On a generalized maximum principle for a transport-diffusion model with $\log$-modulated fractional dissipation
We consider a transport-diffusion equation of the form $\partial_t θ+v \cdot \nabla θ+ ν\A θ=0$, where $v$ is a given time-dependent vector field on $\mathbb R^d$. The operator $\A$ represents log-modulated fractional dissipation: $\A=\frac {|\nabla|^γ}{\log^β(λ+|\nabla|)}$ and the parameters $ν\ge 0$, $β\ge 0$, $0\le γ\le 2$, $λ>1$. We introduce a novel nonlocal decomposition of the operator $\A$ in terms of a weighted integral of the usual fractional operators $|\nabla|^{s}$, $0\le s \le γ$ plus a smooth remainder term which corresponds to an $L^1$ kernel. For a general vector field $v$ (possibly non-divergence-free) we prove a generalized $L^\infty$ maximum principle of the form $ |θ(t)|_\infty \le e^{Ct} |θ_0|_{\infty}$ where the constant $C=C(ν,β,γ)>0$. In the case $\text{div}(v)=0$ the same inequality holds for $|θ(t)|_p$ with $1\le p \le \infty$. At the cost of an exponential factor, this extends a recent result of Hmidi (2011) to the full regime $d\ge 1$, $0\le γ\le 2$ and removes the incompressibility assumption in the $L^\infty$ case.