Hubert Kluepfel | Searcharxiv

arXiv2008

Evacuation Dynamics: Empirical Results, Modeling and Applications

This extensive review was written for the ``Encyclopedia of Complexity and System Science'' (Springer, 2008) and addresses a broad audience ranging from engineers to applied mathematicians, computer scientists and physicists. It provides an extensive overview of various aspects of pedestrian dynamics, focussing on evacuation processes. First the current status of empirical results is critically reviewed as it forms the basis for the calibration of models needed for quantitative predictions. Then various modeling approaches are discussed, focussing on cellular automata models. Finally, some specific applications to safety analysis in public buildings or public transport are presented.

physics.soc-ph↗

arXiv2004

Discretisation effects and the influence of walking speed in cellular automata models for pedestrian dynamics

We study discretisation effects in cellular automata models for pedestrian dynamics by reducing the cell size. Then a particle occupies more than one cell which leads to subtle effects in the dynamics, e.g. non-local conflict situations. Results from computer simulations of the floor field model are compared with empirical findings. Furthermore the influence of increasing the maximal walking speed $v_{\rm max}$ is investigated by increasing the interaction range beyond nearest neighbour interactions. The extension of the model to $v_{\rm max}>1$ turns out to be a severe challenge which can be solved in different ways. Four major variants are discussed that take into account different dynamical aspects. The variation of $v_{\rm max}$ has strong influence on the shape of the flow-density relation. We show that walking speeds $v_{\rm max}>1$ lead to results which are in very good agreement with empirical data.

cond-mat.stat-mech↗