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Hao-Hsuan Chen

Publications and source records attributed to Hao-Hsuan Chen.

7 recordsLinked to original sources

Gaming-Resistant Insurance Contracts for Autonomous AI Agents: Strategy-Proof Toll Mechanism Design

Paper A defines a time-consistent actuarial runtime that prices each side-effect-bearing action against a contractually fixed safe default and gates execution against a reserve budget. It treats the operator as passive. This paper makes the operator strategic. We characterise a five-attack space for autonomous AI-agent insurance contracts and prove when the actuarial runtime is gaming-resistant. Two attack surfaces -- post-toll safe-default selection and within-boundary action splitting -- are closed by Paper A's minimal-authority and no-splitting clauses. The remaining three require new contract clauses. First, common-control aggregation prevents cross-boundary re-routing from reducing toll below the boundary potential applied to total exposure. Second, interface failures such as invalid JSON are contract-relevant events, not safety wins: treating them as zero-toll safe defaults can reward unreliable models, while escalation fees reverse the incentive. We validate this interface-compliance theorem on committed cross-model traces from the companion empirical paper. Third, a model-identity menu with a componentwise-minimum penalty schedule makes truthful reporting of the deployed model weakly dominant. We then compose these clauses with Paper A's runtime guarantees to obtain joint incentive compatibility over the five-attack space. Finally, a two-parameter premium family discharges operator individual rationality and weak budget balance at the truthful equilibrium. The result is an incentive-compatibility layer for actuarial control of autonomous-agent side effects.

cs.GT↗

Foundations of a Time-Consistent Counterfactual Actuarial Runtime for Autonomous AI Agents

We propose a foundational runtime actuarial layer for autonomous AI agents in which every side-effect-bearing action carries a time-consistent, counterfactual risk toll computed against a contractually fixed safe default, inside an explicit underwriting boundary. The framework treats per-action insurance as the primary unit of analysis and replaces post-hoc annual liability cover with a pre-action transaction layer. The paper establishes four structural results: (i) a well-defined counterfactual toll under a chosen safe-default mapping and continuation policy, with explicit non-uniqueness; (ii) a no-splitting property within an underwriting boundary that telescopes path-decomposed actions into a boundary potential, with a corollary tying gaming-resistance to boundary design; (iii) an irreversible-authority premium, split into a strictly positive action-level component and an if-and-only-if characterisation of the set-level robust capital increase; and (iv) a conservative runtime gating theorem that translates high-probability toll envelopes into an executed-action budget guarantee. The result is the mathematical base layer for a broader program: an empirical companion instantiates the runtime through an Actuarial Action Interface and authority-frontier experiments; a mechanism-design companion studies strategic operator incentives and cross-boundary aggregation; and a dynamic-underwriting companion studies experience rating and audit-replay calibration. The present paper states the primitive contract, the toll identity, the within-boundary no-arbitrage result, and the budget guarantee on which those later layers depend.

q-fin.RM↗

Insuring Every Action: An Authority Frontier Framework for Runtime Actuarial Control of Autonomous AI Agents

Autonomous AI agents increasingly issue side-effect-bearing actions: database mutations, refunds, payments, external commitments. We propose the Actuarial Action Interface (AAI), a deterministic runtime contract that prices each such action against a contractually fixed safe default under a time-consistent risk mapping, and gates execution against a per-boundary reserve capital budget. We then develop the Authority Frontier, an evaluation primitive measuring how much autonomous authority the runtime releases at each level of reserve capital. The framework provides (i) a deterministic quote-bind-commit protocol with toll-bounded capability tokens; (ii) a universal seven-class action taxonomy mapping heterogeneous tool calls to comparable authority units; (iii) replay determinism and pathwise reserve coverage under alpha-spending; (iv) cross-domain normalization via full reserve demand C_full and capital metrics Capital@k. We instantiate AAI across four agentic environments (database mutation, customer-service refund, and the public tau-bench retail and airline tool-use traces) and report a live Postgres panel in which three Azure-hosted models propose actions through the same contract. The frontier exhibits a common low-reserve refusal and intermediate-release pattern across domains, with saturation only where the budget grid reaches full reserve demand; required reserve capital varies by 22x (Capital@50 from 289 to 6457). The framework does not force domains into the same shape; it surfaces each domain's actuarial geometry. In the live panel the contract prevents realized loss across all three models at low budget while differing in underwriting persistence under denial: model identity is an actuarial underwriting variable. The contribution is a benchmark-ready evaluation framework for runtime actuarial control of autonomous-agent side effects.

cs.AI↗

Hysteretic Excitation in Non-collinear Antiferromagnetic Spin-Torque Oscillators: A Terminal Velocity Motion Perspective

We present a theoretical framework for non-collinear antiferromagnetic spin torque oscillators (NC-AFM STO) by unifying spin dynamics under the Poisson Bracket formalism. Shifting from traditional torque-based descriptions to an operational symmetry perspective, we develop two complementary viewpoints: a vector perspective identifying infinite degenerate Rigid Body Precession (RBP) states where exchange energy depends solely on the total magnetic momentum, and a particle perspective decomposing dynamics into Center-of-Mass (CM) translation and Relative Motion (RM) oscillation. Using time-dependent rotational and translational transformation techniques, we analytically resolve the rapid (~10 ps) transient evolution into a stable RBP state driven by SOT and damping. We demonstrate that the out-of-plane anisotropy (OPA) lifts the exchange degeneracy, triggering a long-term (~1 ns) oscillatory decay toward a steady state characterized by uniform spin z-components and a 120-degree inter-spin locking angle. This state is accurately governed by our Terminal Velocity Motion (TVM) model [arXiv:2305.14013], where exchange coupling transforms into kinetic energy with a light effective mass. The model precisely predicts SOT-driven transients, hysteretic excitation, and the dynamic phase diagram. Finally, we account for the sub-critical current regime mismatch by identifying a 'Rigid-Body Breaking' effect: a surge in effective friction caused by the self-resonance of RM variables induced by CM translation, mediated by the in-plane anisotropy (IPA).

cond-mat.mes-hall↗

Terminal Velocity Motion Model Used to Analyze the Mutual Phase-locking of STNOs

Using Legendre transformation, a standard theoretical approach extensively used in classical mechanics as well as thermal dynamics, two-dimensional non-linear auto-oscillators including spin torque nano-oscillators (STNOs) can be equivalently expressed either in phase space or in configuration space where all of them can be modeled by terminal velocity motion (TVM) particles. The transformation completely preserves the dynamic information about the canonical momenta, leading to very precise analytical predictions about the phase-locking of a coupled pair of perpendicular to plane STNOs (PERP-STNOs) including dynamical phase diagrams, (un)phase-locked frequencies, phase-locked angles, and transient evolutions, which are all solved based on Newton mechanics. Notably, the TVM model successfully solves the difficulty of the generalized pendulum-like model [Chen \textit{et al}. \textbf{J. Appl. Phys. 130}, 043904 (2021)] failing to make precise predictions for the higher range of current in serial connection. Additionally, how to simply search for the critical currents for phase-locked (PL) and asynchronized (AS) states by numerically simulating the macrospin as well as TVM model, which gets inspired through analyzing the excitations of a forced pendulum, is also supplied here. Therefore, we believe that the TVM model can bring a more intuitive and precise way to explore all types of two-dimensional non-linear auto-oscillators.

cond-mat.mes-hall↗

Hysteretic Mutual Synchronization of PERP-STNO Pairs Analyzed by a Generalized Pendulum-like Model

At present, the Kuramoto model is the standard and widely accepted theoretical approach for analyzing the synchronization of spin-torque nano-oscillators (STNOs) coupled by an interaction. Nevertheless, the oscillatory decaying regime as well as the initial condition (IC)-dependence (hysteretic) that exist in the synchronization of many types of STNOs cannot be explained by this model. In order to more precisely elucidate the physical mechanisms behind the two phenomena, in this paper we develop a generalized pendulum-like model based on the two common features of non-linear auto-oscillators: one is the stability of the amplitude/energy of dynamic states; the other is the non-linear dynamic state energy of oscillators. In this new model, we find that the Newtonian-like particle with sufficient kinetic energy can overcome the barrier of phase-locking potential to evolve into a stable asynchronization (AS) state, leading to the (IC)-dependent synchronization. Furthermore, due to the presence of the kinetic energy, this particle can also oscillate around the minima of the phase-locking potential, leading to the oscillatory decaying regime. Thereby, in this work, we adopt this new model to analyze the IC-dependent mutual synchronization of perpendicularto-plane (PERP)-STNO pairs, and then we suggest that the initial conditions can be controlled to avoid such a phenomenon by using magnetic dipolar coupling.

cond-mat.mes-hall↗

Frequency Modulation and Voltage Locking of the Voltage Controlled Spin Oscillators (VCSOs)

The oscillating frequency of typical Spin Torque Nano Oscillators (STNOs) can be modulated by injected DC current or bias magnetic field. And phase locking of STNOs to an external Radio Frequency (RF) signal can be imposed by AC current or RF bias magnetic field. However, in this study, we have proposed a Voltage Controlled Spin Oscillators (VCSOs) by introducing Voltage Controlled Magnetic Anisotropy (VCMA) effect. The oscillating frequency of VCSOs can be modulated by VCMA voltage as well as injected DC current. Furthermore, we have shown a novel locking mechanism caused by AC VCMA voltage. Both the frequency modulation and voltage locking mechanism are analyzed theoretically by Nonlinear Auto-oscillator theory and verified by numerical simulation. At last, we proposed that by utilizing negative capacitance material to enhance VCMA effect, the locking range for voltage locking can be expanded thus may lead to easy mutual synchronization of multiple VCSOs.

cond-mat.mes-hall↗