arXiv subjects

Hyuk Kim

Publications and source records attributed to Hyuk Kim.

14 recordsLinked to original sources

arXiv2026

Computations of parabolic character schemes of knots

We compute parabolic $\mathrm{SL}_2(\mathbb{C})$-character schemes of knots using the parabolic quandle. To this end, we introduce sign-refined arc-colorings and show that their sign data encode the obstruction classes of the induced parabolic representations. We also establish a correspondence between the schemes defined by sign-refined arc-colorings and the parabolic character scheme. This yields a practical diagrammatic method for computing complete lists of parabolic characters, together with their multiplicities and obstruction classes. Using this method, we verify a conjecture of B\'{e}nard and Detcherry for all small knots with at most $12$ crossings.

math.GT↗

arXiv2026

Symplectic quandle Method and $SL(2,\mathbb C)$-representations of 2-bridge Knots

In this paper, we extend the symplectic quandle method, previously employed in our study of parabolic representations of knot groups, to investigate the general $SL(2,\mathbb{C})$-representations of 2-bridge ``kmot" groups. We introduce a `generalized symplectic quandle structure' corresponding to ($\mathcal{D}_M$, conjugation) for each $M\in\mathbb C\setminus \{0,1,-1\}$, where $\mathcal{D}_M=\{A\in SL(2,\mathbb{C})\mid tr(A)= M+M^{-1} \}$. By converting the system of conjugation quandle equations to that of generalized symplectic quandle equations, we obtain a simpler expression for the 2-variable Riley polynomial and derive some recursive formulas for Riley polynomials and Alexander polynomials. This approach enables us to effectively compute the A-polynomials, allowing us to obtain numerous previously unknown A-polynomials within minutes using Mathematica.

math.GT↗

arXiv2024

Non-freeness of parabolic two-generator groups

A complex number $\lambda$ is said to be non-free if the subgroup of $SL(2,\bc)$ generated by $$X=\begin{pmatrix} 1& 1\\ 0 & 1 \end{pmatrix} \,\, \text{and}\,\,\,Y_{\lambda}=\begin{pmatrix} 1& 0\\ \lambda & 1 \end{pmatrix}$$ is not a free group of rank 2. In this case the number $\lambda$ is called a relation number, and it has been a long standing problem to determine the relation numbers. In this paper, we characterize the relation numbers by establishing the equivalence between $\lambda$ being a relation number and $u:=\sqrt{- \lambda}$ being a root of a `generalized Chebyshev polynomial'. The generalized Chebyshev polynomials of degree $k$ are given by a sequence of $k$ integers $(n_1, n_2,\cdots, n_k)$ using the usual recursive formula, and thereby can be studied systematically using continuants and continued fractions. Such formulation, then, enables us to prove that, the question whether a given number $\lambda$ is a relation number of $u$-degree $k$ can be answered by checking only finitely many generalized Chebyshev polynomials. Based on these theorems, we design an algorithm deciding any given number is a relation number with minimal degree $k$. With its computer implementation we provide a few sample examples, with a particular emphasis on the well known conjecture that every rational number in the interval $(-4, 4)$ is a relation number.

math.GR↗

arXiv2022

Parabolic representations and generalized Riley polynomials

We generalize R. Riley's study about parabolic representations of two bridge knot groups to the general knots in $S^3$. We utilize the parabolic quandle method for general knot diagrams and adopt symplectic quandle for better investigation, which gives such representations and their complex volumes explicitly. For any knot diagram with a specified crossing $c$, we define a generalized Riley polynomial $R_c(y) \in \mathbb{Q}[y]$ whose roots correspond to the conjugacy classes of parabolic representations of the knot group. The sign-type of parabolic quandle is newly introduced and we obtain a formula for the obstruction class to lift to a boundary unipotent $\text{SL}_2 \mathbb{C}$-representation. Moreover, we define another polynomial $g_c(u)\in\mathbb{Q}[u]$, called $u$-polynomial, and prove that $R_c(u^2)=\pm g_c(u)g_c(-u)$. Based on this result, we introduce and investigate Riley field and $u$-field which are closely related to the invariant trace field. This method eventually leads to the complete classification of parabolic representations of knot groups along with their complex volumes and cusp shapes up to 12 crossings.

math.GT↗

arXiv2022

Continuant, Chebyshev polynomials, and Riley polynomials

In the previous paper, we showed that the Riley polynomial $\mathcal{R}_K(\lambda)$ of each 2-bridge knot $K$ is split into $\mathcal{R}_K(-u^2)=\pm g(u)g(-u)$, for some integral coefficient polynomial $g(u)\in \mathbb Z[u]$. In this paper, we study this splitting property of the Riley polynomial. We show that the Riley polynomial can be expressed by `$\epsilon$-Chebyshev polynomials', which is a generalization of Chebyshev polynomials containing the information of $\epsilon_i$-sequence $(\epsilon_i=(-1)^{[i\frac{\beta}{\alpha}]})$ of the 2-bridge knot $K=S(\alpha,\beta)$, and then we give an explicit formula for the splitting polynomial $g(u)$ also as $\epsilon$-Chebyshev polynomials. As applications, we find a sufficient condition for the irreducibility of the Riley polynomials and show the unimodal property of the symmetrized Riley polynomial.

math.GT↗

arXiv2021

A Novel Approach for Semiconductor Etching Process with Inductive Biases

The etching process is one of the most important processes in semiconductor manufacturing. We have introduced the state-of-the-art deep learning model to predict the etching profiles. However, the significant problems violating physics have been found through various techniques such as explainable artificial intelligence and representation of prediction uncertainty. To address this problem, this paper presents a novel approach to apply the inductive biases for etching process. We demonstrate that our approach fits the measurement faster than physical simulator while following the physical behavior. Our approach would bring a new opportunity for better etching process with higher accuracy and lower cost.

stat.ML↗

arXiv2020

Symplectic quandles and parabolic representations of 2-bridge Knots and Links

In this paper we study the parabolic representations of 2-bridge links by finiding arc coloring vectors on the Conway diagram. The method we use is to convert the system of conjugation quandle equations to that of symplectic quandle equations. In this approach, we have an integer coefficient monic polynomial $P_K(u)$ for each 2-bridge link $K$, and each zero of this polynomial gives a set of arc coloring vectors on the diagram of $K$ satisfying the system of symplectic quandle equations, which gives an explicit formula for a parabolic representation of $K$. We then explain how these arc coloring vectors give us the closed form formulas of the complex volume and the cusp shape of the representation. As other applications of this method, we show some interesting arithmetic properties of the Riley polynomial and of the trace field, and also describe a necessary and sufficient condition for the existence of epimorphisms between 2-bridge link groups in terms of divisibility of the corresponding Riley polynomials.

math.GT↗

arXiv2019

Octahedral developing of knot complement II: Ptolemy coordinates and applications

It is known that a knot complement (minus two points) decomposes into ideal octahedra with respect to a given knot diagram. In this paper, we study the Ptolemy variety for such an octahedral decomposition in perspective of Thurston's gluing equation variety. More precisely, we compute explicit Ptolemy coordinates in terms of segment and region variables, the coordinates of the gluing equation variety motivated from the volume conjecture. As a consequence, we present an explicit formula for computing the obstruction to lifting a $(\mathrm{PSL}(2,\mathbb{C}),P)$-representation of the knot group to a $(\mathrm{SL}(2,\mathbb{C}),P)$-representation. We also present a diagrammatic algorithm to compute a holonomy representation of the knot group.

math.GT↗

arXiv2016

Octahedral developing of knot complement I: pseudo-hyperbolic structure

It is known that a knot complement can be decomposed into ideal octahedra along a knot diagram. A solution to the gluing equations applied to this decomposition gives a pseudo-developing map of the knot complement, which will be called a pseudo-hyperbolic structure. In this paper, we study these in terms of segment and region variables which are motivated by the volume conjecture so that we can compute complex volumes of all the boundary parabolic representations explicitly. We investigate the octahedral developing and holonomy representation carefully, and obtain a concrete formula of Wirtinger generators for the representation and also cusp shape. We demonstrate explicit solutions for $T(2,N)$ torus knots, $J(N,M)$ knots and also for other interesting knots as examples. Using these solutions we can observe the asymptotic behavior of complex volumes and cusp shapes of these knots. We note that this construction works for any knot or link, and reflects systematically both geometric properties of the knot complement and combinatorial aspect of the knot diagram.

math.GT↗

arXiv2014

Optimistic limits of Kashaev invariants and complex volumes of hyperbolic links

Yokota suggested an optimistic limit method of the Kashaev invariants of hyperbolic knots and showed it determines the complex volumes of the knots. His method is very effective and gives almost combinatorial method of calculating the complex volumes. However, to describe the triangulation of the knot complement, he restricted his method to knot diagrams with certain conditions. Although these restrictions are general enough for any hyperbolic knots, we have to select a good diagram of the knot to apply his theory. In this article, we suggest more combinatorial way to calculate the complex volumes of hyperbolic links using the modified optimistic limit method. This new method works for any link diagrams, and it is more intuitive, easy to handle and has natural geometric meaning.

math.GT↗

arXiv2010

The analytic continuation of hyperbolic space

We define and study an extended hyperbolic space which contains the hyperbolic space and de Sitter space as subspaces and which is obtained as an analytic continuation of the hyperbolic space. The construction of the extended space gives rise to a complex valued geometry consistent with both the hyperbolic and de Sitter space. Such a construction shed a light and inspires a new insight for the study of the hyperbolic geometry and Lorentzian geometry. We discuss the advantages of this new geometric model as well as some of its applications.

math.MG↗

arXiv2006

Volume of $C^{1,α}$-boundary domain in extended hyperbolic space

We consider the projectivization of Minkowski space with the analytic continuation of the hyperbolic metric and call this an extended hyperbolic space. We can measure the volume of a domain lying across the boundary of the hyperbolic space using an analytic continuation argument. In this paper we show this method can be further generalized to find the volume of a domain with smooth boundary with suitable regularity in dimension 2 and 3. We also discuss that this volume is invariant under the group of hyperbolic isometries and that this regularity condition is sharp.

math.MG↗

arXiv2005

A characterization of Cayley Hypersurface and Eastwood and Ezhov conjecture

Eastwood and Ezhov generalized the Cayley surface to the Cayley hypersurface in each dimension, proved some characteristic properties of the Cayley hypersurface and conjectured that a homogeneous hypersurface in affine space satisfying these properties must be the Cayley hypersurface. We will prove this conjecture when the domain bounded by a graph of a function defined on $\R^n$ is also homogeneous giving a characterization of Cayley hypersurface. The idea of the proof is to look at the problem of affine homogeneous hypersurfaces as that of left symmetric algebras with a Hessian type inner product. This method gives a new insight and powerful algebraic tools for the study of homogeneous affine hypersurfaces.

math.DG↗

arXiv2002

Invariant Measure and the Euler Characteristic of Projectively Flat Manifolds

In this paper, we show that the Euler characteristic of an even dimensional closed projectively flat manifold is equal to the total measure which is induced from a probability Borel measure on RP^n invariant under the holonomy action, and then discuss its consequences and applications. As an application, we show that the Chern's conjecture is true for a closed affinely flat manifold whose holonomy group action permits an invariant probability Borel measure on RP^n; that is, such a closed affinly flat manifold has a vanishing Euler characteristic.

math.GT↗