arXiv subjects

Hai-Long Jia

Publications and source records attributed to Hai-Long Jia.

6 recordsLinked to original sources

arXiv2026

Pseudospectrum of Braneworld Perturbations

Pseudospectral analysis provides a powerful way to probe the spectral stability of non-self-adjoint operators and has been widely used in black hole physics, but its application to braneworld scenarios has not yet been explored. In this work, we apply this method to tensor gravitational perturbations in a representative scalar-field-generated thick brane background. To the best of our knowledge, we provide the first hyperboloidal formulation of braneworld perturbations and propose a height-function gauge adapted to the warped geometry. This construction converts the outgoing boundary conditions of quasinormal modes into regularity conditions at finite compactified boundaries and recasts the perturbation equation as a first-order system generated by a non-self-adjoint hyperboloidal evolution operator. With the corresponding energy norm, we compute the condition numbers and pseudospectra of the localized graviton zero mode and the quasinormal-mode spectrum. We find that the condition numbers grow rapidly along the overtone sequence and that the corresponding pseudospectral contours develop broad, connected structures in the high-overtone region. These results show a strongly mode-dependent spectral sensitivity: among the damped modes analyzed, the higher overtones are less robust than the fundamental mode. The zero mode also has a larger condition number than the fundamental mode, indicating stronger local first-order sensitivity. These diagnostics characterize sensitivity to generic norm-bounded operator perturbations. Relating that sensitivity to a specific braneworld deformation requires the corresponding self-consistent perturbation constraints.

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arXiv2026

Real Part Emergence in Purely Imaginary Quasinormal Modes in Perturbed de Sitter Braneworlds

For braneworlds with infinite extra dimensions, an analysis of the stability of the characteristic spectrum is essential for understanding their dynamical properties. In this study, we investigate the stability of the gravitational perturbation spectrum in a thick de Sitter brane. Unlike the flat brane case, the de Sitter brane features purely imaginary quasinormal frequencies, corresponding to time-domain signals that decay without oscillation. Our results demonstrate that, upon introducing perturbations on the brane, the originally purely imaginary modes develop a nonvanishing real part that depends on the perturbation parameters, thereby becoming complex-frequency modes with both real and imaginary components. In the time domain, this behavior manifests as transient oscillatory signatures in the intermediate stage of the signal, whose fitted frequencies are consistent with those of the first newly induced quasinormal mode, while the late-time waveform remains dominated by the zero mode. As early-time signals are more readily observable, such perturbation-induced oscillations are more likely to be detectable and may have an impact on the extraction of the cosmological constant on the brane from gravitational signals.

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arXiv2026

Spectral Butterfly Effect and Resilient Ringdown in Thick Braneworlds

The quasinormal mode spectrum is a unique fingerprint linking gravitational-wave observations to extra-dimensional geometry. In this Letter, we show that thick braneworlds exhibit a spectral butterfly effect: infinitesimal deformations of the effective potential trigger dramatic migrations of quasinormal modes, challenging the presumed stability of this fingerprint. Frequency-domain instabilities depend sensitively on the perturbation's location and strength. In the time domain, near-brane perturbations primarily modify the early ringdown, while far-brane perturbations generate clean late-time echoes. Crucially, the graviton zero mode remains localized, preserving four-dimensional gravity. Despite this pronounced spectral fragility, the observable early-stage signal under current detector sensitivities is still dominated by the original fundamental mode. Hence, thick braneworlds display a nontrivial coexistence of a fragile spectrum and a resilient ringdown, supporting the continued use of the standard fingerprint in present-day gravitational-wave astronomy while revealing its hidden sensitivity.

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arXiv2026

Quasinormal modes of the thick braneworld in $f(T)$ gravity

We investigate the quasinormal modes (QNMs) of a thick brane model in $f(T)$ gravity with $f(T) = T + αT^2$. Requiring the energy density to remain positive and the scalar field to be real constrains the parameter $α$ to the range $[-\frac{7}{48},\frac{1}{48}]$. Within this allowed region, we find that the parameter $α$ can induce a brane-splitting structure. The quasinormal frequencies of the system are computed using both the asymptotic iteration method and the Bernstein spectral method. The two approaches show good agreement in the low-overtone regime. For $α<0$, the decay rate of the first QNM decreases as $|α|$ increases, whereas higher overtones exhibit the opposite behavior. To further examine the influence of model parameters on the QNM spectrum, we also perform numerical time-domain evolution of perturbations, whose results are consistent with the frequency-domain analysis. Our results provide a concrete example of quasinormal spectra in thick brane models within $f(T)$ gravity and may offer useful insights for future observational tests of extra dimensions.

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arXiv2025

Quasinormal ringing of thick braneworlds with a finite extra dimension

In this work, we investigate the quasinormal modes of the Poincaré thick brane with a finite extra dimension. Unlike the case with an infinite extra dimension, the gravitational effective potential exhibits three distinct shapes within different ranges of the parameter $n$ in the warp factor: harmonic oscillator potential, Pöschl-Teller potential, and volcano-like potential. We then study various types of perturbations in this system. Utilizing a combination of analytical, semi-analytical, and numerical methods, we obtain the quasinormal modes of the perturbed fields. Our findings reveal a set of discrete quasinormal modes for the thick brane, similar to those of black holes. Interestingly, when $n=1$, the quasinormal modes exhibit purely imaginary behavior. This study may provide a new way to detect the existence of extra dimensions.

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arXiv2024

Quasinormal Ringing of de Sitter Braneworlds

Compared with the Poincaré braneworld, the de Sitter (dS) braneworld aligns more closely with the present universe characterized by a small but finite cosmological constant. To explore the quasinormal ringing properties within the dS brane scenario, we investigate the gravitational perturbations in both thin and thick dS brane configurations. Analysis of the perturbation equations reveals that the effective potential along the extra dimension exhibits the shape of Pöschl-Teller potential, asymptotically approaching a constant value (mass gap) at infinity. And analytical calculations further indicate that the gravitational perturbations, apart from the zero mode, possess a series of discrete, purely imaginary quasinormal modes in the late stages. This result implies that these perturbations decay without oscillation over time. The analytical findings also demonstrate that the brane structure primarily determines the distribution of the quasinormal spectrum while preserving the purely imaginary nature of the quasinormal frequencies. Subsequently, we further simulate the gravitational wave signal by numerically evolving the perturbation equations, which yield late-stage results consistent with the analytical predictions. Interestingly, these quasinormal modes carry information about the cosmological constant on the brane, which provides a potential new pathway for the study of cosmology in the dS brane scenario.

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