arXiv subjects

Hans D. Schotten

Publications and source records attributed to Hans D. Schotten.

At least 217 records · Page 12Linked to original sources

arXiv2018

Security Solutions for Local Wireless Networks in Control Applications based on Physical Layer Security

The Design of new wireless communication systems for industrial applications, e.g. control applications, is currently a hot research topic, as they deal as a key enabler for more flexible solutions at a lower cost compared to systems based on wired communication. However, one of their main drawbacks is, that they provide a huge potential for miscellaneous cyber attacks due to the open nature of the wireless channel in combination with the huge economic potential they are able to provide. Therefore, security measures need to be taken into account for the design of such systems. Within this work, an approach for the security architecture of local wireless systems with respect to the needs of control applications is presented and discussed. Further, new security solutions based on Physical Layer Security are introduced in order to overcome the drawbacks of state of the art security technologies within that scope.

cs.NI↗

arXiv2018

Slice as an Evolutionary Service: Genetic Optimization for Inter-Slice Resource Management in 5G Networks

In the context of Fifth Generation (5G) mobile networks, the concept of "Slice as a Service" (SlaaS) promotes mobile network operators to flexibly share infrastructures with mobile service providers and stakeholders. However, it also challenges with an emerging demand for efficient online algorithms to optimize the request-and-decision-based inter-slice resource management strategy. Based on genetic algorithms, this paper presents a novel online optimizer that efficiently approaches towards the ideal slicing strategy with maximized long-term network utility. The proposed method encodes slicing strategies into binary sequences to cope with the request-and-decision mechanism. It requires no a priori knowledge about the traffic/utility models, and therefore supports heterogeneous slices, while providing solid effectiveness, good robustness against non-stationary service scenarios, and high scalability.

cs.NE↗

arXiv2018

A Fast Blind Impulse Detector for Bernoulli-Gaussian Noise in Underspread Channel

The Bernoulli-Gaussian (BG) model is practical to characterize impulsive noises that widely exist in various communication systems. To estimate the BG model parameters from noise measurements, a precise impulse detection is essential. In this paper, we propose a novel blind impulse detector, which is proven to be fast and accurate for BG noise in underspread communication channels.

eess.SP↗

arXiv2018

5G Island for Network Resilience and Autonomous Failsafe Operations

The resilience of 5G networks can be strongly challenged by central cloud virtual network function (VNF) outages, which can be cause by server and backhaul connection errors. This paper proposes a context-aware approach to migrate VNF from central cloud to local edge cloud, in order to improve the network resilience with minimized VNF migration cost.

cs.NI↗

arXiv2018

Wireless Communication for Modular Production Facilities

The growing demand for individualized products leads to need for a more flexible production of goods. This paper introduces the use cases that make up modular production facilities and states their requirements. Already available technologies like Bluetooth (classic and LE), ZigBee, IEEE 802.11 (n and ah) and 4G cellular technologies (3GPP release 8, eMTC and NB-IoT) are evaluated. Furthermore, possible future technologies like 5G NR and private cellular networks are discussed.

cs.NI↗

arXiv2018

AMMCOA - Nomadic 5G Private Networks

This paper presents ideas and concepts for interconnected off-road vehicles, like harvesters or tandem rollers, which span a mobile network by themselves to be, to some extent, independent from the network infrastructure. Multiple RATs are used to cover a variety of use cases, including mmW technology for short range high bandwidth communication and ranging. The AMMCOA Project aims at providing connectivity in areas where the infrastructure network is either at long range distances or out off range entirely. In this case, for certain network services, like authentication of UEs, to be available, some of the core network functionalities have to be instantiated locally. This effectively turns the local network into a light version of a core network. In this paper we give an overview of the project's use cases, their requirements, the architectural idea of a local autonomous network (Trust Zone, 5G Island, 5G Private Networks) and the AMMCOA network architecture envisioned so far.

cs.NI↗

arXiv2018

Towards a Flexible Architecture for Industrial Networking

The digitalization of manufacturing processes is expected to lead to a growing interconnection of production sites, as well as machines, tools and work pieces. In the course of this development, new use-cases arise which have challenging requirements from a communication technology point of view. In this paper we propose a communication network architecture for Industry 4.0 applications, which combines new 5G and non-cellular wireless network technologies with existing (wired) fieldbus technologies on the shop floor. This architecture includes the possibility to use private and public mobile networks together with local networking technologies to achieve a flexible setup that addresses many different industrial use cases. It is embedded into the Industrial Internet Reference Architecture and the RAMI4.0 reference architecture. The paper shows how the advancements introduced around the new 5G mobile technology can fulfill a wide range of industry requirements and thus enable new Industry 4.0 applications. Since 5G standardization is still ongoing, the proposed architecture is in a first step mainly focusing on new advanced features in the core network, but will be developed further later.

cs.NI↗

arXiv2018

An AI-driven Malfunction Detection Concept for NFV Instances in 5G

Efficient network management is one of the key challenges of the constantly growing and increasingly complex wide area networks (WAN). The paradigm shift towards virtualized (NFV) and software defined networks (SDN) in the next generation of mobile networks (5G), as well as the latest scientific insights in the field of Artificial Intelligence (AI) enable the transition from manually managed networks nowadays to fully autonomic and dynamic self-organized networks (SON). This helps to meet the KPIs and reduce at the same time operational costs (OPEX). In this paper, an AI driven concept is presented for the malfunction detection in NFV applications with the help of semi-supervised learning. For this purpose, a profile of the application under test is created. This profile then is used as a reference to detect abnormal behaviour. For example, if there is a bug in the updated version of the app, it is now possible to react autonomously and roll-back the NFV app to a previous version in order to avoid network outages.

cs.NI↗

arXiv2018

Multi-RATs Support to Improve V2X Communication

As the next generation of wireless system targets at providing a wider range of services with divergent QoS requirements, new applications will be enabled by the fifth generation (5G) network. Among the emerging applications, vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communication is an important use case targeted by 5G to enable an improved traffic safety and traffic efficiency. Since the V2X communication requires a low end-to-end (E2E) latency and an ultra-high reliability, the legacy cellular networks can not meet the service requirement. In this work, we inspect on the system performance of applying the LTE-Uu and PC5 interfaces to enable the V2X communication. With the LTE-Uu interface, one V2X data packet is transmitted through the cellular network infrastructure, while the PC5 interface facilitates the direct V2X communication without involving the network infrastructure in user-plane. In addition, due to the high reliability requirement, the application of a single V2X transmission technology can not meet the targets in some scenarios. Therefore, we also propose a multi-radio access technologies (multi-RATs) scheme where the data packet travels through both the LTE-Uu and PC5 interfaces to obtain a diversity gain. Last but not least, in order to derive the system performance, a system level simulator is implemented in this work. The numerical results provide us insights on how the different technologies will perform in different scenarios and also validate the proposed multi-RATs scheme.

cs.NI↗

arXiv2018

On Partly Overloaded Spreading Sequences with Variable Spreading Factor

Future wireless communications systems are expected to support multi-service operation, i.e. especially multi-rate as well as multi-level quality of service (QoS) requirements. This evolution is mainly driven by the success of the Internet of Things (IoT) and the growing presence of machine type communication (MTC). Whereas in the last years information in wireless communication systems was mainly generated or at least requested by humans and was also processed by humans, we can now see a paradigm shift since so-called machine type communication is gaining growing importance. Along with these changes we also encounter changes regarding the quality of service requirements, data rate requirements, latency constraints, different duty cycles et cetera. The challenge for new communication systems will therefore be to enable different user types and their different requirements efficiently. In this paper, we present partly overloaded spreading sequences, i.e. sequences which are globally orthogonal and sequences which interfere with a subset of sequences while being orthogonal to the globally orthogonal sequences. Additionally, we are able to vary the spreading factor of these sequences, which allows us to flexibly assign appropriate sequences to different service types or user types respectively. We propose the use of these sequences for a CDMA channel access method which is able to flexibly support different traffic types.

eess.SP↗

arXiv2017

Application of Machine Learning for Channel based Message Authentication in Mission Critical Machine Type Communication

The design of robust wireless communication systems for industrial applications such as closed loop control processes has been considered manifold recently. Additionally, the ongoing advances in the area of connected mobility have similar or even higher requirements regarding system reliability and availability. Beside unfulfilled reliability requirements, the availability of a system can further be reduced, if it is under attack in the sense of violation of information security goals such as data authenticity or integrity. In order to guarantee the safe operation of an application, a system has at least to be able to detect these attacks. Though there are numerous techniques in the sense of conventional cryptography in order to achieve that goal, these are not always suited for the requirements of the applications mentioned due to resource inefficiency. In the present work, we show how the goal of message authenticity based on physical layer security (PHYSEC) can be achieved. The main idea for such techniques is to exploit user specific characteristics of the wireless channel, especially in spatial domain. Additionally, we show the performance of our machine learning based approach and compare it with other existing approaches.

cs.NI↗

arXiv2017

Physical Layer Authentication for Mission Critical Machine Type Communication using Gaussian Mixture Model based Clustering

The application of Mission Critical Machine Type Communication (MC-MTC) in wireless systems is currently a hot research topic. Wireless systems are considered to provide numerous advantages over wired systems in e.g. industrial applications such as closed loop control. However, due to the broadcast nature of the wireless channel, such systems are prone to a wide range of cyber attacks. These range from passive eavesdropping attacks to active attacks like data manipulation or masquerade attacks. Therefore it is necessary to provide reliable and efficient security mechanisms. Some of the most important security issues in such a system are to ensure integrity as well as authenticity of exchanged messages over the air between communicating devices. In the present work, an approach on how to achieve this goal in MC-MTC systems based on Physical Layer Security (PHYSEC) is presented. A new method that clusters channel estimates of different transmitters based on a Gaussian Mixture Model is applied for that purpose. Further, an experimental proof-of-concept evaluation is given and we compare the performance of our approach with a mean square error based detection method.

cs.NI↗

arXiv2017

Providing Physical Layer Security for Mission Critical Machine Type Communication

The design of wireless systems for Mission Critical Machine Type Communication (MC-MTC) is currently a hot research topic. Wireless systems are considered to provide numerous advantages over wired systems in industrial applications for example. However, due to the broadcast nature of the wireless channel, such systems are prone to a wide range of cyber attacks. These range from passive eavesdropping attacks to active attacks like data manipulation or masquerade attacks. Therefore it is necessary to provide reliable and efficient security mechanisms. One of the most important security issue in such a system is to ensure integrity as well as authenticity of exchanged messages over the air between communicating devices in order to prohibit active attacks. In the present work, an approach on how to achieve this goal in MC-MTC systems based on Physical Layer Security (PHYSEC), especially a new method based on keeping track of channel variations, will be presented and a proof-of-concept evaluation is given.

cs.NI↗

arXiv2017

Device-centric Energy Optimization for Edge Cloud Offloading

A wireless system is considered, where, computationally complex algorithms are offloaded from user devices to an edge cloud server, for the purpose of efficient battery usage. The main focus of this paper is to characterize and analyze, the trade-off between the energy consumed for processing the data locally, and for offloading. An analytical framework is presented, that minimizes the in-device energy consumption, by providing an optimal offloading decision for multiple user devices. A closed form solution is obtained for the offloading decision. The solution also provides the amount of computational data that should be offloaded, for the given computational and communication resources. Consequently, reduction in the energy consumption is observed.

cs.DC↗

arXiv2017

Cyber-Automotive Simulation and Evaluation Platform for Vehicular Value Added Services

An easily moving and safe transportation is an indicator in any country in the world of economic growth and well-being. For the past 100 years, innovation within the automotive sector has brought major technological advances leading to safer, cleaner and more affordable vehicles. But for the most time since the inception of the moving assembly line for vehicle production by Henry Ford, the changes have been incremental / evolutionary. Thanks to the new possibilities due to the IT / wireless revolution, the automotive industry appears to be on the cusp of revolutionary change with potential to dramatically reshape not just the competitive landscape but also the way we interact with vehicles, and indeed the future design of our roads and cities. Apart from connected personal mobility, vehicles are also envisioned to provide Value Added Services (VAS) such as autonomous driving via Vehicle-to-Vehicle (V2V) and Vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I), electric load balancing via Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G) solutions, communication solutions using Visible Light Communications (VLC) etc. The development and evaluation of vehicular VAS requires a modular and scalable multidisciplinary simulation platform. In this paper we propose a novel simulation platform named Cyber-Automotive Simulation \& Evaluation Platform (CASEP). The purpose of CASEP is to evaluate and visualize the gains of various vehicular VAS with special emphasis on commercial vehicle VAS. The use cases are evaluated with respect to the mission-specific performance indicators, thereby providing usable metrics for optimization. The visualization platform is being developed using the UNITY 3D engine, thereby enabling intuitive interaction as in real physics-based games

cs.CY↗

arXiv2017

A 3D Human Body Blockage Model for Outdoor Millimeter-Wave Cellular Communication

Blocking is one of the most important challenges in exploiting millimeter-wave for fifth-generation (5G) cellular communication systems. Compared to blockages caused by buildings or terrains, human body blockage exhibits a higher complexity due to the mobility and dynamic statistics of humans. To support development of outdoor millimeter-wave cellular systems, in this paper we present a novel 3D physical model of human body blockage. Based on the proposed model, the impact of human body blockage on frame-based data transmission is discussed, with respect to the system specifications and environment conditions.

cs.IT↗

arXiv2017

A Profit-Maximizing Strategy of Network Resource Management for 5G Tenant Slices

Supported by the emerging technologies of Network Function Virtualization (NFV) and network slicing, 5G networks allow tenants to rent resources from mobile network operators (MNOs) in order to provide services without possessing an own network infrastructure. The MNOs are therefore facing the problem of deciding if to accept or decline the resource renting requests they receive. This paper builds a stochastic model that describes the MNO's revenue and opportunity cost of accepting a contract, and therewith proposes a strategy that is analytically derived to maximize the expected profit at every decision.

cs.NI↗

arXiv2017

Security Trust Zone in 5G Networks

Fifth Generation (5G) telecommunication system is going to deliver a flexible radio access network (RAN). Security functions such as authorization, authentication and accounting (AAA) are expected to be distributed from central clouds to edge clouds. We propose a novel architectural security solution that applies to 5G networks. It is called Trust Zone (TZ) that is designed as an enhancement of the 5G AAA in the edge cloud. TZ also provides an autonomous and decentralized security policy for different tenants under variable network conditions. TZ also initiates an ability of disaster cognition and extends the security functionalities to a set of flexible and highly available emergency services in the edge cloud.

cs.NI↗