arXiv subjects
Publications and source records attributed to I. D. Novikov.
The paper considers the problem of the possibility of observing an accretion disk through the throat of the Ellis-Bronnikov-Morris-Thorne wormhole. It is shown that this image has a complex structure and is fundamentally different from the image of an accretion disk around a black hole. Images of the accretion disk are presented at various angles between the plane of the disk and the observer's line of sight.
We consider the process of catastrophic expansion of a spacelike wormhole after a violation of its equilibrium state. The dynamics of deformation of the comoving reference frame is investigated. We show that the deformation has a very specific anisotropic feature. The statement made earlier by other authors, that in the process of expanding the wormhole connecting two universes these universes ultimately unite into one universe, is not correct. We show that the transverse size of the wormhole (its throat) increases and the length of the corridor decreases which does not correspond to the de Sitter model.
The discovery of GW signal from merging neutron stars by LIGO on 17th August 2017 was followed by a short GRB170817A discovered by FERMI and INTEGRAL 1.7 seconds after the loss of the GW signal when it just reached its maximum. Here we present a reproduction of the first paper (published by us in 1984) predicting a short GRB after GW signal of merging neutron stars. Our paper followed the scenario by Clark and Eardley (1977) who predicted a catastrophic disruption of a neutron star in a binary 1.7 seconds after the peak of GW signal. Our next paper in 1990 predicted all the main properties of the short GRB with quite a reasonable accuracy. Typos in English translation are corrected and a few comments are added in the current publication as numbered footnotes (the only footnote from the original paper is marked by an asterisk).
In the framework of the Theory of General Relativity, models of stars with an unusual equation of state $ρc^2<0$, $P>0$ where $ρ$ is the mass density and $P$ is the pressure, are constructed. These objects create outside themselves the forces of gravitational repulsion. The equilibrium of such stars is ensured by a non-standard balance of forces. Negative mass density, acting gravitationally on itself, creates an acceleration of the negative mass, directed from the center. Therefore in the absence of pressure such an object tends to expand. At the same time, the positive pressure, which falls just like in ordinary stars from the center to the surface, creates a force directed from the center. This force acts on the negative mass density, which causes acceleration directed the opposite of the acting force, that is to the center of the star. This acceleration balances the gravitational repulsion produced by the negative mass. Thus, in our models gravity and pressure change roles: the negative mass tends to create a gravitational repulsion, while the gradient of the pressure acting on the negative mass tends to compress the star. In this paper, we construct several models of such a star with various equations of state.
The characteristic and distinctive features of the visibility amplitude of interferometric observations for compact objects like stars in the immediate vicinity of the central black hole in our Galaxy are considered. These features are associated with the specifics of strong gravitational scattering of point sources by black holes, wormholes, or black_white holes. The revealed features will help to determine the most important topological characteristics of the central object in our Galaxy: whether this object possesses the properties of only a black hole or also has characteristics unique to wormholes or black_white holes. These studies can be used to interpret the results of optical, infrared, and radio interferometric observations.
The electromagnetic bremsstrahlung spectrum for the dipole which falling by a spiral orbit into the Schwarzschild black hole was found. The characteristic features in this electromagnetic spectrum can be used for determine of the black hole mass by the new way. This new way (if implemented) provides higher accuracy in determining of the black hole mass. Also these features in the spectrum can be used for determine of the certain characteristics in the black hole magnetosphere or in the accretion disk characteristics around the black hole. It is also shown that the asymptotic behavior of this spectrum (at high frequencies) is practically independent from the impact parameter of the falling dipole.
In this paper we construct a precise mathematical model of the Multiverse, consisted of the universes, that are connected with each other by dynamical wormholes. We consider spherically symmetric free of matter wormholes. At the same time separate universes in this model are not necessary spherically symmetric and can significantly differ from one another. We also analyze a possibility of the information exchange between different universes.
This paper describes outstanding issues in astrophysics and cosmology that can be solved by astronomical observations in a broad spectral range from far infrared to millimeter wavelengths. The discussed problems related to the formation of stars and planets, galaxies and the interstellar medium, studies of black holes and the development of the cosmological model can be addressed by the planned space observatory Millimetron (the "Spectr-M" project) equipped with a cooled 10-m mirror. Millimetron can operate both as a single-dish telescope and as a part of a space-ground interferometer with very long baseline.
We study a static, spherically symmetric wormhole model whose metric coincides with that of the so-called Ellis wormhole but the material source of gravity consists of a perfect fluid with negative density and a source-free radial electric or magnetic field. For a certain class of fluid equations of state, it has been shown that this wormhole model is linearly stable under both spherically symmetric perturbations and axial perturbations of arbitrary multipolarity. A similar behavior is predicted for polar nonspherical perturbations. It thus seems to be the first example of a stable wormhole model in the framework of general relativity (at least without invoking phantom thin shells as wormhole sources).
The free fall of electric charges and dipoles, radial and freely falling into the Schwarzschild black hole event horizon, was considered. Inverse effect of electromagnetic fields on the black hole is neglected. Dipole was considered as a point particle, so the deformation associated with exposure by tidal forces are neglected. According to the theorem, "the lack of hair" of black holes, multipole magnetic fields must be fully emitted by multipole fall into a black hole. The spectrum of electromagnetic radiation power for these multipoles (monopole and dipole) was found. Differences were found in the spectra for different orientations of the falling dipole. A general method has been developed to find radiated electromagnetic multipole fields for the free falling multipoles into a black hole (including higher order multipoles - quadrupoles, etc.). The electromagnetic spectrum can be compared with observational data from stellar mass and smaller black holes.
The stability of one type of the static Ellis-Bronnikov-Morris-Thorne wormholes is considered. These wormholes filled with radial magnetic field and phantom dust with a negative energy density.
The analytic solution of the general relativity equations for spherically symmetric wormholes are given. We investigate the special case of a "traversable" wormhole i.e., one allowing the signal to pass through it. The energy-momentum tensor of wormhole matter is represented as a superposition of a spherically symmetric magnetic field and dust matter with negative matter density. The dynamics of the model are investigated. We discuss both the solution of the equation with a Lambda-term and without it. Superposing enough dust matter, a magnetic field, and a Lambda-term can produce a static solution, which turns out to be a spherical Multiverse model with an infinite number of wormholes connected spherical universes. Corresponding solution can be static and dynamic.
We consider the hypothesis that some active galactic nuclei and other compact astrophysical objects may be current or former entrances to wormholes. A broad mass spectrum for astrophysical wormholes is possible. We consider various new models of the static wormholes including wormholes maintained mainly by an electromagnetic field. We also discuss observational effects of a single entrance to wormhole and a model for a binary astrophysical system formed by the entrances of wormholes with magnetic fields and consider its possible manifestation.
We present an analysis of well-posedness of constrained evolution of 3+1 formulations of GR. In this analysis we explicitly take into account the energy and momentum constraints as well as possible algebraic constraints on the evolution of high-frequency perturbations of solutions of Einstein's equations. In this respect, our approach is principally different from standard analyses of well-posedness of free evolution in general relativity. Our study reveals the existence of subsets of the linearized Einstein's equations that control the well-posedness of constrained evolution. It is demonstrated that the well-posedness of ADM, BSSN and other 3+1 formulations derived from ADM by adding combinations of constraints to the right-hand-side of ADM and/or by linear transformation of the dynamical ADM variables depends entirely on the properties of the gauge. For certain classes of gauges we formulate conditions for well-posedness of constrained evolution. This provides a new basis for constructing stable numerical integration schemes for a classical Arnowitt--Deser--Misner (ADM) and many other 3+1 formulations of general relativity.
A new scheme of sky pixelization is developed for CMB maps. The scheme is based on the Gauss--Legendre polynomials zeros and allows one to create strict orthogonal expansion of the map. A corresponding code has been implemented and comparison with other methods has been done.
We report the release of the Gauss--Legendre Sky Pixelization (GLESP) software package version 1.0. In this report we present the main features and functions for processing and manipulation of sky signals. Features for CMB polarization is underway and to be incorporated in a future release. Interested readers can visit http://www.glesp.nbi.dk (www.glesp.nbi.dk) and register for receiving the package.
A general physical mechanism of the formation of line-driven winds at the vicinity of strong gravitational field sources is investigated in the frame of General Relativity. We argue that gravitational redshifting should be taken into account to model such outflows. The generalization of the Sobolev approximation in the frame of General Relativity is presented. We consider all processes in the metric of a nonrotating (Schwarzschild) black hole. The radiation force that is due to absorbtion of the radiation flux in lines is derived. It is demonstrated that if gravitational redshifting is taken into account, the radiation force becomes a function of the local velocity gradient (as in the standard line-driven wind theory) and the gradient of $g_{00}$. We derive a general relativistic equation of motion describing such flow. A solution of the equation of motion is obtained and confronted with that obtained from the Castor, Abbott & Klein (CAK) theory. It is shown that the proposed mechanism could have an important contribution to the formation of line-driven outflows from compact objects.
We consider the effects of advection and radial gradients of pressure and radial drift velocity on the structure of accretion disks around black holes with proper description of optically thick/thin transitions. We concentrated our efforts on the models with large accretion rate. Contrary to disk models neglecting advection, we find that continuous solutions extending from the outer disk regions to the inner edge exist for all accretion rates we have considered. We show that the sonic point moves outward with increasing accretion rate, and that in the innermost disk region advection acts as a heating process that may even dominate over dissipative heating. Despite the importance of advection on it's structure, the disk remains geometrically thin. Global solutions of advective accretion disks, which describe continuously the transition between optically thick outer region and optically thin inner region are constructed and analyzed.