MyoFlow: Anchor-Tied Rectified Flow for HD-sEMG Gesture Recognition Across Sessions and Subjects
High-density surface electromyography (HD-sEMG) gesture recognition supports prosthetic control, assistive robotics, and rehabilitation, but electrode re-donning and physiological variability cause distribution shifts that degrade accuracy across sessions and subjects. Generative HD-sEMG models primarily synthesize signals for augmentation; although diffusion models enhance representation learning, prediction still relies on a separate classifier. To tie learned dynamics to the decision rule, we propose MyoFlow, the first discriminative flow-matching framework for HD-sEMG recognition across sessions and subjects. It recasts classification as anchor-tied transport: a domain-conditioned rectified flow moves encoded windows toward gesture anchors that serve as transport targets and define the nearest-anchor decision geometry, enabling zero-shot recognition without an independent head. On the Hyser dataset, MyoFlow improves mean cross-session and cross-subject accuracy over the strongest diffusion-based baseline by 4.24% and 6.37%, respectively, and achieves 91.71% mean zero-shot accuracy and 97.39% mean few-shot accuracy across multiple days on the CEMHSEY dataset.