arXiv subjects

Hau-Wen Huang

Publications and source records attributed to Hau-Wen Huang.

27 records · Page 2Linked to original sources

arXiv2020

The Racah Algebra as a Subalgebra of the Bannai-Ito Algebra

Assume that ${\mathbb F}$ is a field with $\operatorname{char}{\mathbb F}\not=2$. The Racah algebra $\Re$ is a unital associative ${\mathbb F}$-algebra defined by generators and relations. The generators are $A$, $B$, $C$, $D$ and the relations assert that $[A,B]=[B,C]=[C,A]=2D$ and each of $[A,D]+AC-BA$, $[B,D]+BA-CB$, $[C,D]+CB-AC$ is central in $\Re$. The Bannai-Ito algebra $\mathfrak{BI}$ is a unital associative ${\mathbb F}$-algebra generated by $X$, $Y$, $Z$ and the relations assert that each of $\{X,Y\}-Z$, $\{Y,Z\}-X$, $\{Z,X\}-Y$ is central in $\mathfrak{BI}$. It was discovered that there exists an ${\mathbb F}$-algebra homomorphism $ζ\colon \Re\to \mathfrak{BI}$ that sends $A \mapsto \frac{(2X-3)(2X+1)}{16}$, $B \mapsto \frac{(2Y-3)(2Y+1)}{16}$, $C \mapsto \frac{(2Z-3)(2Z+1)}{16}$. We show that $ζ$ is injective and therefore $\Re$ can be considered as an ${\mathbb F}$-subalgebra of $\mathfrak{BI}$. Moreover we show that any Casimir element of $\Re$ can be uniquely expressed as a polynomial in $\{X,Y\}-Z$, $\{Y,Z\}-X$, $\{Z,X\}-Y$ and $X+Y+Z$ with coefficients in ${\mathbb F}$.

math.RA↗

arXiv2020

Ihara zeta function, coefficients of Maclaurin series, and Ramanujan graphs

Let $X$ denote a connected $(q+1)$-regular undirected graph of finite order $n$. The graph $X$ is called Ramanujan whenever $$ |λ|\leq 2q^{\frac{1}{2}} $$ for all nontrivial eigenvalues $λ$ of $X$. We consider the variant $Ξ(u)$ of the Ihara zeta function $Z(u)$ of $X$ defined by \begin{gather*} Ξ(u)^{-1} = \left\{ \begin{array}{ll} (1-u)(1-qu)(1-q^{\frac{1}{2}} u)^{2n-2}(1-u^2)^{\frac{n(q-1)}{2}} Z(u) \qquad &\hbox{if $X$ is nonbipartite}, (1-q^2u^2) (1-q^{\frac{1}{2}} u)^{2n-4} (1-u^2)^{\frac{n(q-1)}{2}+1} Z(u) \qquad &\hbox{if $X$ is bipartite}. \end{array} \right. \end{gather*} The function $Ξ(u)$ satisfies the functional equation $Ξ(q^{-1} u^{-1})=Ξ(u)$. Let $\{h_k\}_{k=1}^\infty$ denote the number sequence given by $$ \frac{d}{du}\ln Ξ(q^{-\frac{1}{2}}u) =\sum_{k=0}^\infty h_{k+1} u^k. $$ In this paper we establish the equivalence of the following statements: (i) $X$ is Ramanujan; (ii) $h_k\geq 0$ for all $k\geq 1$; (iii) $h_{k}\geq 0$ for infinitely many even $k\geq 2$. Furthermore we derive the Hasse--Weil bound for the Ramanujan graphs.

math.CO↗

arXiv2020

Finite-dimensional irreducible modules of the universal DAHA of type $(C_1^\vee,C_1)$

Assume that $\mathbb F$ is an algebraically closed field and let $q$ denote a nonzero scalar in $\mathbb F$ that is not a root of unity. The universal DAHA (double affine Hecke algebra) $\mathfrak H_q$ of type $(C_1^\vee,C_1)$ is a unital associative $\mathbb F$-algebra defined by generators and relations. The generators are $\{t_i^{\pm 1}\}_{i=0}^3$ and the relations assert that \begin{gather*} t_it_i^{-1}=t_i^{-1} t_i=1 \quad \hbox{for all $i=0,1,2,3$}; \\ \hbox{$t_i+t_i^{-1}$ is central} \quad \hbox{for all $i=0,1,2,3$}; \\ t_0t_1t_2t_3=q^{-1}. \end{gather*} In this paper we describe the finite-dimensional irreducible $\mathfrak H_q$-modules from many viewpoints and classify the finite-dimensional irreducible $\mathfrak H_q$-modules up to isomorphism. The proofs are carried out in the language of linear algebra.

math.RT↗

arXiv2020

Finite-Dimensional Irreducible Modules of the Racah Algebra at Characteristic Zero

Assume that ${\mathbb F}$ is an algebraically closed field with characteristic zero. The Racah algebra $\Re$ is the unital associative ${\mathbb F}$-algebra defined by generators and relations in the following way. The generators are $A$, $B$, $C$, $D$ and the relations assert that $[A,B]=[B,C]=[C,A]=2D$ and that each of $[A,D]+AC-BA$, $[B,D]+BA-CB$, $[C,D]+CB-AC$ is central in $\Re$. In this paper we discuss the finite-dimensional irreducible $\Re$-modules in detail and classify them up to isomorphism. To do this, we apply an infinite-dimensional $\Re$-module and its universal property. We additionally give the necessary and sufficient conditions for $A$, $B$, $C$ to be diagonalizable on finite-dimensional irreducible $\Re$-modules.

math.RA↗

arXiv2020

The Casimir elements of the Racah algebra

Let $\mathbb{F}$ denote a field with ${\rm char\,}\mathbb{F}\not=2$. The Racah algebra $\mathfrak{R}$ is the unital associative $\mathbb{F}$-algebra defined by generators and relations in the following way. The generators are $A$, $B$, $C$, $D$. The relations assert that $$ [A,B]=[B,C]=[C,A]=2D $$ and each of the elements \begin{gather*} α=[A,D]+AC-BA, \qquad β=[B,D]+BA-CB, \qquad γ=[C,D]+CB-AC \end{gather*} is central in $\mathfrak{R}$. Additionally the element $δ=A+B+C$ is central in $\mathfrak{R}$. The algebra $\mathfrak{R}$ was introduced by Genest-Vinet-Zhedanov. We consider a mild change in their setting to call each element in \begin{equation*} D^2+A^2+B^2 +\frac{(δ+2)\{A,B\}-\{A^2,B\}-\{A,B^2\}}{2} +A (β-δ) +B (δ-α)+\mathfrak{C} \end{equation*} a Casimir element of $\mathfrak{R}$, where $\mathfrak{C}$ is the commutative subalgebra of $\mathfrak{R}$ generated by $α$, $β$, $γ$, $δ$. The main results of this paper are as follows. Each of the following distinct elements is a Casimir element of $\mathfrak{R}$: \begin{align*} Ω_A = D^2 + \frac{B A C +C A B}{2} + A^2 +B γ-C β-A δ, Ω_B = D^2 + \frac{C B A +A B C}{2} + B^2 +C α-A γ-Bδ, Ω_C = D^2 + \frac{A C B +B C A}{2} + C^2 +A β-Bα-Cδ. \end{align*} The set $\{Ω_A,Ω_B,Ω_C\}$ is invariant under a faithful $D_6$-action on $\mathfrak{R}$. Moreover we show that any Casimir element $Ω$ is algebraically independent over $\mathfrak{C}$; if ${\rm char\,}\mathbb{F}=0$ then the center of $\mathfrak{R}$ is $\mathfrak{C}[Ω]$.

math.RA↗

arXiv2019

The universal enveloping algebra of $\mathfrak{sl}_2$ and the Racah algebra

Let $\mathbb{F}$ denote a field with ${\rm char\,}\mathbb{F}\not=2$. The Racah algebra $\Re$ is the unital associative $\mathbb{F}$-algebra defined by generators and relations in the following way. The generators are $A$, $B$, $C$, $D$. The relations assert that \begin{equation*} [A,B]=[B,C]=[C,A]=2D \end{equation*} and each of the elements \begin{gather*} α=[A,D]+AC-BA, \qquad β=[B,D]+BA-CB, \qquad γ=[C,D]+CB-AC \end{gather*} is central in $\Re$. Additionally the element $δ=A+B+C$ is central in $\Re$. In this paper we explore the relationship between the Racah algebra $\Re$ and the universal enveloping algebra $U(\mathfrak{sl}_2)$. Let $a,b,c$ denote mutually commuting indeterminates. We show that there exists a unique $\mathbb{F}$-algebra homomorphism $\natural:\Re\to\mathbb{F}[a,b,c]\otimes_\mathbb{F} U(\mathfrak{sl}_2)$ that sends \begin{eqnarray*} A &\mapsto& a(a+1)\otimes 1+(b-c-a)\otimes x+(a+b-c+1)\otimes y-1\otimes xy, \\ B &\mapsto& b(b+1)\otimes 1+(c-a-b)\otimes y+(b+c-a+1)\otimes z-1\otimes yz, \\ C &\mapsto& c(c+1)\otimes 1+(a-b-c)\otimes z+(c+a-b+1)\otimes x-1\otimes zx, \\ D &\mapsto& 1\otimes (zyx+zx)+ (c+b(c+a-b))\otimes x +(a+c(a+b-c))\otimes y \\ && \qquad+(b+a(b+c-a))\otimes z +\,(b-c)\otimes xy+(c-a)\otimes yz+(a-b)\otimes zx, \end{eqnarray*} where $x,y,z$ are the equitable generators for $U(\mathfrak{sl}_2)$. We additionally give the images of $α,β,γ,δ,$ and certain Casimir elements of $\Re$ under $\natural$. We also show that the map $\natural$ is an injection and thus provides an embedding of $\Re$ into $\mathbb{F}[a,b,c]\otimes U(\mathfrak{sl}_2)$. We use the injection to show that $\Re$ contains no zero divisors.

math.RA↗

arXiv2017

Center of the universal Askey--Wilson algebra at roots of unity

Inspired by a profound observation on the Racah--Wigner coefficients of $U_q(\mathfrak{sl}_2)$, the Askey--Wilson algebras were introduced in the early 1990s. A universal analog $\triangle_q$ of the Askey--Wilson algebras was recently studied. For $q$ not a root of unity, it is known that $Z(\triangle_q)$ is isomorphic to the polynomial ring of four variables. A presentation for $Z(\triangle_q)$ at $q$ a root of unity is displayed in this paper. As an application, a presentation for the center of the double affine Hecke algebra of type $(C_1^\vee,C_1)$ at roots of unity is obtained.

math.QA↗

arXiv2017

A unified approach to the Galois closure problem

In this paper we give a unified approach in categorical setting to the problem of finding the Galois closure of a finite cover, which includes as special cases the familiar finite separable field extensions, finite unramified covers of a connected undirected graph, finite covering spaces of a locally connected topological space, finite étale covers of a smooth projective irreducible algebraic variety, and finite covers of normal varieties. We present two algorithms whose outputs are shown to be desired Galois closures. An upper bound of the degree of the Galois closure under each algorithm is also obtained.

math.NT↗

arXiv2016

An embedding of the universal Askey-Wilson algebra into $U_q(\mathfrak{sl}_2)\otimes U_q(\mathfrak{sl}_2)\otimes U_q(\mathfrak{sl}_2)$

The Askey--Wilson algebras were used to interpret the algebraic structure hidden in the Racah--Wigner coefficients of the quantum algebra $U_q(\mathfrak{sl}_2)$. In this paper, we display an injection of a universal analog $\triangle_q$ of Askey--Wilson algebras into $U_q(\mathfrak{sl}_2)\otimes U_q(\mathfrak{sl}_2)\otimes U_q(\mathfrak{sl}_2)$ behind the application. Moreover we formulate the decomposition rules for $3$-fold tensor products of irreducible Verma $U_q(\mathfrak{sl}_2)$-modules and of finite-dimensional irreducible $U_q(\mathfrak{sl}_2)$-modules into the direct sums of finite-dimensional irreducible $\triangle_q$-modules.

math.QA↗