arXiv subjects

Herve Dole

Publications and source records attributed to Herve Dole.

32 records · Page 2Linked to original sources

arXiv2005

Bringing Science into Schools through Astronomy. Project ASTRO, Tucson

We report our experience in bringing science into US and French classrooms. We participated in the US scientific educational program Project ASTRO. It is based on a partnership between a school teacher and an astronomer. They together design and realize simple and interesting scientific activities for the children to learn and enjoy science. We present four hands-on activities we realized in a 4th-grade class (10 yr-old kids) in Tucson (USA) in 2002-2003. Among the covered topics were: the Solar System, the Sun (helioseismology) and the Galaxies. We also present a similar experience done in two classrooms in 2005, in Chatenay-Malabry (France) in partnership with an amateur astronomy association (Aphelie). This is a pleasant and rewarding activity, extremely well appreciated by the children and the school teachers. It furthermore promotes already at a young age the excitement of science, and provides concrete examples of the scientific methodology.

physics.ed-ph↗

arXiv2005

Dusty Infrared Galaxies: Sources of the Cosmic Infrared Background

The discovery of the Cosmic Infrared Background (CIB) in 1996, together with recent cosmological surveys from the mid-infrared to the millimeter have revolutionized our view of star formation at high redshifts. It has become clear, in the last decade, that a population of galaxies that radiate most of their power in the far-infrared (the so-called ``infrared galaxies'') contributes an important part of the whole galaxy build-up in the Universe. Since 1996, detailed (and often painful) investigations of the high-redshift infrared galaxies have resulted in the spectacular progress covered in this review. We outline the nature of the sources of the CIB including their star-formation rate, stellar and total mass, morphology, metallicity and clustering properties. We discuss their contribution to the stellar content of the Universe and their origin in the framework of the hierarchical growth of structures. We finally discuss open questions for a scenario of their evolution up to the present-day galaxies.

astro-ph↗

arXiv2005

Spitzer view on the evolution of star-forming galaxies from z=0 to z~3

We use a 24 micron selected sample containing more than 8,000 sources to study the evolution of star-forming galaxies in the redshift range from z=0 to z~3. We obtain photometric redshifts for most of the sources in our survey using a method based on empirically-built templates spanning from ultraviolet to mid-infrared wavelengths. The accuracy of these redshifts is better than 10% for 80% of the sample. The derived redshift distribution of the sources detected by our survey peaks at around z=0.6-1.0 (the location of the peak being affected by cosmic variance), and decays monotonically from z~1 to z~3. We have fitted infrared luminosity functions in several redshift bins in the range 0 1.e11 L_sun) to the total SFR density increases steadily from z~0 up to z~2.5, forming at least half of the newly-born stars by z~1.5. Ultraluminous infrared galaxies (L_TIR>1.e12 L_sun) play a rapidly increasing role for z>~1.3.

astro-ph↗

arXiv2005

Cosmic Infrared Background: Resolved, Unresolved and Spitzer Contributions

The Cosmic Infrared Background (CIB) peaks in the Far-Infrared (FIR), and its Spectral Energy Distribution (SED) is now well constrained. Thanks to recent facilities and Spitzer, the populations contributing to the CIB are being characterized: the dominant galaxy contributions to the FIR CIB are Luminous IR galaxies (LIRGs) at 0.5 2. These populations of galaxies experience very high rates of evolution with redshift. Because of confusion, the CIB is (and will remain in some domains) partially resolved and its contributing galaxies SEDs are not well constrained. We discuss all these aspects and show how confusion limits Spitzer observations, and how to overcome it in order to study the unresolved part of the CIB.

astro-ph↗

arXiv2004

The 2-850 micron SED of starforming galaxies

We present preliminary results on a study of the 2--850 micron SEDs of a sample of 30 FIRBACK galaxies selected at 170 micron. These sources are representative of the brightest ~10% of the Cosmic Infrared Background. They are a mixture of mostly local (z<~0.3) starforming galaxies, and a tail of ULIGs that extend up to z~1, and are likely to be a similar population to faint SCUBA sources. We use archival Spitzer IRAC and MIPS data to extend the spectral coverage to the mid-IR regime, resulting in an unprecended (for this redshift range) census of their infrared SEDs. This allows us to study in far greater detail this important population linking the near-IR stellar emission with PAH and thermal dust emission. We do this using a Markov Chain Monte Carlo method, which easily allows for the inclusion of ~6 free parameters, as well as an estimate of parameter uncertainties and correlations.

astro-ph↗

arXiv2004

Studying Distant Infrared-Luminous Galaxies with Spitzer and Hubble

New surveys with the Spitzer space telescope identify distant star-forming and active galaxies by their strong emission at far-infrared wavelengths, which provides strong constraints on these galaxies' bolometric energy. Using early results from Spitzer surveys at 24 micron, we argue that the faint sources correspond to the existence of a population of infrared-luminous galaxies at z > 1 that are not expected from predictions based on previous observations from ISO and IRAS. Combining Spitzer images with deep ground-based optical and Hubble Space Telescope imaging, we discuss the properties of galaxies selected at 24 micron in the region of the Chandra Deep Field South, including redshift and morphological distributions. Galaxies with z < 1 constitute roughly half of the faint 24 micron sources. Infrared-luminous galaxies at these redshifts span a wide variety of normal to strongly interacting/merging morphologies, which suggests that a range of mechanisms produce infrared activity. Large-area, joint surveys between Spitzer and HST are needed to understand the complex relation between galaxy morphology, structure, environment and activity level, and how this evolves with cosmic time. We briefly discuss strategies for constructing surveys to maximize the legacy of these missions.

astro-ph↗

arXiv2004

The cosmic background: evolution of infrared galaxies and dust properties. A lecture dedicated to the memory of Mayo Greenberg

In recent years it became clear that a population of galaxies radiating most of their power in the far-infrared contribute an important part of the whole star formation activity in the universe. These galaxies emit up to 99% of their energy output in the infrared by dust. The optical properties of dust in galaxies are thus very important to understand this population. Mayo Greenberg who has brought many of the ideas underlying our understanding of the physics of interstellar dust has been a pioneer in predicting the important role of organic solid material formed on dust grains in molecular clouds and of potential importance of transient heating of very small particles. It appeared with the ISO data on galaxies and even more today with the first Spitzer data that these mechanisms are important globally for the observations of infrared galaxies at significant redshifts. The understanding of their evolution is one of the keys to the understanding of galaxy built up and evolution.

astro-ph↗

arXiv2004

First Insights into the SWIRE Galaxy Populations

We characterize the SWIRE galaxy populations in the SWIRE validation field within the Lockman Hole, based on the 3.6-24$μ$ Spitzer data and deep U,g',r',r' optical imaging within an area ~1/3 sq. deg for ~16,000 Spitzer-SWIRE sources. The entire SWIRE survey will discover over 2.3 million galaxies at 3.6$μ$m and almost 350,000 at 24$μ$m; ~70,000 of these will be 5-band 3.6-24$μ$ detections. The colors cover a broad range, generally well represented by redshifted spectral energy distributions of known galaxy populations, however significant samples of unusually blue objects in the [3.6-4.5]$μ$m color are found, as well as many objects very red in the 3.6-24$μ$m mid-IR. Nine of these are investigated and are interpreted as star-forming systems, starbursts and AGN from z=0.37 to 2.8, with luminosities from L$_{IR}$=10$^{10.3}$ to 10$^{13.7}$ L$_{\odot}$

astro-ph↗

arXiv2002

ISO and the Cosmic Infrared Background

ISO observed, for the first time to such a high sensitivity level, the mid- and far-infrared universe. A Number of deep surveys were performed to probe the cosmological evolution of galaxies. In this review, I discuss and summarize results of mid-infrared ISOCAM and far-infrared ISOPHOT surveys, and show how our vision of the extragalactic infrared universe has become more accurate. In particular, ISO allowed us to resolve into sources a significant fraction of the Cosmic Infrared Background (CIB) in the mid-infrared, and to probe a fainter population in the far-infrared with the detection of the CIB fluctuations. Together with other wavelength data sets, the nature of ISO galaxies is now in the process of being understood. I also show that the high quality of the ISO data put strong constraints on the scenarios of galaxy evolution. This induced a burst in the development of models, yielding to a more coherent picture of galaxy evolution. I finally emphasize the potential of the ISO data archive in the field of observational cosmology, and describe the next steps, in particular the forthcoming cosmological surveys to be carried out by SIRTF.

astro-ph↗

arXiv2001

FIRBACK: II. Data Reduction and Calibration of the 170 micron ISO Deep Cosmological Survey

We present the final reduction and calibration of the FIRBACK ISOPHOT data. FIRBACK is a deep cosmological survey performed at 170 microns. This paper deals with the ISOPHOT C200 camera with the C160 filter. We review the whole data reduction process and compare our final calibration with DIRBE (for the extended emission) and IRAS (for point sources). The FIRBACK source extraction and galaxy counts is discussed in a companion paper (Dole et al., 2001).

astro-ph↗

arXiv2001

FIRBACK: III. Catalog, Source counts, and cosmological implications of the 170 micron ISO Deep survey

The FIRBACK (Far Infrared BACKground) survey is one of the deepest imaging surveys carried out at 170 microns with ISOPHOT onboard ISO, and is aimed at the study of the structure of the Cosmic Far Infrared Background. This paper provides the analysis of resolved sources. After a validated process of data reduction and calibration, we perform intensive simulations to optimize the source extraction, measure the confusion noise (sigma_c = 45 mJy), and give the photometric and astrometric accuracies. 196 galaxies with flux S > 3 sigma_c are detected in the area of 3.89 square degrees. Counts of sources with flux S > 4 sigma_c present a steep slope of 3.3 +/- 0.6 on a differential "logN-logS" plot between 180 and 500 mJy. As a consequence, the confusion level is high and will impact dramatically on future IR deep surveys. This strong evolution, compared with a slope of 2.5 from Euclidian geometry, is in line with models implying a strongly evolving Luminous Infrared Galaxy population. The resolved sources account for less than 10% of the Cosmic Infrared Background at 170 microns, which is expected to be resolved into sources in the 1 to 10 mJy range.

astro-ph↗

arXiv2000

First detections of FIRBACK sources with SCUBA

The FIRBACK (Far InfraRed BACKground) survey represents the deepest extensive 170 micron images obtained by the ISO satellite. The sources detected comprise about 10% of the Cosmic IR Background (CIB) seen by COBE, and, importantly, were observed at a wavelength near the peak of the CIB. Detailed follow-up of these sources should help pin down the redshifts, Hubble types, and other properties of the galaxies which constitute this background. We have used the Submillimetre Common-User Bolometer Array (SCUBA) instrument on the James Clerk Maxwell Telescope (JCMT) to search for sub-mm emission from a sample of 10 galaxies which are bright at 170 microns and for which we had accurate radio positions. Statistically we detect this sample at both 450 microns (~4 sigma) and 850 microns (~ 7 sigma); individual objects are convincingly detected in four cases at 850 microns, and one case at 450 microns. Fits to simple spectral energy distributions suggest a range of low to moderate redshifts, perhaps z=0 to 1.5 for this FIRBACK sub-sample.

astro-ph↗

arXiv2000

FIRBACK Source Counts and Cosmological Implications

FIRBACK is a one of the deepest surveys performed at 170 microns with ISOPHOT onboard ISO, and is aimed at the study of cosmic far infrared background sources. About 300 galaxies are detected in an area of four square degrees, and source counts present a strong slope of 2.2 on an integral "logN-logS" plot, which cannot be due to cosmological evolution if no K-correction is present. The resolved sources account for less than 10% of the Cosmic Infrared Background at 170 microns. In order to understand the nature of the sources contributing to the CIB, and to explain deep source counts at other wavelengths, we have developed a phenomenological model, which constrains in a simple way the luminosity function evolution with redshift, and fits all the existing deep source counts from the mid-infrared to the submillimetre range. Images, materials and papers available on the FIRBACK web: http://wwwfirback.ias.u-psud.fr wwwfirback.ias.u-psud.fr

astro-ph↗

arXiv1999

FIRBACK Far Infrared Survey with ISO: Data Reduction, Analysis and First Results

FIRBACK is one of the deepest cosmological surveys performed in the far infrared, using ISOPHOT. We describe this survey, its data reduction and analysis. We present the maps of fields at 175 microns. We point out some first results: source identifications with radio and mid infrared, and source counts at 175 microns. These two results suggest that half of the FIRBACK sources are probably at redshifts greater than 1. We also present briefly the large follow-up program.

astro-ph↗