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Hiroshi Sakai

Publications and source records attributed to Hiroshi Sakai.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
arXiv2026

On $2$-stationarity of $\mathcal{P}_κλ$

The notion of $n$-stationary subsets of $\mathcal{P}_κλ$ for $n < ω$ were introduced and studied by Cody, Lambie-Hanson \& Zhang \cite{CLHZ} and Torres \cite{T}. They proved that if $κ$ is supercompact, then $\mathcal{P}_κλ$ is $n$-stationary in itself for all cardinals $λ\geq κ$ and all $n < ω$. In this paper we prove that strong compactness of $κ$ does not imply the $2$-stationarity of $\mathcal{P}_κλ$ for cardinals $λ> κ$. We also discuss Menas' Theorem for $1$-stationary and $2$-stationary subsets of $\mathcal{P}_κλ$.

math.LO↗
arXiv2025

Perfect set dichotomy theorem in generalized Solovay model

We prove that the perfect set dichotomy theorem holds in the Solovay model $V ((ω^ω)^{V[G]})$. Namely, for every equivalence relation $E$ on $\mathbb{R}$, either $\mathbb{R}/E$ is well-orderable or there exists a perfect set consisting of $E$-inequivalent reals. Furthermore we consider a generalization of the Solovay model for an uncountable regular cardinal $μ$ and show the perfect set dichotomy theorem for $μ^μ$ also holds in that model. We establish the three element basis theorem for uncountable linear orders in the Solovay model for a weakly compact cardinal, in a general form covering the uncountable case.

math.LO↗
arXiv2025

Generalized Tukey reducibility between $σ$-directed sets

We introduce the pre-Tukey reducibility, a generalization of the Tukey reducibility between directed sets that works well in $\mathsf{ZF}$. We investigate the pre-Tukey reducibility between several $σ$-directed sets under assumptions on sets of reals, which hold in the Solovay model and in $L(\mathbb{R})$ satisfying $\mathsf{AD}$.

math.LO↗
arXiv2025

Separating Subversion Forcing Axioms

We study a family of variants of Jensen's\emph{subcomplete forcing axiom}, $\mathsf{SCFA}$ and \emph{subproper forcing axiom}, $\mathsf{SubPFA}$. Using these we develop a general technique for proving non-implications of $\mathsf{SCFA}$, $\mathsf{SubPFA}$ and their relatives and give several applications. For instance we show that $\mathsf{SCFA}$ does not imply $\mathsf{MA}^+(σ$-closed$)$ and $\mathsf{SubPFA}$ does not imply Martin's Maximum.

math.LO↗
arXiv2024

Stable beam operation of approximately 1 mA beam under highly efficient energy recovery conditions at compact energy-recovery linac

A compact energy-recovery linac (cERL) has been un-der construction at KEK since 2009 to develop key technologies for the energy-recovery linac. The cERL began operating in 2013 to create a high-current beam with a low-emittance beam with stable continuous wave (CW) superconducting cavities. Owing to the development of critical components, such as the DC gun, superconducting cavities, and the design of ideal beam transport optics, we have successfully established approximately 1 mA stable CW operation with a small beam emittance and extremely small beam loss. This study presents the details of our key technologies and experimental results for achieving 100% energy recovery operation with extremely small beam loss during a stable, approximately 1 mA CW beam operation.

physics.acc-ph↗
arXiv2024

Beam dynamics study of the high-power electron beam irradiator using niobium-tin superconducting cavity

A compact accelerator design for irradiation purposes is being proposed at KEK. This design targets an energy of 10 MeV and a current of 50 mA. Current design includes a 100 kV thermionic DC electron gun with an RF grid, 1-cell normal-conducting buncher cavity, and Nb$_{3}$Sn superconducting cavities to accelerate the beam to the final energy of 10 MeV. The goal of the present beam dynamics study is the beam loss suppression (to the ppm level), since it results in a thermal load on the cavity. Then the beam performance at the accelerator exit should be confirmed. The main issue was to transport the beam without loss, since the initial electron energy (100 keV) is low, and the beam parameters are intricately correlated. In addition, the space charge effect is considerable. For this reason, simultaneous optimization of multiple parameters was necessary. Here we report optimization results and their effect on the design of the machine.

physics.acc-ph↗
arXiv2023

Weakly extendible cardinals and compactness of extended logics

We introduce the notion of weakly extendible cardinals and show that these cardinals are characterized in terms of weak compactness of second order logic. The consistency strength and largeness of weakly extendible cardinals are located strictly between that of strongly unfoldable (i.e. shrewd) cardinals, and strongly uplifting cardinals. Weak compactness of many other logics can be connected to certain variants of the notion of weakly extendible cardinals. We also show that, under V=L, a cardinal $κ$ is the weak compactness number of ${\cal L}^{\aleph_0,II}_{stat,κ,ω}$ if and only if it is the weak compactness number of ${\cal L}^{II}_{κ,ω}$. The latter condition is equivalent to the condition that $κ$ is weakly extendible by the characterization mentioned above (this equivalence holds without the assumption of V=L).

math.LO↗
arXiv2022

Generically supercompact cardinals by forcing with chain conditions

A ccc-generically supercompact cardinal $κ$ can be smaller than or equal to the continuum. On the other hand, such a cardinal $κ$ still satisfies diverse largeness properties, like that it is a stationary limit of ccc-generically measurable cardinals (Theorem 4.1). This is in a strong contrast to $\cal P$-generically supercompact cardinals for the class $\cal P$ of all $σ$-closed posets, which can be $\aleph_n$ for any n>1.

math.LO↗
arXiv2021

Strong downward Löwenheim-Skolem theorems for stationary logics, III -- mixed support iteration

Continuing [Fuchino, Ottenbreit and Sakai[9, 10]] and [Fuchino and Ottenbreit[11]], we further study reflection principles in connection with the Löwenheim-Skolem Theorems of stationary logics. In this paper, we mainly analyze the situations in the models obtained by mixed support iteration of a supercompact length and then collapsing another supercompact cardinal to make it $(2^{\aleph_0})^+$. We show, among other things, that the reflection down to $< 2^{\aleph_0}$ of the non-metrizability of topological spaces with small character is independent from the reflection properties studied in [Fuchino, Ottenbreit and Sakai[9, 10]] and [Fuchino and Ottenbreit[11]].

math.LO↗
arXiv2021

The first-order definability of generic large cardinals

We show that the notions of generic and Laver-generic supercompactness are first-order definable in the language of ZFC. This also holds for generic and Laver-generic (almost) hugeness as well as for generic versions of other large cardinals.

math.LO↗
arXiv2021

Construction and Commissioning of Mid-Infrared SASE FEL at cERL

The mid-infrared range is an important spectrum range where materials exhibit a characteristic response corresponding to their molecular structure. A free-electron laser (FEL) is a promising candidate for a high-power light source with wavelength tunability to investigate the nonlinear response of materials. Although the self-amplification spontaneous emission (SASE) scheme is not usually adopted in the mid-infrared wavelength range, it may have advantages such as layout simplicity, the possibility of producing a single pulse, and scalability to a short-wavelength facility. To demonstrate the operation of a mid-infrared SASE FEL system in an energy recovery linac (ERL) layout, we constructed an SASE FEL setup in cERL, a test facility of the superconducting linac with the ERL configuration. Despite the adverse circumstance of space charge effects due to the given boundary condition of the facility, we successfully established the beam condition at the undulators, and observed FEL emission at a wavelength of 20 $μ$m. The results show that the layout of cERL has the potential for serving as a mid-infrared light source.

physics.acc-ph↗
arXiv2020

Strong downward Löwenheim-Skolem theorems for stationary logics, II -- reflection down to the continuum

Continuing the previous paper, we study the Strong Downward Löwenheim-Skolem Theorems (SDLSs) of the stationary logic and their variations. It has been shown that the SDLS for the ordinary stationary logic with weak second-order parameters down to $<\aleph_2$ is equivalent to the conjunction of CH and Cox's Diagonal Reflection Principle for internally clubness. We show that the SDLS for the stationary logic without weak second-order parameters down to $<2^{\aleph_0}$ implies that the size of the continuum is $\aleph_2$. In contrast, an internal interpretation of the stationary logic can satisfy the SDLS down to $<2^{\aleph_0}$ under the continuum being of size $>\aleph_2$. This SDLS is shown to be equivalent to an internal version of the Diagonal Reflection Principle down to an internally stationary set of size $<2^{\aleph_0}$. We also consider a ${\cal P}_κλ$ version of the stationary logic and show that the SDLS for this logic in internal interpretation for reflection down to $<2^{\aleph_0}$ is consistent under the assumption of the consistency of ZFC $+$ "the existence of a supercompact cardinal" and this SDLS implies that the continuum is (at least) weakly Mahlo. These three "axioms" in terms of SDLS are consequences of three instances of a strengthening of generic supercompactness which we call Laver-generic supercompactness. Existence of a Laver-generic supercompact cardinal in each of these three instances also fixes the cardinality of the continuum to be $\aleph_1$ or $\aleph_2$ or very large respectively. We also show that the existence of one of these generic large cardinals implies the "$++$" version of the corresponding forcing axiom.

math.LO↗
arXiv2020

Scientific opportunies for bERLinPro 2020+, report with ideas and conclusions from bERLinProCamp 2019

The Energy Recovery Linac (ERL) paradigm offers the promise to generate intense electron beams of superior quality with extremely small six-dimensional phase space for many applications in the physical sciences, materials science, chemistry, health, information technology and security. Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin started in 2010 an intensive R\&D programme to address the challenges related to the ERL as driver for future light sources by setting up the bERLinPro (Berlin ERL Project) ERL with 50 MeV beam energy and high average current. The project is close to reach its major milestone in 2020, acceleration and recovery of a high brightness electron beam. The goal of bERLinProCamp 2019 was to discuss scientific opportunities for bERLinPro 2020+. bERLinProCamp 2019 was held on Tue, 17.09.2019 at Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin, Berlin, Germany. This paper summarizes the main themes and output of the workshop.

physics.acc-ph↗
arXiv2018

A variant of Shelah's characterization of Strong Chang's Conjecture

Shelah considered a certain version of Strong Chang's Conjecture, which we denote $\text{SCC}^{\text{cof}}$, and proved that it is equivalent to several statements, including the assertion that Namba forcing is semiproper. We introduce an apparently weaker version, denoted $\text{SCC}^{\text{split}}$, and prove an analogous characterization of it. In particular, $\text{SCC}^{\text{split}}$ is equivalent to the assertion that the the Friedman-Krueger poset is semiproper. This strengthens and sharpens the results of Cox, and sheds some light on problems from Usuba and Torres-Perez and Wu.

math.LO↗
arXiv2017

The weakly compact reflection principle need not imply a high order of weak compactness

The weakly compact reflection principle $\text{Refl}_{\text{wc}}(κ)$ states that $κ$ is a weakly compact cardinal and every weakly compact subset of $κ$ has a weakly compact proper initial segment. The weakly compact reflection principle at $κ$ implies that $κ$ is an $ω$-weakly compact cardinal. In this article we show that the weakly compact reflection principle does not imply that $κ$ is $(ω+1)$-weakly compact. Moreover, we show that if the weakly compact reflection principle holds at $κ$ then there is a forcing extension preserving this in which $κ$ is the least $ω$-weakly compact cardinal. Along the way we generalize the well-known result which states that if $κ$ is a regular cardinal then in any forcing extension by $κ$-c.c. forcing the nonstationary ideal equals the ideal generated by the ground model nonstationary ideal; our generalization states that if $κ$ is a weakly compact cardinal then after forcing with a `typical' Easton-support iteration of length $κ$ the weakly compact ideal equals the ideal generated by the ground model weakly compact ideal.

math.LO↗
arXiv2016

On the set-generic multiverse

The forcing method is a powerful tool to prove the consistency of set-theoretic assertions relative to the consistency of the axioms of set theory. Laver's theorem and Bukovský's theorem assert that set-generic extensions of a given ground model constitute a quite reasonable and sufficiently general class of standard models of set-theory. In sections 2 and 3 of this note, we give a proof of Bukovský's theorem in a modern setting (for another proof of this theorem see Bukovský [4]). In section 4 we check that the multiverse of set-generic extensions can be treated as a collection of countable transitive models in a conservative extension of ZFC. The last section then deals with the problem of the existence of infinitely-many independent buttons, which arose in the modal-theoretic approach to the set-generic multiverse by J.Hamkins and B.Loewe [12].

math.LO↗
arXiv2013

Stationary reflection principles and two cardinal tree properties

We study consequences of stationary and semi-stationary set reflection. We show that the semi stationary reflection principle implies the Singular Cardinal Hypothesis, the failure of weak square principle, etc. We also consider two cardinal tree properties introduced recently by Weiss and prove that they follow from stationary and semi stationary set reflection augmented with a weak form of Martin's Axiom. We also show that there are some differences between the two reflection principles which suggest that stationary set reflection is analogous to supercompactness whereas semi-stationary set reflection is analogous to strong compactness.

math.LO↗