arXiv subjects
Publications and source records attributed to Haradhan Kundu.
In this work, we have introduced and studied some basic geometric properties of extended weakly symmetric spaces. After classification of this structure we have also established the existence of such a space by presenting a non-trivial example.
As a generalization of the Schwarzschild solution, Vaidya presented a radiating metric to develop a model of the exterior of a star including its radiation field, called Vaidya metric. The present paper deals with the investigation on the curvature properties of Vaidya metric. It is shown that Vaidya metric can be considered as a model of different pseudosymmetric type curvature conditions, namely, $C\cdot C = \frac{m}{r^3} Q(g, C)$, $R\cdot R - Q(S,R) = \frac{m}{r^3} Q(g,C)$ etc. It is also shown that Vaidya metric is Ricci simple, vanishing scalar curvature and its Ricci tensor is Riemann-compatible. As a special case of the main result, we obtain the curvature properties of Schwarzschild metric. Finally, we compare the curvature properties of Vaidya metric with another radiating metric, namely, Ludwig-Edgar pure radiation metric.
The object of the present note is to discuss about the defining condition of weakly cyclic Ricci symmetric manifolds and weakly cyclic $Z$-symmetric manifolds \cite{DMS15} and the existence of such notion by proper examples.
A spacetime denotes a pure radiation field if its energy momentum tensor represents a situation in which all the energy is transported in one direction with the speed of light. In 1989, Wils and later in 1997 Ludwig and Edgar studied the physical properties of pure radiation metrics, which are conformally related to a vacuum spacetime. In the present paper we investigate the curvature properties of special type of pure radiation metrics presented by Ludwig and Edgar. It is shown that such a pure radiation spacetime is semisymmetric, Ricci simple, $R$-space by Venzi and its Ricci tensor is Riemann compatible. It is also proved that its conformal curvature 2-forms and Ricci 1-forms are recurrent. We also present a pure radiation type metric and evaluate its curvature properties along with the form of its energy momentum tensor. It is interesting to note that such pure radiation type metric is $Ein(3)$ and 3-quasi-Einstein. We also find out the sufficient conditions for which this metric represents a generalized pp-wave, pure radiation and perfect fluid. Finally we made a comparison between the curvature properties of Ludwig and Edgar's pure radiation metric and pp-wave metrics.
The main objective of the present paper is to investigate the curvature properties of generalized pp-wave metric. It is shown that generalized pp-wave spacetime is Ricci generalized pseudosymmetric, 2-quasi-Einstein and generalized quasi-Einstein in the sense of Chaki. As a special case it is shown that pp-wave spacetime is semisymmetric, semisymmetric due to conformal and projective curvature tensors, $R$-space by Venzi and satisfies the pseudosymmetric type condition $P\cdot P = -\frac{1}{3}Q(S, P)$. Again we investigate the sufficient condition for which a generalized pp-wave spacetime turns into pp-wave spacetime, pure radiation spacetime, locally symmetric and recurrent. Finally, it is shown that the energy-momentum tensor of pp-wave spacetime is parallel if and only if it is cyclic parallel. And the energy momentum tensor is Codazzi type if it is cyclic parallel but the converse is not true as shown by an example. Finally we make a comparison between the curvature properties of the Robinson-Trautman metric and generalized pp-wave metric.
The object of the present paper is to study the characterization of warped product manifolds satisfying some pseudosymmetric type conditions, especially, due to projective curvature tensor. For this purpose we consider a warped product manifold satisfying the pseudosymmetric type condition $R\cdot R = L_1 Q(g,R) + L_2 Q(S,R)$ and evaluate its characterization theorem. As special cases of $L_1$ and $L_2$ we find out the necessary and sufficient condition for a warped product manifold to satisfy various pseudosymmetric type, such as pseudosymmetry, Ricci generalized pseudosymmetry, semisymmetry due to projective curvature tensor ($P\cdot R = 0$), pseudosymmetry due to projective curvature tensor ($P\cdot R = L Q(g,R)$) etc. Finally we present some suitable examples of warped product manifolds satisfying such pseudosymmetric type conditions.
The projective curvature tensor $P$ is invariant under a geodesic preserving transformation on a semi-Riemannian manifold. It is well known that $P$ is not a generalized curvature tensor and hence it possesses different geometric properties than other generalized curvature tensors. The main object of the present paper is to study some semisymmetric type and pseudosymmetric type curvature restricted geometric structures due to projective curvature tensor. The reduced pseudosymmetric type structures for various Walker type conditions are deduced and the existence of Venzi space is ensured. It is shown that the geometric structures formed by imposing projective operator on a (0,4)-tensor is different from that for the corresponding (1,3)-tensor. Characterization of various semisymmetric type and pseudosymmetric type curvature restricted geometric structures due to projective curvature tensor is obtained on a Riemannian and a semi-Riemannian manifold, and it is shown that some of them reduce to Einstein manifold for the Riemann case. Finally to support our theorems four suitable examples are presented.
The present paper deals with the proper existence of a generalized class of recurrent manifolds, namely, hyper-generalized recurrent manifolds. We have established the proper existence of various generalized notions of recurrent manifolds. For this purpose we have presented a metric and computed its curvature properties and finally we have obtained the existence of a new class of semi-Riemannian manifolds which are non-recurrent but hyper-generalized recurrent, Ricci recurrent, conharmonically recurrent, manifold of recurrent curvature 2-forms and semisymmetric; not weakly symmetric but weakly Ricci symmetric, conformally weakly symmetric and conharmonically weakly symmetric; non-Einstein but Ricci simple; do not satisfy $P\cdot P =0$ but fulfills the condition $P \cdot P = -\frac{1}{3}Q(S, P)$, $P$ being the projective curvature tensor.
Som-Raychaudhuri spacetime is a stationary cylindrical symmetric solution of Einstein field equation corresponding to a charged dust distribution in rigid rotation. The main object of the present paper is to investigate the curvature restricted geometric structures admitting by the Som-Raychaudhuri spacetime and it is shown that such a spacetime is a 2-quasi-Einstein, generalized Roter type, $Ein(3)$ manifold satisfying $R.R = Q(S,R)$, $C\cdot C = \frac{2a^2}{3} Q(g,C)$, and its Ricci tensor is cyclic parallel and Riemann compatible. Finally, we make a comparison between Gödel spacetime and Som-Raychaudhuri spacetime.
In the literature, there are two different notions of pseudosymmetric manifolds, one by Chaki [7] and other by Deszcz [16], and there are many papers related to these notions. The object of the present paper is to deduce necessary and sufficient conditions for a Chaki pseudosymmetric [7] (resp. pseudo Ricci symmetric [8]) manifold to be Deszcz pseudosymmetric (resp. Ricci pseudosymmetric). We also study the necessary and sufficient conditions for a weakly symmetric [58] (resp. weakly Ricci symmetric [59]) manifold by Tamássy and Binh to be Deszcz pseudosymmetric (resp. Ricci pseudosymmetric). We also obtain the reduced form of the defining condition of weakly Ricci symmetric manifolds by Tamássy and Binh [59]. Finally we give some examples to show the independent existence of such types of pseudosymmetry which also ensure the existence of Roter type and generalized Roter type manifolds and the manifolds with recurrent curvature 2-form ([2], [29]) associated to various curvature tensors.
The object of the present paper is to obtain the characterization of a warped product semi-Riemannian manifold with a special type of recurrent like structure, called super generalized recurrent. As consequence of this result we also find out the necessary and sufficient conditions for a warped product manifold to satisfy some other recurrent like structures such as weakly generalized recurrent manifold, hyper generalized recurrent manifold etc. Finally as a support of the main result, we present an example of warped product super generalized recurrent manifold.
To generalize the notion of recurrent manifold, there are various recurrent like conditions in the literature. In this paper we present a recurrent like structure, namely, \textit{super generalized recurrent manifold}, which generalizes both the hyper generalized recurrent manifold and weakly generalized recurrent manifold. The main object of the present paper is to study the geometric properties of super generalized recurrent manifold. Finally to ensure the existence of such structure we present a proper example by a suitable metric.
The main object of the present paper is to study the geometric properties of a generalized Roter type semi-Riemannian manifold, which arose in the way of generalization to find the form of the Riemann-Christoffel curvature tensor $R$. Again for a particular curvature restriction on $R$ and the Ricci tensor $S$ there arise two structures, e. g., local symmetry ($\nabla R = 0$) and Ricci symmetry ($\nabla S = 0$); semisymmetry($R\cdot R =0$) and Ricci semisymmetry ($R\cdot S =0$) etc. In differential geometry there is a very natural question about the equivalency of these two structures. In this context it is shown that generalized Roter type condition is a sufficient condition for various important second order restrictions. Some generalizations of Einstein manifolds are also presented here. Finally the proper existence of both type of manifolds are ensured by some suitable examples.
Generalized Roter type manifold is a generalization of conformally flat manifold as well as Roter type manifold, which gives rise the form of the curvature tensor in terms of algebraic combinations of the fundamental metric tensor and Ricci tensors upto level 2. The object of the present paper is to investigate the characterizations of a warped product manifold to be generalized Roter-type. We also present an example of a warped product manifold which is generalized Roter type but not Roter type, and also an example of a warped product manifold which is Roter type but not conformally flat. These examples ensure the proper existence of such notions.
The main aim of this article is to investigate the geometric structures admitting by the Gödel spacetime which produces a new class of semi-Riemannian manifolds (see Theorem 4.1 and Theorem 4.5). We also consider some extension of Gödel metric (see Example 4.1).
In the literature we see that after introducing a geometric structure by imposing some restrictions on Riemann-Christoffel curvature tensor, the same type structure given by imposing same restriction on other curvature tensors being studied. The main object of the present paper is to study the equivalency of various geometric structures obtained by same restriction imposing on different curvature tensors. In this purpose we present a tensor by combining Riemann-Christoffel curvature tensor, Ricci tensor, the metric tensor and scalar curvature which describe various curvature tensors as its particular cases.