arXiv subjects

Hiroshi Tamaru

Publications and source records attributed to Hiroshi Tamaru.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources

arXiv2026

Two-numbers and Euler characteristics for quandles

Quandles can be regarded as generalizations of symmetric spaces. In the theory of symmetric spaces developed by Chen and Nagano, there is an interesting relationship between the two-number and the Euler characteristic. The two-number is a Riemannian geometric invariant that can also be characterized in terms of point symmetries, whereas the Euler characteristic is a topological invariant. The aim of this paper is to initiate the study of quandle analogues of Chen--Nagano theory. In particular, we investigate relationships between the two-numbers and the Euler characteristics of quandles, and provide examples of finite quandles that either satisfy or fail to satisfy properties analogous to those of symmetric spaces. These examples are constructed from directed simple graphs labeled by abelian groups.

math.GT↗

arXiv2026

Cohomogeneity one actions on symmetric spaces of mixed type

In this article, we study isometric cohomogeneity-one actions on symmetric spaces of mixed type, i.e., those whose universal cover splits as a nontrivial product of symmetric spaces of compact, noncompact, and Euclidean types. We provide a new family of "diagonal" cohomogeneity-one actions on symmetric spaces of the form $\mathbb{R}^n \times M_-$, where $M_-$ is of noncompact type. We show that, with the exception of this family, any cohomogeneity-one action on a symmetric space decomposes as a product of isometric actions on its compact, Euclidean, and noncompact factors. This fully reduces the classification problem for cohomogeneity-one actions to symmetric spaces of a single type.

math.DG↗

arXiv2026

The moduli spaces of left-invariant statistical structures on Lie groups

In the context of information geometry, the concept known as left-invariant statistical structure on Lie groups is defined by Furuhata--Inoguchi--Kobayashi (Inf Geom 4(1):177--188, 2021). In this paper, we introduce the notion of the moduli space of left-invariant statistical structures on a Lie group. We study the moduli spaces for three particular Lie groups, each of which has a moduli space of left-invariant Riemannian metrics that is a singleton. As applications, we classify left-invariant conjugate symmetric statistical structures and left-invariant dually flat structures (which are equivalent to left-invariant Hessian structures) on these three Lie groups. A characterization of the Amari--Chentsov $α$-connections on the Takano Gaussian space is also given.

math.DG↗

arXiv2025

On Hopf hypersurfaces of the complex hyperbolic quadric with constant principal curvatures

In this paper, we study the Hopf hypersurfaces of the complex hyperbolic quadric $Q^{m*}=SO^o_{2,m}/(SO_2\times SO_m)$ ($m\geq3$) with constant principal curvatures. We classify the Hopf hypersurfaces of $Q^{m*}$ ($m\geq3$) with at most two distinct constant principal curvatures. For Hopf hypersurfaces with three or four distinct constant principal curvatures, we determine the values of the principal curvatures as well as their multiplicities.

math.DG↗

arXiv2025

On Hopf hypersurfaces of the complex quadric with constant principal curvatures

In this paper, we classify the Hopf hypersurfaces of the complex quadric $Q^m=SO_{m+2}/(SO_2SO_m)$ ($m\geq3$) with at most five distinct constant principal curvatures. We also classify the Hopf hypersurfaces of $Q^m$ ($m=3,4,5$) with constant principal curvatures. All these real hypersurfaces are open parts of homogeneous examples.

math.DG↗

arXiv2024

On the Euler characteristics for quandles

A quandle is an algebraic system whose axioms generalize the algebraic structure of the point symmetries of symmetric spaces. In this paper, we give a definition of Euler characteristics for quandles. In particular, the quandle Euler characteristic of a compact connected Riemannian symmetric space coincides with the topological Euler characteristic. Additionally, we calculate the Euler characteristics of some finite quandles, including generalized Alexander quandles, core quandles, discrete spheres, and discrete tori. Furthermore, we prove several properties of quandle Euler characteristics, which suggest that they share similar properties with topological Euler characteristics.

math.GT↗

arXiv2024

Nilpotent Lie algebras obtained by quivers and Ricci solitons

Nilpotent Lie groups with left-invariant metrics provide non-trivial examples of Ricci solitons. One typical example is given by the class of two-step nilpotent Lie algebras obtained from simple directed graphs. In this paper, however, we focus on the use of quivers to construct nilpotent Lie algebras. A quiver is a directed graph that allows loops and multiple arrows between two vertices. Utilizing the concept of paths within quivers, we introduce a method for constructing nilpotent Lie algebras from finite quivers without cycles. We prove that for all these Lie algebras, the corresponding simply-connected nilpotent Lie groups admit left-invariant Ricci solitons. The method we introduce constructs a broad family of Ricci soliton nilmanifolds with arbitrarily high degrees of nilpotency.

math.DG↗

arXiv2024

Homogeneous quandles with abelian inner automorphism groups and vertex-transitive graphs

A quandle is an algebraic system originated in knot theory, and can be regarded as a generalization of symmetric spaces. The inner automorphism group of a quandle is defined as the group generated by the point symmetries (right multiplications). In this paper, starting from any simple graphs, we construct quandles whose inner automorphism groups are abelian. We also prove that the constructed quandle is homogeneous if and only if the graph is vertex-transitive. This shows that there is a wide family of quandles with abelian inner automorphism groups, even if we impose the homogeneity. The key examples of such quandles are realized as subquandles of oriented real Grassmannian manifolds.

math.GT↗

arXiv2021

Codimension one Ricci soliton subgroups of solvable Iwasawa groups

Recently, Jablonski proved that, to a large extent, a simply connected solvable Lie group endowed with a left-invariant Ricci soliton metric can be isometrically embedded into the solvable Iwasawa group of a non-compact symmetric space. Motivated by this result, we classify codimension one subgroups of the solvable Iwasawa groups of irreducible symmetric spaces of non-compact type whose induced metrics are Ricci solitons. We also obtain the classifications of codimension one Ricci soliton subgroups of Damek-Ricci spaces and generalized Heisenberg groups.

math.DG↗

arXiv2020

A classification of left-invariant symplectic structures on some Lie groups

We are interested in the classification of left-invariant symplectic structures on Lie groups. Some classifications are known, especially in low dimensions. In this paper we establish a new approach to classify (up to automorphism and scale) left-invariant symplectic structures on Lie groups. The procedure is based on the moduli space of left-invariant nondegenerate $2$-forms. Then we apply our procedure for two particular Lie groups of dimension $2n$ and give classifications of left-invariant symplectic structures on them.

math.DG↗

arXiv2020

A classification of left-invariant Lorentzian metrics on some nilpotent Lie groups

It has been known that there exist exactly three left-invariant Lorentzian metrics up to scaling and automorphisms on the three dimensional Heisenberg group. In this paper, we classify left-invariant Lorentzian metrics on the direct product of three dimensional Heisenberg group and the Euclidean space of dimension $n-3$ with $n \geq 4$, and prove that there exist exactly six such metrics on this Lie group up to scaling and automorphisms. Moreover we show that only one of them is flat, and the other five metrics are Ricci solitons but not Einstein. We also characterize this flat metric as the unique closed orbit, where the equivalence class of each left-invariant metric can be identified with an orbit of a certain group action on some symmetric space.

math.DG↗

arXiv2017

Realizations of some contact metric manifolds as Ricci soliton real hypersurfaces

Ricci soliton contact metric manifolds with certain nullity conditions have recently been studied by Ghosh and Sharma. Whereas the gradient case is well-understood, they provided a list of candidates for the nongradient case.These candidates can be realized as Lie groups, but one only knows the structures of the underlying Lie algebras, which are hard to be analyzed apart from the three-dimensional case. In this paper, we study these Lie groups with dimension greater than three, and prove that the connected, simply-connected, and complete ones can be realized as homogeneous real hypersurfaces in noncompact real two-plane Grassmannians. These realizations enable us to prove, in a Lie-theoretic way, that all of them are actually Ricci soliton.

math.DG↗

arXiv2015

On the moduli spaces of left-invariant pseudo-Riemannian metrics on Lie groups

In this paper, we formulate a procedure to obtain a generalization of Milnor frames for left-invariant pseudo-Riemannian metrics on a given Lie group. This procedure is an analogue of the recent studies on left-invariant Riemannian metrics, and is based on the moduli space of left-invariant pseudo-Riemannian metrics. As one of applications, we show that any left-invariant pseudo-Riemannian metrics of arbitrary signature on the Lie groups of real hyperbolic spaces have constant sectional curvatures.

math.DG↗

arXiv2015

Flat connected finite quandles

Quandles can be regarded as generalizations of symmetric spaces. In the study of symmetric spaces, the notion of flatness plays an important role. In this paper, we define the notion of flat quandles, by referring to the theory of Riemannian symmetric spaces, and classify flat connected finite quandles.

math.DG↗

arXiv2015

Three-dimensional solvsolitons and the minimality of the corresponding submanifolds

In this paper, we define the corresponding submanifolds to left-invariant Riemannian metrics on Lie groups, and study the following question: does a distinguished left-invariant Riemannian metric on a Lie group correspond to a distinguished submanifold? As a result, we prove that the solvsolitons on three-dimensional simply-connected solvable Lie groups are completely characterized by the minimality of the corresponding submanifolds.

math.DG↗

arXiv2015

Milnor-type theorems for left-invariant Riemannian metrics on Lie groups

For all left-invariant Riemannian metrics on three-dimensional unimodular Lie groups, there exist particular left-invariant orthonormal frames, so-called Milnor frames. In this paper, for any left-invariant Riemannian metrics on any Lie groups, we give a procedure to obtain an analogous of Milnor frames, in the sense that the bracket relations among them can be written with relatively smaller number of parameters. Our procedure is based on the moduli space of left-invariant Riemannian metrics. Some explicit examples of such frames and applications will also be given.

math.DG↗

arXiv2013

On classification of quandles of cyclic type

In this paper, we study quandles of cyclic type, which form a particular subclass of finite quandles. The main result of this paper describes the set of isomorphism classes of quandles of cyclic type in terms of certain cyclic permutations. By using our description, we give a direct classification of quandles of cyclic type with cardinality up to $12$.

math.GT↗

arXiv2013

Two-point homogeneous quandles with prime cardinality

Quandles can be regarded as generalizations of symmetric spaces. Among symmetric spaces, two-point homogeneous Riemannian manifolds would be the most fundamental ones. In this paper, we define two-point homogeneous quandles analogously, and classify those with prime cardinality.

math.GT↗