arXiv subjects

Hiroaki Kouno

Publications and source records attributed to Hiroaki Kouno.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources

arXiv2014

Effective model approach to meson screening masses at finite temperature

Temperature dependence of pion and sigma-meson screening masses is evaluated by the Polyakov-loop extended Nambu--Jona-Lasinio (PNJL) model with the entanglement vertex. We propose a practical way of calculating meson screening masses in the NJL-type effective models. The method based on the Pauli-Villars regularization solves the well-known difficulty that the evaluaton of screening masses is not easy in the NJL-type effective models.The PNJL model with the entanglement vertex and the Pauli-Villars regularization well reproduces lattice QCD results on temperature dependence of the chiral condensate and the Polyakov loop. The method is applied to analyze temperature dependence of pion screening mass calculated with state-of-the-art lattice simulations with success in reproducing the lattice QCD results.

hep-ph↗

arXiv2014

Heavy quark potential at finite imaginary chemical potential

We investigate chemical-potential ($μ$) dependence of the static-quark free energies in both the real and imaginary $μ$ regions, using the clover-improved two-flavor Wilson fermion action and the renormalization-group improved Iwasaki gauge action. Static-quark potentials are evaluated from Polyakov-loop correlators in the deconfinement phase and the imaginary $μ=iμ_{\rm I}$ region and extrapolated to the real $μ$ region with analytic continuation. As the analytic continuation, the potential calculated at imaginary $μ=iμ_{\rm I}$ is expanded into a Taylor-expansion series of $iμ_{\rm I}/T$ up to 4th order and the pure imaginary variable $iμ_{\rm I}/T$ is replaced by the real one $μ_{\rm R}/T$. At real $μ$, the 4th-order term weakens $μ$ dependence of the potential sizably. Also, the color-Debye screening mass is extracted from the color-singlet potential at imaginary $μ$, and the mass is extrapolated to real $μ$ by analytic continuation. The screening mass thus obtained has stronger $μ$ dependence than the prediction of the leading-order thermal perturbation theory at both real and imaginary $μ$.

hep-lat↗

arXiv2013

Phase structure and Hosotani mechanism in QCD-like theory with compact dimensions

We investigated the phase diagram of $SU(3)$ gauge theory in four dimension with one compact dimension by using the perturbative one-loop effective potential. Effects of the adjoint and fundamental fermions are investigated and then the rich phase structure in the quark-mass and compact-size scale is realized. Our results are qualitatively consistent with the recent lattice calculation and clearly show that the lattice calculation can be understood from the Hosotani mechanism. Moreover, we show the result obtained by using the flavor twisted boundary condition for fundamental fermion which does not break the $Z_3$ symmetry, explicitly.

hep-ph↗

arXiv2013

Color screening potential at finite density in two-flavor lattice QCD with Wilson fermions

We investigate chemical-potential (μ) dependence of static-quark free energies in both the real and imaginary μregions, performing lattice QCD simulations at imaginary μand extrapolating the results to the real μregion with analytic continuation. Lattice QCD calculations are done on a 16^{3}\times 4 lattice with the clover-improved two-flavor Wilson fermion action and the renormalization-group improved Iwasaki gauge action. Static-quark potential is evaluated from the Polyakov-loop correlation functions in the deconfinement phase. As the analytic continuation, the potential calculated at imaginary μ=iμ_{\rm I} is expanded into a Taylor-expansion series of iμ_{\rm I}/T up to 4th order and the pure imaginary variable iμ_{\rm I}/T is replaced by the real one μ_{\rm R}/T. At real μ, the 4th-order term weakens μdependence of the potential sizably. At long distance, all of the color singlet and non-singlet potentials tend to twice the single-quark free energy, indicating that the interactions between heavy quarks are fully color-screened for finite μ. For both real and imaginary μ, the color-singlet q{\bar q} and the color-antitriplet qq interaction are attractive, whereas the color-octet q{\bar q} and the color-sextet qq interaction are repulsive. The attractive interactions have stronger μ/T dependence than the repulsive interactions. The color-Debye screening mass is extracted from the color-singlet potential at imaginary μ, and the mass is extrapolated to real μby analytic continuation. The screening mass thus obtained has stronger μdependence than the prediction of the leading-order thermal perturbation theory at both real and imaginary μ.

hep-lat↗

arXiv2013

Determination of quark-hadron transition from lattice QCD and neutron-star observation

We determine the quark-hadron transition line in the whole region of temperature (T) and baryon-number chemical potential (μ_B) from lattice QCD results and neutron-star mass measurements, making the quark-hadron hybrid model that is consistent with the two solid constraints. The quark part of the hybrid model is the Polyakov-loop extended Nambu-Jona-Lasinio (PNJL) model with entanglement vertex that reproduces lattice QCD results at mu_B/T=0, while the hadron part is the hadron resonance gas model with volume-exclusion effect that reproduces neutron-star mass measurements and the neutron-matter equation of state calculated from two- and three-nucleon forces based on the chiral effective field theory. The lower bound of the critical mu_B of the quark-hadron transition at zero T is mu_B = 1.6 GeV. The interplay between the heavy-ion collision physics around mu_B/T =6 and the neutron-star physics where mu_B/T is infinity is discussed.

hep-ph↗

arXiv2013

Differences and similarities between fundamental and adjoint matters in SU(N) gauge theories

We investigate differences and similarities between fundamental fermions and adjoint fermions in SU(N) gauge theories. The gauge theory with fundamental fermions possesses ZN symmetry only in the limit of infinite fermion mass, whereas the gauge theory with adjoint fermions does have the symmetry for any fermion mass. The flavor-dependent twisted boundary condition (FTBC) is then imposed on fundamental fermions so that the theory with fundamental fermions can possess ZN symmetry for any fermion mass. We show similarities between FTBC fundamental fermions and adjoint fermions, using the Polyakov-loop extended Nambu--Jona-Lasinio (PNJL) model. In the mean-field level, the PNJL model with FTBC fundamental fermions has dynamics similar to the PNJL model with adjoint fermions for the confinement/deconfinement transition related to ZN symmetry. The chiral property is somewhat different between the two models, but there is a simple relation between chiral condensates in the two models. As an interesting high-energy phenomenon, a possibility of the gauge symmetry breaking is studied for FTBC fundamental fermions.

hep-ph↗

arXiv2013

Two-color QCD at imaginary chemical potential and its impact on real chemical potential

We study properties of two-color QCD at imaginary chemical potential ($μ$) from the viewpoint of the Roberge-Weiss (RW) periodicity, the charge conjugation and the pseudo-reality. At $μ=\pm iπT/2$, where $T$ is temperature, the system is symmetric under the combination of the charge conjugation ${\cal C}$ and the ${\mathbb Z}_{2}$ transformation. The symmetry, called ${\cal C} {\mathbb Z}_{2}$ symmetry, is preserved at lower $T$ but broken at higher $T$. The Polyakov-loop extended Nambu--Jona-Lasinio (PNJL) model has the same properties as two-color QCD for ${\cal C} {\mathbb Z}_{2}$ symmetry and the pseudo-reality. The nontrivial correlation between the chiral restoration and the deconfinement are investigated by introducing the entanglement vertex in the PNJL model. The order of ${\cal C} {\mathbb Z}_{2}$ symmetry breaking at the RW endpoint is second-order when the correlation is weak, but becomes first-order when the correlation is strong. We also investigate the impact of the correlation on the phase diagram at real $μ$.

hep-ph↗

arXiv2013

Confinement and Z_3 symmetry in three-flavor QCD

We investigate the confinement mechanism in three-flavor QCD with imaginary isospin chemical potentials $(μ_u,μ_d,μ_s)=(iθT,-iθT,0)$, using the Polyakov-loop extended Nambu--Jona-Lasinio (PNJL) model, where $T$ is temperature. As for three degenerate flavors, the system has $\mathbb{Z}_{3}$ symmetry at $θ=2π/3$ and hence the Polyakov loop $Φ$ vanishes there for small $T$. As for 2+1 flavors, the symmetry is not preserved for any $θ$, but $Φ$ becomes zero at $θ=θ_{\rm conf} < 2π/3$ for small $T$. The confinement phase defined by $Φ=0$ is realized, even if the system does not have $\mathbb{Z}_{3}$ symmetry exactly. In the $θ$-$T$ plane, there is a critical endpoint of deconfinement transition. The deconfinement crossover at zero chemical potential is a remnant of the first-order deconfinement transition at $θ=θ_{\rm conf}$. The relation between the non-diagonal element $χ_{us}$ of quark number susceptibilities and the deconfinement transition is studied. The present results can be checked by lattice QCD simulations directly, since the simulations are free from the sign problem for any $θ$.

hep-ph↗

arXiv2012

The quarkynic phase and the Z_{Nc} symmetry

We investigate the interplay between the Z_{Nc} symmetry and the emergence of the quarkyonic phase, adding the flavor-dependent complex chemical potentials μ_f=μ+iTθ_f with (θ_f)=(0, θ, -θ) to the Polyakov-loop extended Nambu-Jona-Lasinio (PNJL) model. When θ=0, the PNJL model with the μ_f agrees with the standard PNJL model with the real chemical potential μ. When θ=2π/3, meanwhile, the PNJL model with the μ_f has the Z_{Nc} symmetry exactly for any real μ, so that the quarkyonic phase exists at small T and large μ. Once θvaries from 2π/3, the quarkyonic phase exists only on a line of T=0 and μlarger than the dynamical quark mass, and the region at small T and large μis dominated by the quarkyonic-like phase in which the Polyakov loop is small but finite.

hep-ph↗

arXiv2012

Model approach to the sign problem on lattice QCD with theta vacuum

We propose a practical way of circumventing the sign problem in lattice QCD simulations with a theta-vacuum term. This method is the reweighting method for the QCD Lagrangian after the chiral transformation. In the Lagrangian, the P-odd mass term as a cause of the sign problem is minimized. Additionally, we investigate theta-vacuum effects on the QCD phase diagram for the realistic 2+1 flavor system, using the three-flavor Polyakov-extended Nambu-Jona-Lasinio (PNJL) model and the entanglement PNJL model as an extension of the PNJL model. The theta-vacuum effects make the chiral transition sharper. We finally investigate theta dependence of the transition temperature and compare with the result of the pure gauge lattice simulation with imaginary theta parameter.

hep-ph↗

arXiv2012

A simple model with Z_N symmetry

We propose a simple model with the Z_N symmetry in order to answer whether the symmetry is a good concept in QCD with light quark mass. The model is constructed by imposing the flavor-dependent twisted boundary condition (TBC) on the three-flavor Polyakov-loop extended Nambu-Jona-Lasinio model. In the model, the Z_N symmetry is preserved below some temperature T_c, but spontaneously broken above T_c. Dynamics of the simple model is similar to that of the original PNJL model without the TBC, indicating that the Z_N symmetry is a good concept. We also investigate the interplay between the Z_N symmetry and the emergence of the quarkyonic phase.

hep-ph↗

arXiv2012

A practical solution to the sign problem at finite theta-vacuum angle

hep-ph↗

arXiv2012

A QCD-like theory with the ZNc symmetry

We propose a QCD-like theory with the ZNc symmetry. The flavor-dependent twisted boundary condition (TBC) is imposed on Nc degenerate flavor quarksin the SU(Nc) gauge theory. The QCD-like theory is useful to understand the mechanism of color confinement. Dynamics of the QCD-like theory is studied by imposing the TBC on the Polyakov-loop extended Nambu-Jona-Lasinio (PNJL) model. The TBC model is applied to two- and three-color cases. The ZNc symmetry is preserved below some temperature Tc, but spontaneously broken above Tc. The color confinement below Tc preserves the flavor symmetry. Above Tc, the flavor symmetry is broken, but the breaking is suppressed by the entanglement between the Polyakov loop and the chiral condensate. Particularly at low temperature, dynamics of the TBC model is similar to that of the PNJL model with the standard fermion boundary condition, indicating that the ZNc symmetry is a good approximate concept in the latter model even if the current quark mass is small. The present prediction can be tested in future by lattice QCD, since the QCD-like theory has no sign problem.

hep-ph↗

arXiv2012

Theta vacuum and entanglement interaction in the three-flavor Polyakov-loop extended Nambu-Jona-Lasinio model

We investigate theta-vacuum effects on the QCD phase diagram for the realistic 2+1 flavor system, using the three-flavor Polyakov-extended Nambu-Jona-Lasinio (PNJL) model and the entanglement PNJL model as an extension of the PNJL model. The theta-vacuum effects make the chiral transition sharper. For large theta-vacuum angle the chiral transition becomes first order even if the quark number chemical potential is zero, when the entanglement coupling between the chiral condensate and the Polyakov loop is taken into account. We finally propose a way of circumventing the sign problem on lattice QCD with finite theta.

hep-ph↗

arXiv2011

Spontaneous parity and charge-conjugation violations at real isospin and imaginary baryon chemical potentials

The phase structure of two-flavor QCD is investigated at real isospin and imaginary quark chemical potentials by using the Polyakov-loop extended Nambu--Jona-Lasinio model. In the region, parity symmetry is spontaneously broken by the pion superfluidity phase transition, whereas charge-conjugation symmetry is spontaneously violated by the Roberge-Weiss transition. The chiral (deconfinement) crossover at zero isospin and quark chemical potentials is a remnant of the parity (charge-conjugation) violation. The interplay between the parity and charge-conjugation violations are analyzed, and it is investigated how the interplay is related to the correlation between the chiral and deconfinement crossovers at zero isospin and quark chemical potentials.

hep-ph↗

arXiv2011

Quark-mass dependence of the three-flavor QCD phase diagram at zero and imaginary chemical potential: Model prediction

We draw the three-flavor phase diagram as a function of light- and strange-quark masses for both zero and imaginary quark-number chemical potential, using the Polyakov-loop extended Nambu-Jona-Lasinio model with an effective four-quark vertex depending on the Polyakov loop. The model prediction is qualitatively consistent with 2+1 flavor lattice QCD prediction at zero chemical potential and with degenerate three-flavor lattice QCD prediction at imaginary chemical potential.

hep-ph↗

arXiv2011

Theta vacuum effects on QCD phase diagram

Theta vacuum effects on the QCD phase structure in the μ-T plane are studied by using the Polyakov-loop extended Nambu-Jona-Lasinio model and its extension, where μis the quark chemical potential and T is temperature, respectively. As the parameter θof the theta vacuum increases, the chiral transition becomes stronger. For large θ, it eventually becomes first order even at zero μ.

hep-ph↗

arXiv2011

Equation of state in the PNJL model with the entanglement interaction

The equation of state and the phase diagram in two-flavor QCD are investigated by the Polyakov-loop extended Nambu--Jona-Lasinio (PNJL) model with an entanglement vertex between the chiral condensate and the Polyakov-loop. The entanglement-PNJL (EPNJL) model reproduces LQCD data at zero and finite chemical potential better than the PNJL model. Hadronic degrees of freedom are taken into account by the free-hadron-gas (FHG) model with the volume-exclusion effect due to the hadron generation. The EPNJL+FHG model improves agreement of the EPNJL model with LQCD data particularly at small temperature. The quarkyonic phase survives, even if the correlation between the chiral condensate and the Polyakov loop is strong and hadron degrees of freedom are taken into account. However, the location of the quarkyonic phase is sensitive to the strength of the volume exclusion.

hep-ph↗