arXiv subjects

I. Abril-Cabezas

Publications and source records attributed to I. Abril-Cabezas.

4 recordsLinked to original sources

arXiv2026

Investigating interstellar dust along the line of sight of GX 13+1 using different dust size distributions

Context. High-resolution X-ray spectroscopy offers a powerful tool to investigate the physical and chemical properties of dust grains, especially through the analysis of absorption edges of elements such as oxygen, magnesium, silicon, and iron, which are the main constituents of interstellar dust. In all previous X-ray studies, these absorption edges have been modeled assuming the MRN grain size distribution. This model successfully reproduces the average interstellar extinction curve. However, with the advent of new observations, it shows important limitations, indicating that more complex grain-size distributions are required to fully describe interstellar dust properties. Aims. We aim to constrain the composition and size distribution of interstellar dust along the line of sight to the bright low-mass X-ray binary GX 13+1. Methods. We analyzed high-resolution X-ray spectra obtained with the Chandra HETG instrument (MEG+1 and MEG-3) and simultaneously modeled the Si K and Mg K absorption edges. For the first time, we compared the classical Mathis et al. 1977, ApJ, 217, 425 grain size distribution with other grain size distributions, thus exploring different ISM densities. Results. Our analysis rules out scenarios of both very diffuse and very dense ISM, favoring grain size distributions associated with average Galactic conditions along this line of sight. The dust composition is found to be dominated by amorphous olivine and the crystallinity contribution is about 2%. The depletion patterns and elemental abundances derived are consistent with prior X-ray and infrared studies.

astro-ph.GA↗

arXiv2025

The Simons Observatory: forecasted constraints on primordial gravitational waves with the expanded array of Small Aperture Telescopes

We present updated forecasts for the scientific performance of the degree-scale (0.5 deg FWHM at 93 GHz), deep-field survey to be conducted by the Simons Observatory (SO). By 2027, the SO Small Aperture Telescope (SAT) complement will be doubled from three to six telescopes, including a doubling of the detector count in the 93 GHz and 145 GHz channels to 48,160 detectors. Combined with a planned extension of the survey duration to 2035, this expansion will significantly enhance SO's search for a $B$-mode signal in the polarisation of the cosmic microwave background, a potential signature of gravitational waves produced in the very early Universe. Assuming a $1/f$ noise model with knee multipole $\ell_{\rm knee} = 50$ and a moderately complex model for Galactic foregrounds, we forecast a $1σ$ (or 68% confidence level) constraint on the tensor-to-scalar ratio $r$ of $σ_r = 1.2\times10^{-3}$, assuming no primordial $B$-modes are present. This forecast assumes that 70% of the $B$-mode lensing signal can ultimately be removed using high resolution observations from the SO Large Aperture Telescope (LAT) and overlapping large-scale structure surveys. For more optimistic assumptions regarding foregrounds and noise, and assuming the same level of delensing, this forecast constraint improves to $σ_r = 7\times10^{-4}$. These forecasts represent a major improvement in SO's constraining power, being a factor of around 2.5 times better than what could be achieved with the originally planned campaign, which assumed the existing three SATs would conduct a five-year survey.

astro-ph.CO↗

arXiv2025

The Simons Observatory: Science Goals and Forecasts for the Enhanced Large Aperture Telescope

We describe updated scientific goals for the wide-field, millimeter-wave survey that will be produced by the Simons Observatory (SO). Significant upgrades to the 6-meter SO Large Aperture Telescope (LAT) are expected to be complete by 2028, and will include a doubled mapping speed with 30,000 new detectors and an automated data reduction pipeline. In addition, a new photovoltaic array will supply most of the observatory's power. The LAT survey will cover about 60% of the sky at a regular observing cadence, with five times the angular resolution and ten times the map depth of Planck. The science goals are to: (1) determine the physical conditions in the early universe and constrain the existence of new light particles; (2) measure the integrated distribution of mass, electron pressure, and electron momentum in the late-time universe, and, in combination with optical surveys, determine the neutrino mass and the effects of dark energy via tomographic measurements of the growth of structure at $z < 3$; (3) measure the distribution of electron density and pressure around galaxy groups and clusters, and calibrate the effects of energy input from galaxy formation on the surrounding environment; (4) produce a sample of more than 30,000 galaxy clusters, and more than 100,000 extragalactic millimeter sources, including regularly sampled AGN light-curves, to study these sources and their emission physics; (5) measure the polarized emission from magnetically aligned dust grains in our Galaxy, to study the properties of dust and the role of magnetic fields in star formation; (6) constrain asteroid regoliths, search for Trans-Neptunian Objects, and either detect or eliminate large portions of the phase space in the search for Planet 9; and (7) provide a powerful new window into the transient universe on time scales of minutes to years, concurrent with observations from Rubin of overlapping sky.

astro-ph.IM↗

arXiv2024

Constraining the properties of Population III galaxies with multi-wavelength observations

The early Universe, spanning 400,000 to 400 million years after the Big Bang ($z\approx1100-11$), has been left largely unexplored as the light from luminous objects is too faint to be observed directly. While new experiments are pushing the redshift limit of direct observations, measurements in the low-frequency radio band promise to probe early star and black hole formation via observations of the hydrogen 21-cm line. In this work we explore synergies between 21-cm data from the HERA and SARAS 3 experiments and observations of the unresolved radio and X-ray backgrounds using multi-wavelength Bayesian analysis. We use the combined data set to constrain properties of Population II and Population III stars as well as early X-ray and radio sources. The joint fit reveals a 68 percentile disfavouring of Population III star formation efficiencies $\gtrsim5.7\%$. We also show how the 21-cm and the X-ray background data synergistically constrain opposite ends of the X-ray efficiency prior distribution to produce a peak in the 1D posterior of the X-ray luminosity per star formation rate. We find (at 68\% confidence) that early galaxies were likely 0.3 to 318 times as X-ray efficient as present-day starburst galaxies. We also show that the functional posteriors from our joint fit rule out global 21-cm signals deeper than $\lesssim-203\ \mathrm{mK}$ and power spectrum amplitudes at $k=0.34\ h\mathrm{Mpc^{-1}}$ greater than $Δ_{21}^2 \gtrsim 946\ \mathrm{mK}^2$ with $3σ$ confidence.

astro-ph.CO↗