arXiv subjects

Haotian Cao

Publications and source records attributed to Haotian Cao.

14 recordsLinked to original sources

arXiv2026

One-point charge correlator as a probe for the odderon

We propose the one-point charge correlator (OPCC) in transversely polarized deep inelastic scattering as a new probe of the spin-dependent odderon. The OPCC is an infrared and collinear safe observable constructed solely from the charge and angular information of final-state charged particles. Because the charge weight is odd under charge conjugation, the contribution of the C-even pomeron to the OPCC vanishes identically in the small-$x$ eikonal limit, whereas the contribution of the C-odd spin-dependent odderon survives. We define a transverse single-spin asymmetry by normalizing the spin-dependent OPCC to the unpolarized charged-hadron one-point energy correlator. At small $x$, this asymmetry reduces to a ratio of spin-dependent odderon and pomeron contributions. We provide illustrative estimates of this asymmetry for Electron-Ion Collider kinematics within the small-$x$ dipole framework with Balitsky--Kovchegov evolution to guide experimental studies. Dedicated measurements of the OPCC asymmetry with a transversely polarized proton beam would provide new quantitative constraints on the currently unconstrained spin-dependent odderon.

hep-ph↗

arXiv2026

Hadronization effects and electroweak contributions in DIS one-jettiness

We study the structure of leading hadronization effects and the contributions of massive electroweak gauge boson exchange in the $τ_1$ and $τ_{1a}$ 1-Jettiness global event shapes for deep inelastic scattering (DIS). The leading hadronization effects in $τ_1$ acquire a non-trivial dependence on the hard scattering kinematics. This kinematic dependence is explicitly calculable, so that the leading hadronization effects in $τ_1$, $τ_{1a}$, and DIS thrust are universal and described by the same underlying shape function. The additional calculable kinematic dependence in $τ_1$ provides an independent lever arm for simultaneously constraining hadronization effects in these observables. We present corresponding results at the N$^3$LL+${\cal O}(α_s^2)$ level of accuracy. We extend previous results by including the contributions mediated by the exchange of the massive $Z$ and $W$ electroweak gauge bosons for neutral current (NC) and charged current (CC) DIS, respectively, including ${\cal O}(α_s)$ QCD corrections to obtain N$^2$LL+${\cal O}(α_s)$ results. We compare theoretical predictions to Pythia simulation and demonstrate the universality of leading hadronization effects across NC and CC DIS processes and a wide range of kinematics relevant to HERA and the EIC.

hep-ph↗

arXiv2026

Three-qubit entanglement in the Bethe-Heitler process

The familiar Bethe-Heitler process on the proton target $e+p\to e+p+γ$ is transformed into a laboratory for studying multiparticle entanglement. We discuss how bipartite and genuine tripartite entanglement between the final state electron, proton and photon are built up by successive $1\to 2$ and $2\to 2$ elementary interactions. We validate our argument by simulating events. Below 5 GeV center-of-mass energy, we identify more than 900 Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger (GHZ) states and 1200 W states, each with a fidelty exceeding 99%.

quant-ph↗

arXiv2026

Universality and Kinematic Dependence of Hadronization Effects in DIS Global Event Shapes

We propose a unified framework for a combined global analysis to constrain leading hadronization effects across the 1-Jettiness class of global event shapes for Deep Inelastic Scattering (DIS). We show that for the subclass of jet-based event shapes where the leading jet direction is determined dynamically event-by-event, the leading hadronization effects can acquire a non-trivial dependence on the hard scattering kinematics. However, this dependence is explicitly calculable, allowing for universality of leading hadronization effects in the 1-Jettiness class. The non-trivial kinematic dependence provides an independent lever arm for simultaneously constraining hadronization effects in the jet-based and DIS thrust event shapes. This universality, combined with the kinematic lever arm, could allow for including the typically ignored peak region, where hadronization effects are most severe, in precision extractions of the strong coupling. We demonstrate the need for such a unified treatment of hadronization effects through comparisons of theoretical predictions with simulation data.

hep-ph↗

arXiv2026

The one-point charge correlator in deep inelastic scattering

In this work, we propose a novel definition of the one-point charge correlator (QC) adapted to the Breit frame in deep-inelastic scattering (DIS). We demonstrate that this observable is infrared and collinear (IRC) safe, ensuring its perturbative calculability. Utilizing soft-collinear effective theory (SCET), we systematically analyze the QC in both the forward and back-to-back limits. In the forward limit, we introduce the nucleon charge correlator as a novel non-perturbative object that encodes the multi-dimensional microscopic structure of the nucleon. In the back-to-back limit, the QC establishes a direct correspondence with transverse momentum-dependent distributions (TMDs), enabling its description within the standard TMD factorization formalism. The singular distributions are derived within SCET and are verified by the full QCD calculations up to $\mathcal{O}(α_s^2)$. The corresponding collinear logarithms are resummed to all orders with the accuracy of NLL (${\cal{O}}(α_s^n L^{n-1})$), while the transverse momentum-dependent logarithms are resummed to all orders with the accuracy of $N^3$LL for the unpolarized distribution and N$^2$LL for the Sivers asymmetry.

hep-ph↗

arXiv2026

Learning Predictive Control with Deep Koopman Operators for Autonomous Vehicle Motion Planning

Model Predictive Control (MPC) is widely used for autonomous-vehicle (AV) motion planning, but its real-time applicability is often limited by the need for accurate models and online solution of nonlinear, nonconvex optimization problems in dynamic road environments. Actor-critic reinforcement learning offers a promising alternative for online policy generation, yet its policy-learning process often lacks explicit control-theoretic structure. This article proposes a learning predictive control (LPC) framework with deep Koopman operators for efficient real-time motion planning under nonconvex constraints. To address nonlinear and uncertain vehicle dynamics, a deep-Koopman-based predictor is used to lift the system into an interpretable linear observable space in a data-driven manner. Unlike traditional MPC, which computes open-loop control sequences, the proposed LPC framework yields a closed-loop state-feedback policy within each prediction interval through receding-horizon actor-critic learning. To ensure safety under nonconvex environmental constraints, LPC constructs convex local surrogate representations of obstacles and defines corresponding potential-field functions. These functions and their gradients are directly embedded into the actor-critic structure, enabling efficient, safety-aware policy learning. Extensive simulations and real-world experiments on the HongQi-EHS3 platform demonstrate favorable performance in diverse obstacle-avoidance scenarios in terms of safety, computational efficiency, and driving comfort, compared with benchmark methods such as CBF-MPC and LMPCC.

cs.RO↗

arXiv2026

Sivers Tomography from Charge and Angle Only

We propose a one-point charge-correlator (OPCC) probe of the Sivers effect in back-to-back deep-inelastic scattering. This measurement uses only the signs and directions of charged tracks, with no calorimetric or particle-identification information required. The observable weights the final state by its electric charge and measures the azimuthal correlation between the charge flow and the transverse spin of the proton. This probe is shown to be IRC finite and admits a factorization involving the usual Sivers distribution and a perturbatively calculable charge-weighted jet function for small transverse seperation $b\ll Λ_{\rm QCD}^{-1}$, with no reliance on non-perturbative fragmentation functions or track functions due to charge conservation. We validate the factorization against the full fixed-order QCD and present resummed predictions at N$^3$LL accuracy for the unpolarized distribution and N$^2$LL for the Sivers asymmetry. The OPCC provides a theoretically clean and simple experimental measurement, and establishes a charge-and-angle measurement paradigm for spin physics at a future Electron-Ion Collider.

hep-ph↗

arXiv2026

Reconstructing conformal field theoretical compositions with Transformers

We study the use of transformers to reconstruct the compositions of tensor products of two-dimensional rational conformal field theories (RCFTs) based on their low-energy spectra. The task is challenging due to its combinatorial nature. The constituent theories are characterized by their central charges and affine Lie algebra labels. We achieve 98% accuracy in recovering the constituents of tensor products theories constructed from Wess-Zumino-Witten models. We further demonstrate that our method generalizes to CFTs with larger central charge and unseen classes of RCFTs by adding a small number of out-of-domain examples. Our results show that transformers are effective at this task and point towards a new tool for bulk reconstruction in AdS/CFT.

hep-th↗

arXiv2025

Single-spin measurements and heavy new physics in the $e^+e^- \to t\bar{t}$ process at an FCC-ee

We investigate the potential of single-spin components of the spin-density matrix in the $e^+ e^- \to t\bar{t}$ process at a future FCC-ee for probing heavy new physics parametrized using the SMEFT framework. We consider the full spectrum of spin observables and the complete angular decomposition of the $t\bar{t}$ production process in our study. We find that single-spin measurements generically provide stronger probes of SMEFT Wilson coefficients than measurements where the $t\bar{t}$ spins are correlated, and that single-spin observables are important for resolving flat directions that can appear in the Wilson-coefficient parameter space.

hep-ph↗

arXiv2024

Knowledge Transfer from Simple to Complex: A Safe and Efficient Reinforcement Learning Framework for Autonomous Driving Decision-Making

A safe and efficient decision-making system is crucial for autonomous vehicles. However, the complexity of driving environments limits the effectiveness of many rule-based and machine learning approaches. Reinforcement Learning (RL), with its robust self-learning capabilities and environmental adaptability, offers a promising solution to these challenges. Nevertheless, safety and efficiency concerns during training hinder its widespread application. To address these concerns, we propose a novel RL framework, Simple to Complex Collaborative Decision (S2CD). First, we rapidly train the teacher model in a lightweight simulation environment. In the more complex and realistic environment, teacher intervenes when the student agent exhibits suboptimal behavior by assessing actions' value to avert dangers. We also introduce an RL algorithm called Adaptive Clipping Proximal Policy Optimization Plus, which combines samples from both teacher and student policies and employs dynamic clipping strategies based on sample importance. This approach improves sample efficiency while effectively alleviating data imbalance. Additionally, we employ the Kullback-Leibler divergence as a policy constraint, transforming it into an unconstrained problem with the Lagrangian method to accelerate the student's learning. Finally, a gradual weaning strategy ensures that the student learns to explore independently over time, overcoming the teacher's limitations and maximizing performance. Simulation experiments in highway lane-change scenarios show that the S2CD framework enhances learning efficiency, reduces training costs, and significantly improves safety compared to state-of-the-art algorithms. This framework also ensures effective knowledge transfer between teacher and student models, even with suboptimal teachers, the student achieves superior performance, demonstrating the robustness and effectiveness of S2CD.

cs.RO↗

arXiv2024

The DIS 1-Jettiness Event Shape at N$^3$LL+${\cal O}(α_s^2)$

We present results for the $τ_1$ and $τ_{1a}$ 1-Jettiness global event shape distributions, for Deep Inelastic Scattering (DIS), at the N$^3$LL + ${\cal O}(α_s^2)$ level of accuracy. These event-shape distributions quantify and characterize the pattern of final state radiation in electron-nucleus collisions. They can be used as a probe of nuclear structure functions, nuclear medium effects in jet production, and for a precision extraction of the QCD strong coupling. The results presented here, along with the corresponding numerical codes, can be used for analyses with HERA data, in EIC simulation studies, and for eventual comparison with real EIC data.

hep-ph↗

arXiv2023

Bjorken $x$ weighted Energy-Energy Correlators from the Target Fragmentation Region to the Current Fragmentation Region

We present the complete spectrum for the Bjorken $x$ weighted Energy-Energy Correlation in the deep inelastic scattering (DIS) process, from the target fragmentation region to the current fragmentation region, in the Breit frame. The corresponding collinear and transverse momentum-dependent logarithms are resummed to all orders with the accuracy of NLL and N$^3$LL, respectively. And the results in the full region are matched with ${\cal O}(α^2_s)$ fixed-order calculation. The final numerical predictions are presented for both EIC and CEBAF kinematics.

hep-ph↗

arXiv2023

The Effects of the Local Environment on a Compact Radio Interferometer I: Cross-coupling in the Tianlai Dish Pathfinder Array

The visibilities measured by radio astronomical interferometers include non-astronomical correlated signals that arise from the local environment of the array. These correlated signals are especially important in compact arrays such as those under development for 21\,cm intensity mapping. The amplitudes of the contaminated visibilities can exceed the expected 21\,cm signal and represent a significant systematic effect. We study the receiver noise radiated by antennas in compact arrays and develop a model for how it couples to other antennas. We apply the model to the Tianlai Dish Pathfinder Array (TDPA), a compact array of 16, 6-m dish antennas. The coupling model includes electromagnetic simulations, measurements with a network analyzer, and measurements of the noise of the receivers. We compare the model to drift-scan observations with the array and set requirements on the level of antenna cross-coupling for 21\,cm intensity mapping instruments. We find that for the TDPA, cross-coupling would have to be reduced by TBD orders of magnitude in order to contribute negligibly to the visibilities.

astro-ph.IM↗

arXiv2023

Towards the Precision Nucleon Energy-Energy Correlator in Lepton-Ion Collisions

The nucleon energy-energy correlator (NEEC) was proposed in 2209.02080 as a new way of studying nucleon intrinsic dynamics. In this work, we present a detailed derivation of the factorization theorem that enables the measurement of the unpolarized NEEC in lepton-ion collisions. As a first step towards a precise measurement of this quantity, we obtained the next-to-leading-logarithmic (NLL, $\sim{\cal O}(α_s^n L^{n-1})$) resummation in a concise analytic form, and predicted the analytic $θ$-angle distribution at ${\cal O}(α^2_s)$. Extending our analytic resummation formula to higher logarithmic accuracy and the factorization theorem to hadron-hadron collisions is straightforward.

hep-ph↗