arXiv subjects

Haiyuan Zou

Publications and source records attributed to Haiyuan Zou.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources

arXiv2019

Universality of Heisenberg-Ising chain in external fields

Motivated by the recent surge of transverse-field experiments on quasi-one-dimensional antiferromagnets Sr(Ba)Co$_2$V$_2$O$_8$, we investigate the quantum phase transition in a Heisenberg-Ising chain under a combination of two in-plane inter-perpendicular transverse fields and a four-period longitudinal field, where the in-plane transverse field is either uniform or staggered. We show that the model can be unitary mapped to the one-dimensional transverse-field Ising model (1DTFIM) when the $x$ and $y$ components of the spin interaction and the four-period field are absent. When these two terms are present, following both analytical and numerical efforts, we demonstrate that the system undergoes a second-order quantum phase transition with increasing transverse fields, where the critical exponents as well as the central charge fall into the universality of 1DTFIM. Our results naturally identify the 1DTFIM universality of 1D quantum phase transitions observed in the existed experiments in Sr(Ba)Co$_2$V$_2$O$_8$ with transverse field applied along either [100] or [110] direction. Upon varying the tuning parameters a critical surface with 1DTFIM universality is determined and silhouetted to exhibit the general presence of the universality in a much wider scope of models than conventional understanding. Thus our results provide a broad guiding framework to facilitate the experimental realization of 1DTFIM universality in real materials.

cond-mat.str-el↗

arXiv2019

Quantum Critical Dynamics of a Heisenberg-Ising Chain in a Longitudinal Field: Many-Body Strings versus Fractional Excitations

We report a high-resolution terahertz spectroscopic study of quantum spin dynamics in the antiferromagnetic Heisenberg-Ising spin-chain compound BaCo$_2$V$_2$O$_8$ as a function of temperature and longitudinal magnetic field. Confined spinon excitations are observed in an antiferromagnetic phase below $T_N\simeq 5.5$ K. In a field-induced gapless phase above $B_c=3.8$ T, we identify many-body string excitations as well as low-energy fractional psinon/antipsinon excitations by comparing to Bethe-Ansatz calculations. In the vicinity of $B_c$, the high-energy string excitations are found to be dynamically dominant over the fractional excitations.

cond-mat.str-el↗

arXiv2018

D-wave superconductivity induced by proximity to the non-uniform chiral spin liquid on a square lattice

We use the tensor network algorithm to show evidences of a non-uniform chiral spin-liquid (CSL) ground state in a frustrated spin-1/2 model on a square lattice, in the regime of moat-like band structure of the lattice, i.e., a band with infinitely degenerate energy minima attained along a closed contour in the Brillouin zone. The analytical description of the state is given by the effective field theory of a topological square-lattice fermionic Chern insulator coupled to the Chern-Simons gauge field. The observed non-uniform CSL has a substantial effect on a nearby free-fermion environment. We show that, in the presence of arbitrarily small spin exchange interaction, the CSL can endow a gauge-field-modulated effective interaction between the environmental fermions. The induced effective interaction can be attractive within a significant parameter region, leading to an instability towards d-wave superconductivity in the fermionic bath.

cond-mat.str-el↗

arXiv2017

Frustrated Magnetism of Dipolar Molecules on a Square Optical Lattice: Prediction of a Quantum Paramagnetic Ground State

Motivated by the experimental realization of quantum spin models of polar molecule KRb in optical lattices, we analyze the spin 1/2 dipolar Heisenberg model with competing anisotropic, long-range exchange interactions. We show that, by tilting the orientation of dipoles using an external electric field, the dipolar spin system on square lattice comes close to a maximally frustrated region similar, but not identical, to that of the $J_1$-$J_2$ model. This provides a simple yet powerful route to potentially realize a quantum spin liquid without the need for a triangular or kagome lattice. The ground state phase diagrams obtained from Schwinger-boson and spin-wave theories consistently show a spin disordered region between the N$\acute{\textrm{e}}$el, stripe, and spiral phase. The existence of a finite quantum paramagnetic region is further confirmed by an unbiased variational ansatz based on tensor network states and a tensor renormalization group.

cond-mat.quant-gas↗

arXiv2016

A continuum of compass spin models on the honeycomb lattice

Quantum spin models with spatially dependent interactions, known as compass models, play an important role in the study of frustrated quantum magnetism. One example is the Kitaev model on the honeycomb lattice with spin-liquid ground states and anyonic excitations. Another example is the geometrically frustrated quantum $120^\circ$ model on the same lattice whose ground state has not been unambiguously established. To generalize the Kitaev model beyond the exactly solvable limit and connect it with other compass models, we propose a new model, dubbed "the tripod model", which contains a continuum of compass-type models. It smoothly interpolates the Ising model, the Kitaev model, and the quantum $120^\circ$ model by tuning a single parameter $θ'$, the angle between the three legs of a tripod in the spin space. Hence it not only unifies three paradigmatic spin models, but also enables the study of their quantum phase transitions. We obtain the phase diagram of the tripod model numerically by tensor networks in the thermodynamic limit. We show that the ground state of the quantum $120^\circ$ model has long-range dimer order. Moreover, we find an extended spin-disordered (spin-liquid) phase between the dimer phase and an antiferromagnetic phase. The unification and solution of a continuum of frustrated spin models as outline here may be useful to exploring new domains of other quantum spin or orbital models.

cond-mat.quant-gas↗

arXiv2015

Approaching conformality with the Tensor Renormalization Group method

We discuss the Tensor Renormalization Group (TRG) method for the O(2) model with a chemical potential in 1+1 dimensions with emphasis on near gapless/conformal situations. We emphasize the role played by the late Leo Kadanoff in the development of this theoretical framework. We describe the entanglement entropy in the superfluid phase (see arXiv:1507.01471 for details). We present recent progress on optimized truncation methods.

hep-lat↗

arXiv2015

The fine structure of the entanglement entropy in the classical XY model

We compare two calculations of the particle density in the superfluid phase of the classical XY model with a chemical potential $μ$ in 1+1 dimensions.The first relies on exact blocking formulas from the Tensor Renormalization Group (TRG) formulation of the transfer matrix. The second is a worm algorithm. We show that the particle number distributions obtained with the two methods agree well. We use the TRG method to calculate the thermal entropy and the entanglement entropy. We describe the particle density, the two entropies and the topology of the world lines as we increase $μ$ to go across the superfluid phase between the first two Mott insulating phases. For a sufficiently large temporal size, this process reveals an interesting fine structure: the average particle number and the winding number of most of the world lines in the Euclidean time direction increase by one unit at a time. At each step, the thermal entropy develops a peak and the entanglement entropy increases until we reach half-filling and then decreases in a way that approximately mirror the ascent. This suggests an approximate fermionic picture.

cond-mat.stat-mech↗

arXiv2014

Progress towards quantum simulating the classical O(2) model

We connect explicitly the classical $O(2)$ model in 1+1 dimensions, a model sharing important features with $U(1)$ lattice gauge theory, to physical models potentially implementable on optical lattices and evolving at physical time. Using the tensor renormalization group formulation, we take the time continuum limit and check that finite dimensional projections used in recent proposals for quantum simulators provide controllable approximations of the original model. We propose two-species Bose-Hubbard models corresponding to these finite dimensional projections at strong coupling and discuss their possible implementations on optical lattices using a $^{87}$Rb and $^{41}$K Bose-Bose mixture.

hep-lat↗

arXiv2014

Tensor renormalization group study of the 2d O(3) model

We present our progress on a study of the $O(3)$ model in two-dimensions using the Tensor Renormalization Group method. We first construct the theory in terms of tensors, and show how to construct $n$-point correlation functions. We then give results for thermodynamic quantities at finite and infinite volume, as well as 2-point correlation function data. We discuss some of the advantages and challenges of tensor renormalization and future directions in which to work.

hep-lat↗

arXiv2014

Sampling versus Blocking

The idea of blocking in configuration space has played an important role in the development of the RG ideas. However, despite being half a century old and having had a huge intellectual impact, generic numerical methods to perform blocking for lattice models have progressed more slowly than sampling methods. Blocking may be essential to deal with near conformal situations. Typically, blocking methods have smaller statistical errors but larger systematic errors than sampling methods. This situation is evolving with recent developments based on the Tensor RG (TRG) method. We report recent results for spin and gauge lattice models obtained with this new method regarding searches for fixed points, calculations of critical exponents and resolutions of sign problems. An interesting model for comparison is the 2-dimensional O(2) model with a chemical potential which has a sign problem with conventional Monte Carlo but allows sampling with the worm algorithm and blocking with various TRG formulations. We compare the efficiency and accuracy of these two methods.

hep-lat↗

arXiv2013

Comparing Tensor Renormalization Group and Monte Carlo calculations for spin and gauge models

We show that the Tensor Renormalization Group (TRG) method can be applied to O(N) spin models, principal chiral models and pure gauge theories (Z2, U(1) and SU(2)) on (hyper) cubic lattices. We explain that contrarily to some common belief, it is very difficult to write compact formulas expressing the blockspinning of lattice models. We show that in contrast to other approaches, the TRG formulation allows us to write exact blocking formulas with numerically controllable truncations. The basic reason is that the TRG blocking separates neatly the degrees of freedom inside the block and which are integrated over, from those kept to communicate with the neighboring blocks. We argue that the TRG is a method that can handle large volumes, which is crucial to approach quasi-conformal systems. The method can also get rid of some sign problems. We discuss recent results regarding the critical properties of the 2D O(2) nonlinear sigma model with complex beta and chemical potential. As some of these results appeared in a recently published paper (PRD 88, 056005) and two recent preprints (arXiv:1309.4963 and arXiv:1309.6623), these proceedings rather emphasize the conceptual aspects of our ongoing effort.

hep-lat↗

arXiv2013

Controlling sign problems in spin models using tensor renormalization

We consider the sign problem for classical spin models at complex $β=1/g_0^2$ on $L\times L$ lattices. We show that the tensor renormalization group method allows reliable calculations for larger Im$β$ than the reweighting Monte Carlo method. For the Ising model with complex $β$ we compare our results with the exact Onsager-Kaufman solution at finite volume. The Fisher zeros can be determined precisely with the TRG method. We check the convergence of the TRG method for the O(2) model on $L\times L$ lattices when the number of states $D_s$ increases. We show that the finite size scaling of the calculated Fisher zeros agrees very well with the Kosterlitz-Thouless transition assumption and predict the locations for larger volume. The location of these zeros agree with Monte Carlo reweighting calculation for small volume. The application of the method for the O(2) model with a chemical potential is briefly discussed.

hep-lat↗

arXiv2013

Tensor renormalization group study of classical XY model on the square lattice

Using the tensor renormalization group method based on the higher-order singular value decom- position, we have studied the thermodynamic properties of the continuous XY model on the square lattice. The temperature dependence of the free energy, the internal energy and the specific heat agree with the Monte Carlo calculations. From the field dependence of the magnetic susceptibility, we find the Kosterlitz-Thouless transition temperature to be 0.8921 \pm 0.0019, consistent with the Monte Carlo as well as the high temperature series expansion results. At the transition temperature, the critical exponent δis estimated as 14.5, close to the analytic value by Kosterlitz.

cond-mat.stat-mech↗

arXiv2013

Exact blocking formulas for spin and gauge models

Using the example of the two-dimensional (2D) Ising model, we show that in contrast to what can be done in configuration space, the tensor renormalization group (TRG) formulation allows one to write exact, compact, and manifestly local blocking formulas and exact coarse grained expressions for the partition function. We argue that similar results should hold for most models studied by lattice gauge theorists. We provide exact blocking formulas for several 2D spin models (the O(2) and O(3) sigma models and the SU(2) principal chiral model) and for the 3D gauge theories with groups Z_2, U(1) and SU(2). We briefly discuss generalizations to other groups, higher dimensions and practical implementations.

hep-lat↗

arXiv2012

Fisher zeros and conformality in lattice models

Fisher zeros are the zeros of the partition function in the complex beta=2N_c/g^2 plane. When they pinch the real axis, finite size scaling allows one to distinguish between first and second order transition and to estimate exponents. On the other hand, a gap signals confinement and the method can be used to explore the boundary of the conformal window. We present recent numerical results for 2D O(N) sigma models, 4D U(1) and SU(2) pure gauge and SU(3) gauge theory with N_f=4 and 12 flavors. We discuss attempts to understand some of these results using analytical methods. We discuss the 2-lattice matching and qualitative aspects of the renormalization group (RG) flows in the Migdal-Kadanoff approximation, in particular how RG flows starting at large beta seem to move around regions where bulk transitions occur. We consider the effects of the boundary conditions on the nonperturbative part of the average energy and on the Fisher zeros for the 1D O(2) model.

hep-lat↗

arXiv2012

Comparison of Improved Perturbative Methods

In many cases of interest, the perturbative series based on conventional Feynman diagrams have a zero radius of convergence. Series with a finite radius of convergence can be obtained by either introducing a large field cutoff or by replacing the exponential of the perturbation by a sequence of approximants as recently proposed by Pollet, Prokof'ev, and Svistunov. We compare these two methods for integrals and quantum mechanical problems. The two methods perform well in complementary regime (strong coupling for the large field cutoff and intermediate coupling for the other method). We briefly discuss potential applications for lattice gauge theory with compact groups (which have a build-in large field cutoff).

hep-lat↗

arXiv2011

Volume Effects in Discrete beta functions

We calculate discrete beta functions corresponding to the two-lattice matching for the 2D O(N) models and Dyson's hierarchical model. We describe and explain finite-size effects such as the appearance of a nontrivial infrared fixed point that goes to infinity at infinite volume or the merging of an infrared and an ultraviolet fixed point. We present extensions of the RG flows to the complex coupling plane. We discuss the possibility of constructing a continuous beta function from the discrete one by using functional conjugation methods. We briefly discuss the relevance of these findings for the search of nontrivial fixed points in multiflavor lattice gauge theory models.

hep-lat↗

arXiv2011

Fisher's zeros, complex RG flows and confinement in LGT models

The zeros of the partition function in the complex beta plane (Fisher's zeros) play an important role in our understanding of phase transitions and RG flows. Recently, we argued that they act as gates or separatrices for complex RG flows. Using histogram reweighting to construct the density of states, we calculate the Fisher's zeros for pure gauge SU(2) and U(1) on L^4 lattices. For SU(2), these zeros appear to move almost horizontally when the volume increases. They stay away from the real axis which indicates a confining theory at zero temperature. We discuss the effect of an adjoint term on these results. In contrast, using recent multicanonical simulations for the U(1) model for L up to 8 we find that the zeros pinch the real axis near beta =1.0113. Preliminary results concerning U(1) at larger volumes, SU(3) with 3 light flavors and plans to delimit the boundary of the conformal window are briefly discussed.

hep-lat↗