 yield a nonmagnetic ground state with the observed rhombohedral distortion and indicates that doping introduces holes at the Fermi level in magnetic states with significant O 2p and Co t$_{2g}$ character for the undistorted pseudocubic structure. Supercell calculations show stronger magnetism on oxygen atoms having more Sr neighbors.

cond-mat.str-el↗

arXiv2012

Very strong coupling in GaAs based optical microcavities

We show that when following a simple cavity design metric, a quantum well exciton-microcavity photon coupling constant can be larger than the exciton binding energy in GaAs based optical microcavities. Such a very strong coupling significantly reduces the relative electron-hole motion and makes the polaritons robust against phonon collisions. The corresponding polariton dissociation and saturation boundaries on the phase diagram are much improved, and our calculations suggest the possibility of constructing a room temperature, high power exciton-polariton laser without resorting to wide bandgap semiconductors.

quant-ph↗

arXiv2012

EUROnu-WP6 2010 Report

This is a summary of the work done by the Working Package 6 (Physics) of the EU project "EUROnu" during the second year of activity of the project.

hep-ph↗

arXiv2012

Forming Different Planetary Systems

With the increasing number of detected exoplanet samples, the statistical properties of planetary systems have become much clearer. In this review, we summarize the major statistics that have been revealed mainly by radial velocity and transiting observations, and try to interpret them within the scope of the classical core-accretion scenario of planet formation, especially in the formation of different orbital architectures for planetary systems around main sequence stars. Based on the different possible formation routes for different planet systems, we tentatively classify them into three major catalogs: hot Jupiter systems, standard systems and distant giant planet systems. The standard system can be further categorized into three sub-types under different circumstances: solar-like systems, hot Super-Earth systems, sub-giant planet systems. We also review the planet detection and formation in binary systems as well as planets in star clusters.

astro-ph.EP↗

arXiv2012

Nodeless superconductivity in Ca3Ir4Sn13: evidence from quasiparticle heat transport

We report resistivity $ρ$ and thermal conductivity $κ$ measurements on Ca$_3$Ir$_4$Sn$_{13}$ single crystals, in which superconductivity with $T_c \approx 7$ K was claimed to coexist with ferromagnetic spin-fluctuations. Among three crystals, only one crystal shows a small hump in resistivity near 20 K, which was previously attributed to the ferromagnetic spin-fluctuations. Other two crystals show the $ρ\sim T^2$ Fermi-liquid behavior at low temperature. For both single crystals with and without the resistivity anomaly, the residual linear term $κ_0/T$ is negligible in zero magnetic field. In low fields, $κ_0(H)/T$ shows a slow field dependence. These results demonstrate that the superconducting gap of Ca$_3$Ir$_4$Sn$_{13}$ is nodeless, thus rule out nodal gap caused by ferromagnetic spin-fluctuations.

cond-mat.supr-con↗

arXiv2012

Observation of superconductivity at 30 K~46 K in AxFe2Se2 (A = Li, Na, Ba, Sr, Ca, Yb, and Eu)

New iron selenide superconductors by intercalating smaller-sized alkali metals (Li, Na) and alkaline earths using high-temperature routes have been pursued ever since the discovery of superconductivity at about 30 K in KFe2Se2, but all have failed so far. Here we demonstrate that a series of superconductors with enhanced Tc=30~46 K can be obtained by intercalating metals, Li, Na, Ba, Sr, Ca, Yb, and Eu in between FeSe layers by the ammonothermal method at room temperature. Analysis on their powder X-ray diffraction patterns reveals that all the main phases can be indexed based on body-centered tetragonal lattices with a~3.755-3.831 Å while c~15.99-20.54 Å. Resistivities show the corresponding sharp transitions at 45 K and 39 K for NaFe2Se2 and Ba0.8Fe2Se2, respectively, confirming their bulk superconductivity. These findings provide a new starting point for studying the properties of these superconductors and an effective synthetic route for the exploration of new superconductors as well.

cond-mat.supr-con↗

arXiv2012

Current helicity of active regions as a tracer of large-scale solar magnetic helicity

We demonstrate that the current helicity observed in solar active regions traces the magnetic helicity of the large-scale dynamo generated field. We use an advanced 2D mean-field dynamo model with dynamo saturation based on the evolution of the magnetic helicity and algebraic quenching. For comparison, we also studied a more basic 2D mean-field dynamo model with simple algebraic alpha quenching only. Using these numerical models we obtained butterfly diagrams both for the small-scale current helicity and also for the large-scale magnetic helicity, and compared them with the butterfly diagram for the current helicity in active regions obtained from observations. This comparison shows that the current helicity of active regions, as estimated by $-{\bf A \cdot B}$ evaluated at the depth from which the active region arises, resembles the observational data much better than the small-scale current helicity calculated directly from the helicity evolution equation. Here ${\bf B}$ and ${\bf A}$ are respectively the dynamo generated mean magnetic field and its vector potential. A theoretical interpretation of these results is given.

astro-ph.SR↗

arXiv2011

Robust nodal superconductivity induced by isovalent doping in Ba(Fe$_{1-x}$Ru$_x$)$_2$As$_2$ and BaFe$_2$(As$_{1-x}$P$_x$)$_2$

We present the ultra-low-temperature heat transport study of iron-based superconductors Ba(Fe$_{1-x}$Ru$_x$)$_2$As$_2$ and BaFe$_2$(As$_{1-x}$P$_x$)$_2$. For optimally doped Ba(Fe$_{0.64}$Ru$_{0.36}$)$_2$As$_2$, a large residual linear term $κ_0/T$ at zero field and a $\sqrt{H}$ dependence of $κ_0(H)/T$ are observed, which provide strong evidences for nodes in the superconducting gap. This result demonstrates that the isovalent Ru doping can also induce nodal superconductivity, as P does in BaFe$_2$(As$_{0.67}$P$_{0.33}$)$_2$. Furthermore, in underdoped Ba(Fe$_{0.77}$Ru$_{0.23}$)$_2$As$_2$ and heavily underdoped BaFe$_2$(As$_{0.82}$P$_{0.18}$)$_2$, $κ_0/T$ manifests similar nodal behavior, which shows the robustness of nodal superconductivity in the underdoped regime and puts constraint on theoretical models.

cond-mat.supr-con↗

arXiv2011

Turbulent cross-helicity in the mean-field solar dynamo problem

We study the dynamical and statistical properties of turbulent cross-helicity (correlation of the aligned fluctuating velocity and magnetic field components). We derive an equation governing generation and evolution of the turbulent cross-helicity and discuss its meaning for the dynamo. Using symmetry properties of the problem we suggest a general expression for the turbulent cross-helicity pseudo-scalar and compute the turbulent coefficients in this expression. Effects of the density stratification, large-scale magnetic fields, differential rotation and turbulent convection are taken into account. We investigate the relative contribution of these effects to the cross-helicity evolution for two kinds of dynamo models of the solar cycle including a distributed mean-field model and a flux-transport dynamo model. We show that the contribution from the density stratification follows the evolution of the radial magnetic field, while large-scale electric currents produce a more complicated pattern of the cross-helicity of the comparable magnitude. We suggest that the results of observational analysis of the cross-helicity will depend on the averaging scales. Our results show that the pattern of the cross-helicity evolution strongly depends on details of the dynamo mechanism. Thus, we anticipate that direct observations of the cross-helicity on the Sun may serve for the diagnostic purpose of the solar dynamo process.

astro-ph.SR↗

arXiv2011

Torque and temperature dependence of the hysteretic voltage-induced torsional strain in tantalum trisulfide

We have measured the dependence of the hysteretic voltage-induced torsional strain (VITS) in crystals of orthorhombic tantalum trisulfide on temperature and applied torque. In particular, applying square-wave voltages above the charge-density-wave (CDW) threshold voltage, so as to abruptly switch the strain across its hysteresis loop, we have found that the time constant for the VITS to switch (at different temperatures and voltages) varied as the CDW current. Application of torque to the crystal could also change the VITS time constant, magnitude, and sign, suggesting that the VITS is a consequence of residual torsional strain in the sample which twist the CDW. Application of voltage changes the pitch of these CDW twists, which then act back on the lattice. However, it remains difficult to understand the sluggishness of the response.

cond-mat.str-el↗

arXiv2011

Nodal superconductivity in Ba(Fe$_{1-x}$Ru$_x$)$_2$As$_2$ induced by isovalent Ru substitution

We present the ultra-low-temperature heat transport study of an iron-based superconductor Ba(Fe$_{0.64}$Ru$_{0.36}$)$_2$As$_2$ ($T_c$ = 20.2 K), in which the superconductivity is induced by isovalent Ru substitution. In zero field we find a large residual linear term $κ_0/T$, more than 40% of the normal-state value. At low field, the $κ_0/T$ shows an $H^{1/2}$ dependence. These provide strong evidences for nodes in the superconducting gap of Ba(Fe$_{0.64}$Ru$_{0.36}$)$_2$As$_2$, which mimics that in another isovalently substituted superconductor BaFe$_2$(As$_{1-x}$P$_x$)$_2$. Our results show that the isovalent Ru substitution can also induce nodal superconductivity in BaFe$_2$As$_2$, as P does, and they may have the same origin. We further compare them with other two nodal superconductors LaFePO and LiFeP.

cond-mat.supr-con↗

arXiv2011

An in-vacuum diffractometer for resonant elastic soft x-ray scattering

We describe the design, construction and performance of a 4-circle in-vacuum diffractometer for resonant elastic soft x-ray scattering and reflectivity. The diffractometer, installed on the REIXS beamline at the Canadian Light Source, includes 9 in-vacuum motions driven by in-vacuum stepper motors and operates in ultra-high vacuum at base pressure of 2 x10^-10 Torr. Cooling to a base temperature of 18 K is provided with a closed-cycle cryostat. The diffractometer includes a choice of 3 photon detectors: a photodiode, a channeltron and a 2D sensitive channelplate detector. Along with variable slit and filter options, these detectors are suitable for studying a wide range of phenomena having both weak and strong diffraction signals. Example measurements of diffraction and reflectivity in Nd-doped (La,Sr)_2CuO_4 and thin film (Ga,Mn)As are shown.

cond-mat.str-el↗

arXiv2011

Field-induced quantum critical point and nodal superconductivity in the heavy-fermion superconductor Ce2PdIn8

The interplay between magnetism and superconductivity has been a central issue in unconventional superconductors. While the dynamic magnetism could be the source of electron pairing, the static magnetism is generally believed to compete with superconductivity. In this sense, the observation of Q phase, the coupled spin-density wave order and superconductivity, in the heavy-fermion superconductor CeCoIn5 is very puzzling. Whether this Q phase origins from the novel Fulde-Ferrel-Larkin-Ovchinnikov state is under hot debate. Here we report the resistivity and thermal conductivity study of a newly discovered heavy-fermion superconductor Ce2PdIn8 down to 50 mK. We find an unusual field-induced quantum critical point at the upper critical field Hc2 and unconventional nodal superconductivity in Ce2PdIn8. The jump of thermal conductivity k(H)/T near Hc2 suggests a first-order-like phase transition at low temperatures. These results mimic the features of the Q phase in CeCoIn5, implying that Ce2PdIn8 is another promising compound to investigate the exotic Q phase and FFLO state. The comparison between CeCoIn5 and Ce2PdIn8 may help to clarify the origin of the Q phase.

cond-mat.supr-con↗