arXiv subjects
Publications and source records attributed to Hung-Lin Chiu.
We study a CR-invariant equation for vanishing $E_1$ surfaces in the 3-dimensional Heisenberg group. This is shown to be a hyperbolic equation. We prove the local uniqueness theorem for an initial value problem and classify all such global surfaces with rotational symmetry. We also show that the Clifford torus in the CR 3-sphere is not a local minimizer of $E_1$ by computing the second variation.
In this paper, we show the fundamental theorems for rotationally symmetric hypersurfaces, and thus, together with the earlier results in [3] and [4], provide a complete classification of umbilic hypersurfaces in the Heisenberg groups $H_{n}$. In addition, we give a complete description of generating curves for rotationally symmetric hypersurfaces with constant $p$-mean curvature $H=c$ (including $H=0$) in the Heisenberg group $H_{n}$. We also establish the validity of Alexandrov's theorem for rotationally symmetric hypersurfaces in $H_n$.
One primary objective in submanifold geometry is to discover fascinating and significant classical examples of $H_1$. In this paper which relies on the theory we established in [Adv. Math. 405 (2022), 08514, 50 pages, arXiv:2101.11780] and utilizing the approach we provided for constructing constant $p$-mean curvature surfaces, we have identified intriguing examples of such surfaces. Notably, we present a complete description of rotationally invariant surfaces of constant $p$-mean curvature and shed light on the geometric interpretation of the energy $E$ with a lower bound.
In this paper, we show that the sub-Laplacian of an asymptotically flat pseudo-hermitian manifold defined on a suitable weighted Folland-Stein spaces is an isomorphism. It turns out that the CR positive mass problem is resolved, and hence CR Yamabe problem.
We consider the CR Yamabe equation with critical Sobolev exponent on a closed contact manifold M of dimension 2n + 1. The problem of finding solutions with minimum energy has been resolved for all dimensions except dimension 5 (n = 2). In this paper we prove the existence of minimum energy solutions in the 5-dimensional case when M is spin. The proof is based on a positive mass theorem built up through a spinorial approach.
In Euclidean $3$-space, it is well known that the Sine-Gordon equation was considered in the nineteenth century in the course of investigations of surfaces of constant Gaussian curvature $K=-1$. Such a surface can be constructed from a solution to the Sine-Gordon equation, and vice versa. With this as motivation, employing the fundamental theorem of surfaces in the Heisenberg group $H_{1}$, we show in this paper that the existence of a constant $p$-mean curvature surface (without singular points) is equivalent to the existence of a solution to a nonlinear second-order ODE (1.2), which is a kind of {\bf Li\'{e}nard equations}. Therefore, we turn to investigate this equation. It is a surprise that we give a complete set of solutions to (1.2) (or (1.5)), and hence use the types of the solution to divide constant $p$-mean curvature surfaces into several classes. As a result, after a kind of normalization, we obtain a representation of constant $p$-mean curvature surfaces and classify further all constant $p$-mean curvature surfaces. In Section 9, we provide an approach to construct $p$-minimal surfaces. It turns out that, in some sense, generic $p$-minimal surfaces can be constructed via this approach. Finally, as a derivation, we recover the Bernstein-type theorem which was first shown in [3] (or see [7,8]).
Suppose $M_{1}$ and $M_{2}$ are $3$-dimensional closed (compact without boundary) CR manifolds with positive CR Yamabe constant. In this note, we show that the connected sum of $M_{1}$ and $M_{2}$ also admits a CR structure with positive CR Yamabe constant.
Suppose $M_{1}$ and $M_{2}$ are two closed (compact with no boundary) spherical CR manifolds with positive CR Yamabe constant. In this note, we show that the connected sum of $M_{1}$ and $M_{2}$ also admits a spherical CR structure with positive CR Yamabe constant.
In this paper, we study some basic geometric properties of pseudohermitian submanifolds of the Heisenberg groups. In particular, we obtain the uniqueness and existence theorems, and some rigidity theorems.
We study the strong maximum principle for horizontal (p-) mean curvature operator and p-(sub)laplacian operator on subriemannian manifolds including, in particular, Heisenberg groups and Heisenberg cylinders. Under a certain Hormander type condition on vector fields, we show the strong maximum principle holds in higher dimensions for two cases: (a) the touching point is nonsingular; (b) the touching point is an isolated singular point for one of comparison functions. For a background subriemannian manifold with local symmetry of isometric translations, we have the strong maximum principle for associated graphs which include, among others, intrinsic graphs with constant horizontal (p-) mean curvature. As applications, we show a rigidity result of horizontal (p-) minimal hypersurfaces in any higher dimensional Heisenberg cylinder and a pseudo-halfspace theorem for any Heisenberg group.
We study immersed, connected, umbilic hypersurfaces in the Heisenberg group $H_{n}$ with $n$ $\geq $ $2.$ We show that such a hypersurface, if closed, must be rotationally invariant up to a Heisenberg translation. Moreover, we prove that, among others, Pansu spheres are the only such spheres with positive constant sigma-k curvature up to Heisenberg translations.
We study the horizontally regular curves in the Heisenberg groups $H_n$. We show the fundamental theorem of curves in $H_n$ $(n\geq 2)$ and define the concept of the orders for horizontally regular curves. We also show that the curve $\gamma$ is of order $k$ if and only if $\gamma$ lies in $H_k$ but not in $H_{k-1}$ up to a Heisenberg rigid motion; moreover, two curves with the same order differ from a rigid motion if and only if they have the same p-curvatures and contact normality. Thus, combining with our previous work we have completed the classification of horizontally regular curves in $H_n$ for $n\geq 1$.
We show the fundamental theorems of curves and surfaces in the 3-dimensional Heisenberg group and find a complete set of invariants for curves and surfaces respectively. The proofs are based on Cartan's method of moving frames and Lie group theory. As an application of the main theorems, a Crofton-type formula is proved in terms of p-area which naturally arises from the variation of volume. The application makes a connection between CR geometry and integral geometry.
For $n\geq 2$ we define a notion of umbilicity for hypersurfaces in the Heisenberg group $H_{n}$. We classify umbilic hypersurfaces in some cases, and prove that Pansu spheres are the only umbilic spheres with positive constant $p$(or horizontal)-mean curvature in $H_{n}$ up to Heisenberg translations.
We study the local equivalence problems of curves and surfaces in three dimensional Heisenberg group via Cartans method of moving frames and Lie groups, and find a complete set of invariants for curves and surfaces. For surfaces, in terms of these invariants and their suitable derivatives, we also give a Gaussian curvature fromula of the metric induced from the adapted metric on Heisenberg group, and hence form a new formula for the Euler number of a closed surface.
Let $M$ be a closed (compact with no boundary) spherical $CR$ manifold of dimension $2n+1$. Let $\widetilde{M}$ be the universal covering of $M.$ Let $% Φ$ denote a $CR$ developing map {equation*} Φ:\widetilde{M}\rightarrow S^{2n+1} {equation*}% where $S^{2n+1}$ is the standard unit sphere in complex $n+1$-space $C^{n+1}$% . Suppose that the $CR$ Yamabe invariant of $M$ is positive. Then we show that $Φ$ is injective for $n\geq 3$. In the case $n=2$, we also show that $Φ$ is injective under the condition: $s(M)<1$. It then follows that $M$ is uniformizable.
Let $Ω$ be a bounded strictly pseudoconvex domain in $C^2$ with a smooth, connected and compact boundary M and having a CR structure $J_0$ induced from $C^2$. Assume this CR structure has zero Webster torsion. Then if we deform the CR structure through real-analytic dependence on the deformation parameter and such that each deformed structure along the deformation path is smooth and embeddable in $C^2$, we show that for small deformations of the CR structure $J$ from $J_0$, the associated CR Paneitz operator for $J$ is non-negative. We also show that the Webster curvature for any ellipsoid in $C^2$ is positive. The results in this paper complement and provide partial converses to our earlier paper, (to appear Duke Math. J.) arxiv: 1007.5020.
Let M^3 be a closed CR 3-manifold. In this paper we derive a Bochner formula for the Kohn Laplacian in which the pseudo-hermitian torsion plays no role. By means of this formula we show that the non-zero eigenvalues of the Kohn Laplacian are bounded below by a positive constant provided the CR Paneitz operator is non-negative and the Webster curvature is positive. Our lower bound for the non-zero eigenvalues is sharp and is attained on S^3. A consequence of our lower bound is that all compact CR 3-manifolds with non-negative CR Paneitz operator and positive CR Yamabe constant are embeddable. Non-negativity of the CR Paneitz operator and positivity of the CR Yamabe constant are both CR invariant conditions and do not depend on conformal changes of the contact form. In addition we show that under the sufficient conditions above for embeddability, the embedding is stable in the sense of Burns and Epstein. We also show that for the Rossi example for non-embedability, the CR Paneitz operator is negative. For CR structures close to the standard structure on $S^3$ we show the CR Paneitz operator is positive on the space of pluriharmonic functions with respect to the standard CR structure on $S^3$.