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Hiroaki Nakano

Publications and source records attributed to Hiroaki Nakano.

18 recordsLinked to original sources

Dirac gaugino from grand gauge-Higgs unification

We show that models of the Dirac gaugino can naturally be embedded into a kind of the grand unified theory (GUT), the grand gauge-Higgs unification (gGHU) model, with the gauge group SU(5)\times SU(5)/Z_2 on an S^1/Z_2 orbifold. The supersymmetric gGHU is known to posess a light chiral adjoint supermultiplet after the GUT breaking, thank to the exchange symmetry of two SU(5) groups. Identifying the `predicted' adjoint fermion with the Dirac partner of the gaugino, we argue that the supersoft term, responsible for the Dirac gaugino mass, can be obtained from the supersymmetric Chern-Simons (CS) like term in the gGHU setup. Although the latter term does not respect the exchange symmetry, we propose a novel way to introduce its breaking effect within a consistent orbifold construction. We also give a concrete setup of fermion field contents (bulk and boundary-localized fermions) that induce the requisite CS-like term, and calculate its coefficient from the bulk profile of chiral fermion zero modes. Our gGHU setup may be regarded as an extra-dimensional realization of the Goldstone gaugino scenario that was proposed before as a solution to the problem of the adjoint scalar masses.

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Next-to-minimal $R$-symmetric model: Dirac gaugino, Higgs mass and invisible width

We study a singlet extension of the minimal $U(1)_R$ symmetric model, which shares nice properties of Dirac gauginos and $R$-symmetric Higgs sector. At the same time, a superpotential coupling of $R$-charged singlet to the Higgs doublets can give a substantial contribution to the Higgs boson mass. We show that the 125 GeV Higgs boson is consistent with perturbative unification, even if the SUSY scale is as low as 1 TeV and if the $D$-term Higgs potential is suppressed as is often the case in Dirac gauginos. The model also contains a light scalar and fermion, pseudo-moduli and pseudo-Goldstino: The former gets a mass mainly from SUSY breaking soft terms, in addition to a small explicit $R$-symmetry breaking for the latter. We examine how the Higgs mass and width are affected by these light degrees of freedom. Specifically we find thatdepending on parameters of $R$-charged Higgses, the pseudo-moduli lighter than a half of the SM-Higgs boson mass is still allowed by the constraints from invisible decays of the $Z$ and Higgs bosons. We also find that such a light scalar can reduce the Higgs boson mass, at most by a few percents.

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Neutrino Mass and Proton Decay in a ${U(1)}_R$ Symmetric Model

We study a ${U(1)}_R$ symmetric extenstion of supersymmetric standard model with supersymmetry breaking in the visible as well as hidden sectors. Specifically we study ${U(1)}_R$ breaking effects parametrized by the gravitino mass. A special $R$-charge assignment of right-handed neutrinos allows us to have neutrino Yukawa couplings with the $R$-charged Higgs field, which develops a tiny vacuum expectation value after the inclusion of $U(1)_R$ symmetry breaking. Even with O(1) Yukawa couplings, a suitable size of Dirac neutrino masses can be generated if the gravitino mass is very small, $m_{3/2}=1\hbox{---}10\,\mathrm{eV}$. Our flipped $R$-charge assignment also allows a new type of dimension five operator that can induce the proton decay. It turns out that the proton stability mildly constrains the allowed range of the gravitino mass: Gravitino heavier than $10 \ \mathrm{keV}$ can evade the proton decay constraint as well as cosmological ones. In this case, the largest neutrino Yukawa coupling is comparable to the electron Yukawa. We also calculate the mass of the pseudo goldsino and its mixing to neutralinos, and briefly discuss its implications in cosmology and Higgs phenomenology.

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Soft Supersymmetry Breaking at Heavy Chiral Threshold

We discuss the structure of threshold corrections to soft supersymmetry-breaking parameters at the mass threshold of heavy chiral superfields. Nontrivial dependence on soft parameters of heavy matter fields originates from the `physical' definition of the threshold scale, at which the general form of soft supersymmetry breaking is derived in the superfield coupling formalism.

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Induced top Yukawa coupling and suppressed Higgs mass parameters

In the scenarios with heavy top squarks, mass parameters of the Higgs field must be fine-tuned due to a large logarithmic correction to the soft scalar mass. We consider a new possibility that the top Yukawa coupling is small above TeV scale. The large top mass is induced from strong Yukawa interaction of the Higgs with another gauge sector, in which supersymmetry breaking parameters are given to be small. Then it is found that the logarithmic correction to the Higgs soft scalar mass is suppressed in spite of the strong coupling and the fine-tuning is ameliorated. We propose an explicit model coupled to a superconformal gauge theory which realizes the above situation.

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Large Mass Scale by Strong Gauge Dynamics with Infrared Fixed Point

We consider a mechanism for realizing the desired decoupling of strongly-coupled sector which is supposed to generate hierarchical structure of the Yukawa couplings. In our mechanism, the same strongly-coupled sector is responsible for generating a sufficiently flat potential and a large vacuum expectation value (VEV) of a gauge-singlet scalar field by suppressing its soft scalar mass and self-coupling. Vacuum instability is caused by supersymmetry-breaking A-term of order 10 TeV. We explicitly demonstrate the infrared convergence of soft scalar masses due to strongly-coupled dynamics and show the soft mass of the singlet is at most comparable to soft masses of squarks and sleptons, which are much suppressed than the A-term. The physical mass scale of the decoupling is calculated in a self-consistent way. We also reinterpret the result in terms of a RG-improved effective potential.

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Non-perturbative Kahler Potential, Dilaton Stabilization and Fayet-Iliopoulos Term

We study the dilaton stabilization in models with anomalous U(1) symmetry by adding specific string-motivated, non-perturbative corrections to the tree-level dilaton Kähler potential. We find that the non-perturbative effects can stabilize the dilaton at a desirably large value. We also observe that the size of Fayet-Iliopoulos term is reduced at the stabilized point.

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Anomalous U(1) D-term Contribution in Type I String Models

We study the $D$-term contribution for anomalous U(1) symmetries in type I string models and derive general formula for the $D$-term contribution, assuming that the dominant source of SUSY breaking is given by $F$-terms of the dilaton, (overall) moduli or twisted moduli fields. On the basis of the formula, we also point out that there are several different features from the case in heterotic string models. The differences originate from the different forms of Kähler potential between twisted moduli fields in type I string models and the dilaton field in heterotic string models.

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Flavor violation in supersymmetric theories with gauged flavor symmetries

In this paper we study flavor violation in supersymmetric models with gauged flavor symmetries. There are several sources of flavor violation in these theories. The dominant flavor violation is the tree-level $D$-term contribution to scalar masses generated by flavor symmetry breaking. We present a new approach for suppressing this phenomenologically dangerous effects by separating the flavor-breaking sector from supersymmetry-breaking one. The separation can be achieved in geometrical setups or in a dynamical way. We also point out that radiative corrections from the gauginos of gauged flavor symmetries give sizable generation-dependent masses of scalars. The gaugino mass effects are generic and not suppressed even if the dominant $D$-term contribution is suppressed. We also analyze the constraints on the flavor symmetry sector from these flavor-violating corrections.

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Yukawa Hierarchy Transfer Based on Superconformal Dynamics and Geometrical Realization in String Models

We propose a scenario that leads to hierarchical Yukawa couplings and degenerate sfermion masses at the same time, in the context of extra-dimensional models, which can be naturally embedded in a wide class of string models. The hierarchy of Yukawa couplings and degeneracy of sfermion masses can be realized thanks to superconformal gauge dynamics. The sfermion mass degeneracy is guaranteed by taking the superconformal fixed point to be family independent. In our scenario, the origin of Yukawa hierarchy is attributed to geometry of compactified dimensions and the consequent volume dependence of gauge couplings in the superconformal sectors. The difference in these gauge couplings is dynamically transferred to the hierarchy of the Yukawa couplings. Thus, our scenario combines a new dynamical approach and the conventional geometrical approach to the supersymmetric flavor problem.

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Sfermion Mass Degeneracy, Superconformal Dynamics and Supersymmetric Grand Unified Theories

We discuss issues in a scenario that hierarchical Yukawa couplings are generated through strong dynamics of superconformal field theories (SCFTs). Independently of mediation mechanism of supersymmetry breaking, infrared convergence property of SCFTs can provide an interesting solution to supersymmetric flavor problem; sfermion masses are suppressed around the decoupling scale of SCFTs and eventually become degenerate to some degree, thanks to family-independent radiative corrections governed by the SM gaugino masses. We discuss under what conditions the degeneracy of sfermion mass can be estimated in a simple manner. We also discuss the constraints from lepton flavor violations. We then study explicitly sfermion mass degeneracy within the framework of grand unified theories coupled to SCFTs. It is found that the degeneracy for right-handed sleptons becomes worse in the conventional SU(5) model than in the MSSM. On the other hand, in the flipped SU(5) \times U(1) model, each right-handed lepton is still an SU(5)-singlet, whereas the bino mass M_1 is determined by two independent gaugino masses of SU(5) \times U(1). These two properties enable us to have an improved degeneracy for the right-handed sleptons. We also speculate how further improvement can be obtained in the SCFT approach.

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Yukawa Hierarchy Transfer from Superconformal Sector and Degenerate Sfermion Masses

We propose a new type of supersymmetric models coupled to superconformal field theories (SCFT's), leading simultaneously to hierarchical Yukawa couplings and completely degenerate sfermion masses. We consider models with an extra Abelian gauge symmetry to generate hierarchical structure for couplings between the SM sector and the SC sector. Interestingly, this hierarchy is inversely transferred to the Yukawa couplings in the SM sector. In this type of models, flavor-independent structure of the superconformal fixed point guarantees that the sfermion masses of the first and the second generations are completely degenerate at low energy.

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Bulk Standard Model in the Randall-Sundrum Background

We discuss issues in an attempt to put the Standard Model (SM) in five-dimensional anti-de Sitter spacetime compactified on $S^1/Z_2$. The recently-proposed approach to the gauge hierarchy problem by using this background geometry, with the SM confined on a boundary, is extended to a situation where (some of) the SM particles reside in the five dimensional bulk. In particular, we find a localization of zero modes of bulk fermions near the boundary with a negative tension. Unlike the compactification with the flat metric, these fermion zero modes couple to Kaluza-Klein (KK) excitations of the SM gauge bosons. Interestingly, only low-lying modes of such KK gauge bosons have non-negligible couplings. Current electroweak precision data give a constraint that the first KK mode be heavier than 9 TeV. We also argue that at least the Higgs field should be confined on the brane to utilize the Randall-Sundrum background as a solution to the gauge hierarchy.

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"Anomalous" U(1) Symmetry in Orbifold String Models

``Anomalous'' U(1) gauge symmetry with Green-Schwarz anomaly cancellation mechanism is discussed in the orbifold construction of four-dimensional heterotic string models. Some conditions are given as criteria to have ``anomalous'' U(1) in orbifold string models. In particular, ``anomalous'' U(1) is absent if the massless twisted matter has no mixing between visible and hidden sectors or if a certain type of discrete symmetries are found. We then give a general procedure for classifying orbifold models with ``anomalous'' U(1) and for identifying the ``anomalous'' U(1) basis. We illustrate our procedure in Z_3 and Z_4 orbifold models. According to our procedure, the classification of ``anomalous'' U(1) can be reduced to the classification in the absence of a Wilson line. We also discuss discrete symmetries left unbroken after the ``anomalous'' U(1) breaking. This includes a possible relation between ``anomalous'' U(1) and discrete R-symmetries.

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Scalar Mass and Cosmological Constant induced by ``Anomalous" $U(1)$ $D$-term

When the supersymmetric theory contains the ``anomalous" $U(1)$ gauge symmetry with Green-Schwarz anomaly cancellation mechanism in 4 dimensions, its Fayet-Iliopoulos $D$-term generates non-universal scalar masses and the positive cosmological constant after the supersymmetry breaking. Both give the new contributions to the known results from $F$-term. Our mechanism is naturally realized in many string models and in some cases, leads to remarkable cancellations between $F$- and $D$-term contributions, providing the universal scalar mass and vanishing cosmological constant. We illustrate how such a possibility can arise by taking a simple orbifold example.

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Improving the Effective Potential, Multi-Mass Problem and Modified Mass-Dependent Scheme

We present a new procedure for improving the effective potential by using renormalization group equation (RGE) in the presence of several mass scales. We propose a modification of the mass-dependent (MD) renormalization scheme, MDbar scheme, so that the scalar mass parameter runs at most logarithmically on the one hand and the decoupling of heavy particles is naturally incorporated in the RGE's on the other. Thanks to these properties, the procedure in MDbar scheme turns out to be very simple compared with the regionwise procedure in MSbar scheme proposed previously. The relation with other schemes is also discussed both analytically and numerically.

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Improving the Effective Potential

A general procedure is presented how to improve the effective potential by using the renormalization group equation (RGE) in MS bar scheme. If one knows the L-loop effective potential and the RGE coefficient functions up to (L+1)-loop level, this procedure gives an improved potential which satisfies the RGE and contains all of the leading, next-to-leading,... , and L-th-to-leading log terms.

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Improving the Effective Potential:Multi-Mass-Scale Case

Previously proposed procedure for improving the effective potential by using renormalization group equation (RGE) is generalized so as to be applicable to any system containing several different mass scales. If one knows L-loop effective potential and (L+1)-loop RGE coefficient functions, this procedure gives an improved potential which satisfies the RGE and contains all of the leading, next-to-leading,..., and L-th-to-leading log terms. Our procedure here also clarifies how naturally the so-called effective field theory can be incorporated in the RGE in MS bar scheme.

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