arXiv subjects

Harald Woracek

Publications and source records attributed to Harald Woracek.

26 records · Page 2Linked to original sources

arXiv2019

Canonical systems with discrete spectrum

We study spectral properties of two-dimensional canonical systems $y'(t)=zJH(t)y(t)$, $t\in[a,b)$, where the Hamiltonian $H$ is locally integrable on $[a,b)$, positive semidefinite, and Weyl's limit point case takes place at $b$. We answer the following questions explicitly in terms of $H$: Is the spectrum of the associated selfadjoint operator discrete ? If it is discrete, what is its asymptotic distribution ? Here asymptotic distribution means summability and limit superior conditions relative to comparison functions growing sufficiently fast. Making an analogy with complex analysis, this corresponds to convergence class and type w.r.t.\ proximate orders having order larger than $1$. It is a surprising fact that these properties depend only on the diagonal entries of $H$. In 1968 L.de~Branges posed the following question as a fundamental problem: Which Hamiltonians are the structure Hamiltonian of some\\ de~Branges space ? We give a complete and explicit answer.

math.SP↗

arXiv2018

Termination in Convex Sets of Distributions

Convex algebras, also called (semi)convex sets, are at the heart of modelling probabilistic systems including probabilistic automata. Abstractly, they are the Eilenberg-Moore algebras of the finitely supported distribution monad. Concretely, they have been studied for decades within algebra and convex geometry. In this paper we study the problem of extending a convex algebra by a single point. Such extensions enable the modelling of termination in probabilistic systems. We provide a full description of all possible extensions for a particular class of convex algebras: For a fixed convex subset $D$ of a vector space satisfying additional technical condition, we consider the algebra of convex subsets of $D$. This class contains the convex algebras of convex subsets of distributions, modelling (nondeterministic) probabilistic automata. We also provide a full description of all possible extensions for the class of free convex algebras, modelling fully probabilistic systems. Finally, we show that there is a unique functorial extension, the so-called black-hole extension.

cs.LO↗

arXiv2018

Proper Semirings and Proper Convex Functors

Esik and Maletti introduced the notion of a proper semiring and proved that some important (classes of) semirings -- Noetherian semirings, natural numbers -- are proper. Properness matters as the equivalence problem for weighted automata over a semiring which is proper and finitely and effectively presented is decidable. Milius generalised the notion of properness from a semiring to a functor. As a consequence, a semiring is proper if and only if its associated "cubic functor" is proper. Moreover, properness of a functor renders soundness and completeness proofs for axiomatizations of equivalent behaviour. In this paper we provide a method for proving properness of functors, and instantiate it to cover both the known cases and several novel ones: (1) properness of the semirings of positive rationals and positive reals, via properness of the corresponding cubic functors; and (2) properness of two functors on (positive) convex algebras. The latter functors are important for axiomatizing trace equivalence of probabilistic transition systems. Our proofs rely on results that stretch all the way back to Hilbert and Minkowski.

cs.LO↗

arXiv2015

Bounds on order of indeterminate moment sequences

We investigate the order $ρ$ of the four entire functions in the Nevanlinna matrix of an indeterminate Hamburger moment sequence. We give an upper estimate for $ρ$ which is explicit in terms of the parameters of the canonical system associated with the moment sequence via its three-term recurrence. Under a weak regularity assumption this estimate coincides with a lower estimate, and hence $ρ$ becomes computable. Dropping the regularity assumption leads to examples where upper and lower bounds do not coincide and differ from the order. In particular we provide examples for which the order is different from its lower estimate due to M.S.Livšic.

math.SP↗

arXiv2012

Spectral multiplicity of selfadjoint Schroedinger operators on star-graphs with standard interface conditions

We analyze the singular spectrum of selfadjoint operators which arise from pasting a finite number of boundary relations with a standard interface condition. A model example for this situation is a Schroedinger operator on a star-shaped graph with continuity and Kirchhoff conditions at the interior vertex. We compute the multiplicity of the singular spectrum in terms of the spectral measures of the Weyl functions associated with the single (independently considered) boundary relations. This result is a generalization and refinement of Theorem of I.S. Kac.

math.SP↗

arXiv2012

De Branges' theorem on approximation problems of Bernstein type

The Bernstein approximation problem is to determine whether or not the space of all polynomials is dense in a given weighted $C_0$-space on the real line. A theorem of L. de Branges characterizes non--density by existence of an entire function of Krein class being related with the weight in a certain way. An analogous result holds true for weighted sup--norm approximation by entire functions of exponential type at most $τ$ and bounded on the real axis ($τ>0$ fixed). We consider approximation in weighted $C_0$-spaces by functions belonging to a prescribed subspace of entire functions which is solely assumed to be invariant under division of zeros and passing from $F(z)$ to $\bar{F(\bar z)}$, and establish the precise analogue of de Branges' theorem. For the proof we follow the lines of de Branges' original proof, and employ some results of L. Pitt.

math.CV↗

arXiv2009

Majorization in de Branges spaces I. Representability of subspaces

In this series of papers we study subspaces of de Branges spaces of entire functions which are generated by majorization on subsets $D$ of the closed upper half-plane. The present, first, part is addressed to the question which subspaces of a given de Branges space can be represented by means of majorization. Results depend on the set $D$ where majorization is permitted. Significantly different situations are encountered when $D$ is close to the real axis or accumulates to $i\infty$.

math.CV↗

arXiv2009

Majorization in de Branges spaces II. Banach spaces generated by majorants

This is the second part in a series dealing with subspaces of de Branges spaces of entire function generated by majorization on subsets of the closed upper half-plane. In this part we investigate certain Banach spaces generated by admissible majorants. We study their interplay with the original de Branges space structure, and their geometry. In particular, we will show that, generically, they will be nonreflexive and nonseparable.

math.CV↗