arXiv subjects
Publications and source records attributed to Hiroshi Ando.
We prove, for any W$^*$-probability space $(M,φ)$ where $M$ is a type $\mathrm{III}_1$ factor, any nontrivial, proper closed $F\subseteq \mathbb{R}$, and any nonprincipal ultrafilter $\mathcal{U}$ on $\mathbb{N}$, that the ultrapower $M(σ^φ,F)^{\mathcal{U}}$ of the spectral subspace $M(σ^φ,F)$ is a proper subset of the spectral subspace $M^{\mathcal{U}}(σ^{φ^{\mathcal{U}}},F)$. We discuss the model-theoretic implications of this result.
We make a series of model-theoretic contributions to Connes' bicentralizer problem, one of the most prominent open problems in the theory of von Neumann algebras. Our work builds on the recent result of Houdayer and Marrakchi who show that, for separable diffuse W$^*$-probability spaces, having trivial bicentralizer is equivalent to being selfless, that is, having the first factor inclusion into the free product be an existential embedding. We first show that the class of selfless $W^*$-probability spaces is $\forall\exists$-axiomatizable. We then extend the Houdayer-Marrakchi equivalence to all diffuse W$^*$-probability spaces, removing the separability hypothesis. Combining these results, we show that for any axiomatizable class of diffuse $W^*$-probability spaces, those with trivial bicentralizer form an $\forall\exists$-axiomatizable class; in particular, the class of type $\mathrm{III}_1$ factors with trivial bicentralizer is $\forall\exists$-axiomatizable. We give concrete axioms for this class using totally bounded variants of Haagerup's characterization of the bicentralizer, which we develop here and believe to be of independent interest. We also introduce the notion of pseudoperiodic $\mathrm{III}_1$ factors and show that any such factor has trivial bicentralizer. In the final section, we prove that the bicentralizer problem has a positive solution if and only if the bicentralizer functor is a zeroset relative to the theory of $\mathrm{III}_1$ factors. We use this result to give an equivalent formulation of the bicentralizer problem in terms of a uniformity condition on Haagerup's Dixmier-type characterization of the bicentralizer.
We define and study notions of amenability and skew-amenability of continuous actions of topological groups on compact topological spaces. Our main motivation is the question under what conditions amenability of a topological group passes to a closed subgroup. Other applications include the understanding of the universal minimal flow of various non-amenable groups.
Following Robert's [26], we study the structure of unitary groups and groups of approximately inner automorphisms of unital $C^*$-algebras, taking advantage of the former being Banach-Lie groups. For a given unital $C^*$-algebra $A$, we provide a description of the closed normal subgroup structure of the connected component of the identity of the unitary group, denoted by $U_A$, resp. of the subgroup of approximately inner automorphisms induced by the connected component of the identity of the unitary group, denoted by $V_A$, in terms of perfect ideals, i.e. ideals admitting no characters. When the unital algebra is locally AF, we show that there is a one-to-one correspondence between closed normal subgroups of $V_A$ and perfect ideals of the algebra, which can be in the separable case conveniently described using Bratteli diagrams; in particular showing that every closed normal subgroup of $V_A$ is perfect. We also characterize unital $C^*$-algebras $A$ such that $U_A$, resp. $V_A$ are topologically simple, generalizing the main results from [26]. In the other way round, under certain conditions, we characterize simplicity of the algebra in terms of the structure of the unitary group. This in particular applies to reduced group $C^*$-algebras of discrete groups and we show that when $A$ is a reduced group $C^*$-algebra of a non-amenable countable discrete group, then $A$ is simple if and only if $U_A/\mathbb{T}$ is topologically simple.
The Paszkiewicz conjecture about a product of positive contractions asserts that given a decreasing sequence $T_1\ge T_2\ge \dots$ of positive contractions on a separable infinite-dimensional Hilbert space, the product $S_n=T_n\dots T_1$ converges strongly. Recently, the first named author verified the conjecture for certain classes of sequences. In this paper, we prove the Paszkiewicz conjecture in full generality. Moreover, we show that in some cases, a generalized version of the Paszkiewicz conjecture also holds.
Paszkiewicz's conjecture asserts that given a decreasing sequence $T_1\ge T_2\ge \dots$ of positive contractions on a separable infinite-dimensional Hilbert space $H$, the product $S_n=T_nT_{n-1}\cdots T_1$ converges in the strong operator topology. In these notes, we give an equivalent, more precise formulation of his conjecture. Moreover, we show that the conjecture is true for the following two cases: (1) $1$ is not in the essential spectrum of $T_n$ for some $n\in \mathbb{N}$. (2) The von Neumann algebra generated by $\{T_n\mid n\in \mathbb{N}\}$ admits a faithful normal tracial state. We also remark that the analogous conjecture for the weak convergence is true.
In the present paper we shall study a variational problem relating the weighted Hardy inequalities with sharp missing terms. As weights we treat non-doubling functions of the distance to the boundary of bounded domain.
We establish the Caffarelli-Kohn-Nirenberg type inequalities involving{ super-logarithms (infinitely iterated logarithms).} As a result the critical Caffarelli-Kohn-Nirenberg type inequalities will be improved, and in certain cases the best constants will be discovered.
We revisit a well-known "surjectivity onto quotient" type lemma of Kirchberg on the central sequence algebra of a separable unital ${\rm C}^*$-algebra, and use it to prove a "surjectivity onto quotient" result on approximately inner automorphisms of a separable unital ${\rm C}^*$-algebra of stable rank one, which we can partially upgrade also to the non-separable case.
Let $G$ be a Polish group and let $H \leq G$ be a compact subgroup. We prove that there exists a Borel set $T \subset G$ which is simultaneously a complete set of coset representatives of left and right cosets, provided that a certain index condition is satisfied. Moreover, we prove that this index condition holds provided that $G$ is locally compact and $G/G^\circ$ is compact or $H$ is a compact Lie group. This generalizes a result which is known for discrete groups under various finiteness assumptions, but is known to fail for general inclusions of infinite groups. As an application, we prove that Bohr closed subgroups of countable, discrete groups admit common transversals.
In the present paper we shall improve one dimensional weighted Hardy inequalities with one-sided boundary condition by adding sharp remainders. As an application, we shall establish n dimensional weighted Hardy inequalities in a bounded smooth domain with weight functions being powers of the distance function d(x) to the boundary. Our results will be applicable to variational problems in a coming paper.
We initiate the large scale geometric study of Banach-Lie groups, especially of linear Banach-Lie groups. We show that the exponential length, originally introduced by Ringrose for unitary groups of $C^*$-algebras, defines the quasi-isometry type of any connected Banach-Lie group. As an illustrative example, we consider unitary groups of separable abelian unital $C^*$-algebras with spectrum having finitely many components, which we classify up to topological isomorphism and up to quasi-isometry, in order to highlight the difference. The main results then concern the Haagerup property, and Properties (T) and (FH). We present the first non-trivial non-abelian and non-localy compact groups having the Haagerup property, most of them being non-amenable. These are the groups $\mathcal{U}_2(M,τ)$, where $M$ is a semifinite von Neumann algebra with a normal faithful semifinite trace $τ$. Finally, we investigate the groups $\mathrm{E}_n(A)$, which are closed subgroups of $\mathrm{GL}(n,A)$ generated by elementary matrices, where $A$ is a unital Banach algebra. We show that for $n\geq 3$, all these groups have Property (T) and they are unbounded, so they have Property (FH) non-trivially. On the other hand, if $A$ is an infinite-dimensional unital $C^*$-algebra, then $\mathrm{E}_2(A)$ does not have the Haagerup property. If $A$ is moreover abelian and separable, then $\mathrm{SL}(2,A)$ does not have the Haagerup property.
Let $Ω$ be a bounded domain of $\mathbb{R}^N$ whose boundary is a $\mathbb{C}^2$ compact manifolds. In the present paper we shall study a variational problem relating the weighted Hardy inequalities with sharp missing terms. As weights we adopted powers of the distance function $δ(x)$ to the boundary $\partialΩ$.
Twisted bilayer graphene (TBG), in which two monolayer graphene are stacked with an in-plane rotation angle, has recently become a hot topic due to unique electronic structures. TBG is normally produced in air by the tear-and-stack method of mechanical exfoliation and transferring graphene flakes, by which a sizable, millimeter-order area, and importantly clean interface between layers are hard to obtain. In this study, we resolved these problems by directly transferring the easy-to-exfoliate CVD-grown graphene on SiC substrate to graphene in a high vacuum without using any transfer assisting medium and observed electronic band modulations due to the strong interlayer coupling.
We study the question of which Polish groups can be realized as subgroups of the unitary group of a separable infinite-dimensional Hilbert space. We also show that for a separable unital C$^*$-algebra $A$, the identity component $\mathcal{U}_0(A)$ of its unitary group has property (OB) of Rosendal (hence it also has property (FH)) if and only if the algebra has finite exponential length (e.g. if it has real rank zero), while in many cases the unitary group $\mathcal{U}(A)$ does not have property (T). On the other hand, the $p$-unitary group $\mathcal{U}_p(M,τ)$ where $M$ is a properly infinite semifinite von Neumann algbera with separable predual, does not have property (FH) for any $1\le p<\infty$. This in particular solves a problem left unanswered in the work of Pestov \cite{Pestov18}.
We investigate the structure of the relative bicentralizer algebra ${\rm B}(N \subset M, φ)$ for inclusions of von Neumann algebras with normal expectation where $N$ is a type ${\rm III_1}$ subfactor and $φ\in N_*$ is a faithful state. We first construct a canonical flow $β^φ: \mathbf R^*_+ \curvearrowright {\rm B}(N \subset M, φ)$ on the relative bicentralizer algebra and we show that the W$^*$-dynamical system $({\rm B}(N \subset M, φ), β^φ)$ is independent of the choice of $φ$ up to a canonical isomorphism. In the case when $N=M$, we deduce new results on the structure of the automorphism group of ${\rm B}(M,φ)$ and we relate the period of the flow $β^φ$ to the tensorial absorption of Powers factors. For general irreducible inclusions $N \subset M$, we relate the ergodicity of the flow $β^φ$ to the existence of irreducible hyperfinite subfactors in $M$ that sit with normal expectation in $N$. When the inclusion $N \subset M$ is discrete, we prove a relative bicentralizer theorem and we use it to solve Kadison's problem when $N$ is amenable.
Let $Γ$ be a countable discrete group, and let $π\colon Γ\to {\rm{GL}}(H)$ be a representation of $Γ$ by invertible operators on a separable Hilbert space $H$. We show that the semidirect product group $G=H\rtimes_πΓ$ is SIN ($G$ admits a two-sided invariant metric compatible with its topology) and unitarily representable ($G$ embeds into the unitary group $\mathcal{U}(\ell^2(\mathbb N))$), if and only if $π$ is uniformly bounded, and that $π$ is unitarizable if and only if $G$ is of finite type: that is, $G$ embeds into the unitary group of a II$_1$-factor. Consequently, we show that a unitarily representable Polish SIN groups need not be of finite type, answering a question of Sorin Popa. The key point in our argument is an equivariant version of the Maurey--Nikishin factorization theorem for continuous maps from a Hilbert space to the space $L^0(X,m)$ of all measurable maps on a probability space.
A famous theorem due to Weyl and von Neumann asserts that two bounded self-adjoint operators are unitarily equivalent modulo the compacts, if and only if their essential spectrum agree. The above theorem does not hold for unbounded operators. Nevertheless, there exist closed subsets $M$ of $\mathbb{R}$ on which the Weyl--von Neumann Theorem hold: all (not necessarily bounded) self-adjoint operators with essential spectrum $M$ are unitarily equivalent modulo the compacts. In this paper, we determine exactly which $M$ satisfies this property.