Haeyoon Han | Searcharxiv

arXiv2026

Geometric Fault Identification via Mirror Descent Learning

This paper develops a fault detection and identification (FDI) method for nonlinear control-affine systems under simultaneous actuator and sensor faults. We adopt a geometric approach to study the isolability of faults in the sense of the principal angles between subspaces corresponding to each actuator and sensor fault. As for the fault identification, a hybrid estimator that consists of a Luenberger-like observer with contraction guarantees is developed. Moreover, neural networks are embedded in the mentioned observer to estimate actuator and sensor faults. Considering that the training dataset for neural networks cannot be representative of every fault scenario, the last layer of each network is adapted using mirror descent-based laws. The mirror descent-based adaptive laws impose isolability conditions for fault channels and do not assume a quadratic parameter estimation space to consider the geometry of the fault subspaces. A Lyapunov-based analysis establishes that the state and parameter estimation errors are uniformly ultimately bounded. The effectiveness of our proposed FDI method is illustrated on the 3-axis attitude control system of a spacecraft.

eess.SY↗

arXiv2025

A Counterfactual Reasoning Framework for Fault Diagnosis in Robot Perception Systems

Perception systems provide a rich understanding of the environment for autonomous systems, shaping decisions in all downstream modules. Hence, accurate detection and isolation of faults in perception systems is important. Faults in perception systems pose particular challenges: faults are often tied to the perceptual context of the environment, and errors in their multi-stage pipelines can propagate across modules. To address this, we adopt a counterfactual reasoning approach to propose a framework for fault detection and isolation (FDI) in perception systems. As opposed to relying on physical redundancy (i.e., having extra sensors), our approach utilizes analytical redundancy with counterfactual reasoning to construct perception reliability tests as causal outcomes influenced by system states and fault scenarios. Counterfactual reasoning generates reliability test results under hypothesized faults to update the belief over fault hypotheses. We derive both passive and active FDI methods. While the passive FDI can be achieved by belief updates, the active FDI approach is defined as a causal bandit problem, where we utilize Monte Carlo Tree Search (MCTS) with upper confidence bound (UCB) to find control inputs that maximize a detection and isolation metric, designated as Effective Information (EI). The mentioned metric quantifies the informativeness of control inputs for FDI. We demonstrate the approach in a robot exploration scenario, where a space robot performing vision-based navigation actively adjusts its attitude to increase EI and correctly isolate faults caused by sensor damage, dynamic scenes, and perceptual degradation.

cs.RO↗