arXiv subjects

I. Myserlis

Publications and source records attributed to I. Myserlis.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources

arXiv2026

Decoding the jet of BL Lacertae using relativistic magneto-hydrodynamics

Blazars are a highly variable subclass of active galactic nuclei, whose relativistic jet is pointed towards our line of sight at a small angle. Their variability is often characterised by multi-band flares. BL Lacertae (BL Lac), the namesake of a blazar subclass recently exhibited the highest recorded linearly polarised optical flare. We investigate the origin of this flare via very-long-baseline interferometry observations. Our analysis shows that the sweeping, helical motion of the BL Lac jet, which is known to exhibit kink-like instabilities, can explain the observed flux density spike and polarisation angle rotation, as also confirmed by our state-of-the-art relativistic magneto-hydrodynamic simulations. As a by-product of these simulations we find that baryon loading of the jet is required to optimally replicate the observed jet morphology.

astro-ph.HE↗

arXiv2026

The NIKA2 Cosmological Legacy Survey in COSMOS: Final 1.2mm and 2mm source catalogs and redshift distribution of dusty star-forming galaxies

We present the final 1.2mm and 2mm source catalogs and the redshift distribution of the mm-selected population from the NIKA2 Cosmological Legacy Survey (N2CLS) in the COSMOS field. Our aim is to provide a comprehensive dataset for studying the physical properties and evolution of high-redshift DSFGs. N2CLS covers ~1070 arcmin2 with median noise levels of 315$\mu$Jy and 91$\mu$Jy at 1.2 and 2mm, respectively. Sources are extracted with a S/N threshold of 3.9, ensuring >80% purity. Multi-wavelength counterparts are identified using high-resolution interferometric (sub-)mm data (NOEMA, ALMA) and radio observations (VLA, MeerKAT). Redshifts are compiled from spectroscopic and photometric catalogs (e.g., COSMOSWeb). The N2CLS master catalog includes 323 sources detected at >80% purity, with 104 sources detected in both bands, 197 only at 1.2mm, and 22 only at 2mm. Multi-wavelength identifications are secured for ~89% of the sample. The redshift distribution of 1.2mm sources peaks at 2.8$\pm$0.1, consistent with the epoch of peak cosmic star formation. In the total sample, we lack redshift for ~2% of the identified galaxies, plus 34 sources for which no accurate positional proxy is available, preventing the identification of a multi-wavelength counterpart. We identify 66 galaxies at z>4. The observed redshift distribution agrees well with the SIDES simulations, while four other galaxy evolution models are statistically inconsistent with the data. N2CLS is the largest contiguous deep survey to date with this depth and homogeneous coverage. This homogeneous coverage is important, as 25% of N2CLS sources lack a SCUBA2 850 mic counterpart, likely because the strongly non-uniform noise distribution of the SCUBA2 map results in lower sensitivity in parts of the field.The released data products provide a legacy dataset for studying dust-obscured galaxy evolution.

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arXiv2026

Status of the COSmological Microwave Observations CALibrator

As the sensitivity of CMB telescopes increases, the need for precise calibration becomes critical. Started in 2022, the COSMOCal project aims to place an artificial polarized source in geostationary orbit, which will serve as a reference for CMB telescopes. This source will emit at 90, 150 and 270 GHz and will be linearly polarized with a highly precise orientation smaller than 0.1 deg. This proceeding presents the scientific motivations for the project, the current status of the development of the instrument and the results of a calibration campaign performed in March 2026 at the Institut d'Astrophysique Spatiale.

astro-ph.IM↗

arXiv2026

GASTON-GP: Source catalogue and millimetre variability of massive protostellar objects

The processes governing protostellar mass growth remain debated, although episodic accretion is now understood as a key feature of protostellar evolution across all masses. Luminosity bursts have been observed in both low- and high-mass protostars, but the overall statistics remain limited, especially for high-mass objects. Over the past decade, numerical simulations of high-mass core collapse have provided a theoretical framework for interpreting protostellar variability, yet additional observational constraints are required to determine the characteristics and importance of bursts. In this work, we analyse data from GASTON-GP programme, which mapped a 2.4 square degrees region of the Galactic plane (centred at l = 24 deg) at 1.15 and 2.00 mm using NIKA2 on the IRAM 30 m telescope. The survey obtained 11 epochs over four years, offering the first opportunity to study millimetre variability in a large sample of massive protostellar sources. From the combined dataset, we constructed catalogues of 2925 compact sources at 1.15 mm and 1713 at 2.00 mm. Using a dedicated relative calibration scheme, we generated millimetre light curves for around 200 high-signal-to-noise sources and identified one variable candidate. However, it is not protostellar. Consequently, we report no robust detections of variable protostellar sources in GASTON field. This is the direct consequence of observational limitations (i.e., sensitivity, resolution) combined with the lack of any 100-fold luminosity bursts during the observations, which is consistent with estimates inferred from isolated core collapse simulations. This study highlights the need for future high-resolution, high-cadence surveys to constrain the accretion histories of massive protostars.

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arXiv2026

POLAMI Multi-Wavelength Polarization Study of AGN Jets: A Millimeter-Optical Comparison

Millimeter-band polarimetry offers a powerful probe of AGN jets, accessing regions less affected by opacity and Faraday rotation than at longer radio wavelengths. As part of the POLAMI program, we have conducted 14 years of 1 mm and 3 mm polarization monitoring of a sample of gamma-ray-bright blazars with the IRAM 30-m telescope, complemented here with long-term optical polarimetric observations from multiple facilities. We aim to test whether current models of parsec-scale jet physics are consistent with observed multi-band polarization behavior. Using a Bayesian framework, we derive intrinsic mean flux densities and modulation indices for total flux and fractional polarization, and characterize EVPA variability using circular statistics. We then examine how these quantities reflecting variability properties across millimeter and optical bands relate to synchrotron peak frequency, jet orientation, and radio/gamma-ray luminosities. BL Lac objects exhibit, on average, higher fractional polarization and lower EVPA variability than FSRQs at all wavelengths. Fractional polarization increases with frequency, consistent with increasingly ordered magnetic fields at shorter wavelengths. BL Lacs also show more frequent alignment of EVPAs between optical and millimeter bands, whereas FSRQs display weaker coherence. EVPA variability correlates positively with radio and gamma-ray luminosities and negatively with synchrotron peak frequency, most strongly in the optical. We further find a positive correlation between EVPA spread and fractional polarization variability, suggesting a direct link between magnetic-field structure and polarization dynamics.

astro-ph.HE↗

arXiv2026

Resolved ISM properties and scaling relations in the barred galaxy NGC 3627: constraints from NIKA2 observations

We investigate the interplay between star formation, interstellar medium (ISM) components, and dust properties in NGC 3627 using new NIKA2 1.15 and 2 mm observations from the IMEGIN Large Program. Our goal is to analyze dust and radio emission, decompose contributions in the millimeter-centimeter regime, and explore ISM properties within the galaxy. We perform spectral energy distribution fitting, at both global and spatial scales, using the THEMIS dust model within the HerBIE code, applied to data from 3.4 $\mu$m to 6 cm. We decompose emission into dust, free-free, and synchrotron components, and examine correlations with gas surface density and star formation activity. Additionally, we analyze the small dust grain fraction and its variation across the galaxy. We find $\sim$10% radio emission at 2 mm, peaking at 18% in the southern bar-end, which hosts the highest star formation activity. However, an isolated star-forming region beyond this bar-end is the most efficient, as indicated by its elevated dust production efficiency and effective yield, predicted by our simplistic dust evolution model. The 160 $\mu$m emission shows the strongest correlation with molecular gas, while 1.15 mm better traces the dust mass surface density. Small grains, which make up $\sim$13% of dust mass (2 $\times$ 10$^{7}$ M$_{\odot}$), are depleted in intense radiation fields, with a notable deficit in the southern tidal tail. ISM properties and chemical evolution indicate that dynamical processes, such as bar-driven gas flows and tidal interactions, are crucial in shaping the galactic structure, influencing star formation efficiency, and dust distribution.

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arXiv2025

NIKA2 Cosmological Legacy Survey. First measurement of the confusion noise at the IRAM 30 m telescope

The NIKA2 Cosmological Legacy Survey (N2CLS) is a large programme using the NIKA2 dual-band camera on the IRAM 30\,m telescope. Its goal is to improve our understanding of the physics of distant Dusty Star Forming Galaxies (DSFGs) by carrying out deep surveys of two fields, GOODS-North and COSMOS. This work is focussed on GOODS-North, which was observed for 78.2 hours, simultaneously at 1.2 and 2\,mm, with a field of view of $\sim$240\,arcmin$^2$. With such a deep integration, we were able to measure, for the first time, the confusion noise limits at the 30\,m telescope using the best sampled $\sim 62$\,arcmin$^2$ and masking sources with a flux greater than 0.54 or 0.17\,mJy at 1.2 or 2\,mm, respectively. We found a confusion noise of $139.1^{+ 15.9}_{- 19.2}\pm11.9$\,$\mu$Jy/beam at 1.2\,mm and $38.6^{+ 9.6}_{- 13.1} \pm3.7$\,$\mu$Jy/beam at 2\,mm (the first uncertainty is statistical, the second is the cosmic variance). In this region, this corresponds to half the instrumental noise. To derive these estimates, we devised a novel estimator, referred to as the cross variance, which also enabled us to estimate the correlated confusion noise between the two bands. Thus, we obtained a result of $49.6^{+ 15.9}_{- 24.8}\pm 6.4$\,$\mu$Jy/beam. These values are consistent with the state of the art Simulated Infrared Dusty Extragalactic Sky (SIDES) model.

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arXiv2025

Thermal Sunyaev-Zel'dovich effect at the core of CL J1226.9+3332 revealed by NOEMA

We present first detailed maps of the thermal Sunyaev-Zel'dovich (tSZ) effect on a $z = 0.89$ cluster with the NOrthern Extended Millimeter Array (NOEMA). The high sensitivity of these observations enabled the effective identification and removal of the millimetre-wave sources contaminating the tSZ signal, thus isolating the influence of the hot electron gas of the cluster on the cosmic microwave background radiation from other emissions. The tSZ observed with success by NOEMA was modelled together with previous single-dish observations (IRAM 30-metre, Green Bank Telescope, and Caltech Sub-millimeter Observatory) to obtain the first core-to-outskirts (from $\sim$ 15 to $\sim$ 1500 kpc) pressure profile reconstruction on such a high-redshift galaxy cluster. NOEMA observations with a high angular resolution have shown that the pressure profile is flat in the core of the cluster. These observations confirm the disturbed nature of CL J1226.9+3332 and map for the first time the distribution of its thermal gas at arcsecond scales in the environments of the central cluster galaxy. Our results showcase the excellent capabilities of NOEMA to complement and enhance the data provided by other millimetre-wave instruments in resolving the core of high-redshift clusters via tSZ emission.

astro-ph.CO↗

arXiv2025

Revealing a ribbon-like jet in OJ 287 with RadioAstron

We present space-based very long baseline interferometry observations of the BL Lac type object OJ 287 taken with RadioAstron at 22 GHz on April 25, 2016, in conjunction with a ground array comprising 27 radio telescopes. We detect ground-space fringes at projected baselines extending up to 4.6 Earth diameters, which allowed us to image the jet in OJ 287 with an angular resolution of ~47 {\mu}as. Applying an advanced regularized maximum likelihood imaging method, we resolved the innermost jet structure with a complex morphology at a resolution of ~15 {\mu}as (~0.1 pc projected distance). For the first time, due to a favorable geometrical position of the jet in tandem with high data quality, we detect multiple sharp bends that form a "ribbon-like" jet structure that extends down to 1 mas. Two-dimensional Gaussian model-fitting reveals regions of the jet with brightness temperatures of more than 10^13 K, indicative of strong Doppler boosting. Polarimetric imaging reveals that the electric vector position angles are predominantly perpendicular to the innermost jet direction, implying a dominant poloidal magnetic field component near the central engine. Complementary multi-epoch Very Long Baseline Array observations at 43 GHz provide a multifrequency view of the jet evolution. Ridgeline analysis of the 43 GHz data shows significant variations in the jet position angle from 2014 to 2017, behavior consistent with a rotating helical jet structure. Finally, we confirm the emergence of a new jet component (B15 or K), which may be associated with the source's first TeV flare, and offer new observational constraints relevant to models involving a supermassive black hole binary.

astro-ph.HE↗

arXiv2025

IXPE Observations of the Blazar Mrk 501 in 2022: A Multiwavelength View

The blazar Markarian 501 (Mrk 501) was observed on three occasions over a 4-month period between 2022 March and 2022 July with the Imaging X-ray Polarimetry Explorer (IXPE). In this paper, we report for the first time on the third IXPE observation, performed between 2022 July 9 and 12, during which IXPE detected a linear polarization degree of $\Pi_X=6\pm2$ per cent at a polarization angle, measured east of north, of $\Psi_X=143^\circ\pm11^\circ$ within the 2-8 keV X-ray band. The X-ray polarization angle and degree during this observation are consistent with those obtained during the first two observations. The chromaticity of the polarization across radio, optical, and X-ray bands is likewise consistent with the result from the simultaneous campaigns during the first two observations. Furthermore, we present two types of models to explain the observed spectral energy distributions (SEDs) and energy-resolved polarization: a synchrotron self-Compton model with an anisotropic magnetic field probability distribution in the emitting volume, as well as an energy-stratified shock model. Our results support both the shock scenario as well as support that small levels of magnetic field anisotropy can explain the observed polarization.

astro-ph.HE↗

arXiv2025

The NIKA2 cosmological legacy survey at 2 mm: catalogs, colors, redshift distributions, and implications for deep surveys

Millimeter galaxy surveys are particularly effective in detecting dusty star-forming galaxies at high redshift. While such observations are typically conducted at ~1mm, some studies suggest that 2mm may be better suited for selecting sources at even higher redshifts. We use the unprecedented 2mm data from the N2CLS, together with the SIDES simulation, to study and interpret the statistical properties of 2mm-selected galaxies. We use the N2CLS robust sample at 2mm, which contains 25 sources in the deep GOODS-N field and 90 sources in the wide COSMOS. The sources are matched with the N2CLS 1.2mm sources, the ancillary 850um sources, and redshift catalogs to study the colors and redshift distributions. We also produce end-to-end simulations based on SIDES and the observed N2CLS detector timelines to interpret the data. We find a mean S2/S1.2 color of 0.222$\pm$0.008 with a standard deviation of 0.070$\pm$0.010. We measure a mean redshift of $3.6\pm0.3$ in GOODS-N, which is marginally higher than expectations from SIDES ($2.9\pm0.2$) because of an overdensity at $z\sim5.2$, and $3.2\pm0.2$ in COSMOS, which agrees with the $3.2\pm0.2$ predicted by SIDES. We also show that the observed S2/S1.2 colors exhibit a weak dependence with redshift but a large dispersion, which limits its efficiency to select high-z sources. Finally, we studied the nine 2mm sources not detected at 1.2mm, and found that two of them are radiogalaxies, one is a z~2 galaxy, and the remaining six are compatible with the expected number of spurious detections. The N2CLS survey shows no evidence for any exotic 2mm-only galaxy population. Using SIDES, we show that 2mm samples have a higher mean redshift compared to 1.2mm because they miss z~2 dusty galaxies. Finally, we discuss the efficiency of single-dish and interferometric blind surveys to build samples of high-z dusty galaxies.

astro-ph.GA↗

arXiv2025

NIKA2 Cosmological Legacy Survey: Blind detection of galaxy clusters in the COSMOS field via the Sunyaev-Zel'dovich effect

(Abridged) Clusters of galaxies, formed in the latest stages of structure formation, are unique cosmological probes. With the advent of large CMB surveys like those from the Planck satellite, the ACT and SPT telescopes, we now have access to a large number of galaxy clusters detected at millimeter wavelengths via the thermal Sunyaev-Zel'dovich (tSZ) effect. Nevertheless, it is interesting to complement them with high-angular-resolution (tens of arcseconds) observations to target the lowest-mass and highest-redshift clusters. This is the case of observations with the NIKA2 camera, which is installed on the IRAM 30--m telescope in Pico Veleta, Spain. We used the existing 150 GHz (2 mm) data from the NIKA2 Cosmological Legacy Survey (N2CLS) Large Program to blindly search for galaxy clusters in the well-known COSMOS field, across a 877 arcmin$^2$ region centered on (R.A., Dec.)$_{J2000}$ = (10h00m28.81s, +02d17m30.44s). We first developed a dedicated data reduction pipeline to construct NIKA2 maps at 2 mm. We then used a matched-filter algorithm to extract cluster candidates assuming a universal pressure profile to model the expected cluster tSZ signal. We computed the purity and completeness of the sample by applying the previous algorithm to simulated maps of the sky signal in the COSMOS field. We find a total of 16 cluster candidates at S/N > 4, from which eight have either an optical or X-ray cluster (or group of galaxies) counterpart. This is the first blind detection of clusters of galaxies at mm wavelengths at 18" angular resolution. From this analysis, we confirm that NIKA2 and the IRAM 30--m telescope should be sensitive to low-mass clusters at intermediate and high redshift, complementing current and planned large tSZ-based cluster surveys.

astro-ph.CO↗

arXiv2025

Overdense fireworks in GOODS-N: Unveiling a record number of massive dusty star forming galaxies at z$\sim$5.2 with the N2CLS

As part of the N2CLS Survey, we have identified a remarkable overdensity of eight bright dusty star-forming galaxies at z$\sim$5.2 in the GOODS-N field. Three of these galaxies, N2GN_1_01, 06, and 23 (known as GN10, HDF850.1, and S3, respectively), had previously been spectroscopically confirmed as members of the exceptional large-scale structure at z$\sim$5.1-5.3, which is notably elongated along the line of sight, spanning 30 cMpc. We present the spectroscopic confirmation of N2GN_1_13 at z$_{\rm spec}$=5.182, a massive dusty star-forming galaxy identified through targeted NOEMA observations, and N2GN_1_61 at z$_{\rm spec}$=5.201, revealed using JWST/FRESCO data. In addition to these five spectroscopically confirmed members, we identify three further candidates with photometric redshifts consistent with the overdense structure. These galaxies are massive (with a median stellar mass of 9x 10$^{10}$ M$_{\odot}$) and highly obscured (with a median A$_V$ of 3.3), caught in a short-lived yet extreme starburst phase at z$\sim$5.2. Their high SFRs (with a median of 590 M$_{\odot}$ yr$^{-1}$), efficient baryon to stellar mass conversion ($\epsilon_{\star}>$20%), substantial gas reservoir and dust content, suggest rapid evolution and imminent quenching. Six of these galaxies reside in overdense filaments; the remaining two may trace new distinct structures which will have to be spectroscopically confirmed. These few dusty galaxies dominate the star formation within the overdensity, contributing more than the numerous H$_{\alpha}$ emitters, and surpassing the cosmic average star formation rate density for this epoch. Their properties suggest an accelerated evolution that current models and simulations have difficulty reproducing.

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arXiv2025

Continuum, CO and Water vapour maps of the Orion Nebula. First millimetre spectral imaging with Concerto

The millimetre spectrum of Galactic regions and galaxies is rich in continuum and molecular lines. This diversity is mostly explored using either broad-band photometry or high-resolution heterodyne spectroscopy. We aim to map the millimetre continuum emission of Galactic regions with an intermediate spectral resolution between broad-band photometry and heterodyne spectroscopy, enabling us to rapidly cover large sky areas with spectroscopy. We report observations of the Orion Nebula with the CONCERTO instrument, which was installed at the APEX telescope focal plane from 2021 to 2023. We find that the spectrum of Orion is dominated by dust emission with an emissivity index ranging between 1.3 and 2.0, along with strong CO(2-1) and H$_2$O lines, which are naturally separated from the continuum due to the CONCERTO spectral capabilities. Many regions also show strong free-free emission at lower frequencies. We demonstrate the spectral capabilities of CONCERTO at intermediate spectral resolution, with a frequency coverage from 130 to 310 GHz. A sensitivity of 200 mK is achieved in one second, for one beam and a 6 GHz frequency width, over an 18 arcmin diameter field of view, which is within a factor of three of the expectations. We show that we can spectrally disentangle the continuum from the CO line emission, but the line is not resolved at a resolution of $\sim 8000\ \mathrm{km s^{-1}}$. The slope of the millimetre continuum is line-free mapped for the first time in Orion.

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arXiv2025

A panchromatic view of N2CLS GOODS-N: the evolution of the dust cosmic density since z~7

(abridged) To understand early star formation, it is essential to determine the dust mass budget of high-redshift galaxies. Sub-millimeter rest-frame emission, dominated by cold dust, is an unbiased tracer of dust mass. The NIKA2 camera conducted a deep blank field survey at 1.2 and 2.0 mm in the GOODS-N field as part of the NIKA2 Cosmological Legacy Survey (N2CLS), detecting 65 sources with SNR>=4.2. Thanks to a dedicated interferometric program with NOEMA and other high-angular resolution data, we identify the multi-wavelength counterparts of these sources and resolve them into 71 individual galaxies. We build detailed SEDs and assign a redshift to 68 of them, over the range 0.6<z<7.2. We fit these SEDs using MBB and Draine & Li (2007) models, and the panchromatic approaches MAGPHYS, CIGALE, and SED3FIT, thus deriving their dust mass, M(dust), infrared luminosity (LIR), and stellar mass, M(star). Eight galaxies require an AGN-torus component and other six require an unextinguished young stellar population. A significant fraction of our galaxies are classified as starbursts based on their position on the M(star) versus SFR plane or their depletion timescales. We compute the dust mass function in three redshift bins (1.6<z<=2.4, 2.4<z<=4.2 and 4.2<z<=7.2) and determine the Schechter function that best describes it. We observe an increase of the dust cosmic density, rho(dust), by at least an order of magnitude from z~7 to z~1.5, consistent with theoretical predictions. At lower redshift the evolution flattens; significant differences exist between results obtained with different selections and methods. The superb GOODS-N dataset enabled a systematic investigation into the dust properties of distant galaxies. N2CLS holds promise for combining these deep field findings with the wide COSMOS field into a self-consistent analysis of dust in galaxies both near and far.

astro-ph.GA↗

arXiv2024

A wiggling filamentary jet at the origin of the blazar multi-wavelength behaviour

Blazars are beamed active galactic nuclei known for their strong multi-wavelength variability on timescales from years down to minutes. We aim to investigate the suitability of the twisting jet model presented in previous works to explain the multi-wavelength behaviour of BL Lacertae, the prototype of one of the blazar classes. According to this model, the jet is inhomogeneous, curved, and twisting, and the long-term variability is due to changes in the Doppler factor due to variations in the orientation of the jet-emitting regions. We analysed optical data of the source obtained during monitoring campaigns organised by the Whole Earth Blazar Telescope (WEBT) in 2019-2022, together with radio data from the WEBT and other teams, and gamma-ray data from the Fermi satellite. In this period, BL Lacertae underwent an extraordinary activity phase, reaching its historical optical and gamma-ray brightness maxima. The application of the twisting jet model to the source light curves allows us to infer the wiggling motion of the optical, radio, and gamma-ray jet-emitting regions. The optical-radio correlation shows that the changes in the radio viewing angle follow those in the optical viewing angle by about 120 days, and it suggests that the jet is composed of plasma filaments, which is in agreement with some radio high-resolution observations of other sources. The gamma-ray emitting region is found to be co-spatial with the optical one, and the analysis of the gamma-optical correlation is consistent with both the geometric interpretation and a synchrotron self-Compton (SSC) origin of the high-energy photons. We propose a geometric scenario where the jet is made up of a pair of emitting plasma filaments in a sort of double-helix curved rotating structure, whose wiggling motion produces changes in the Doppler beaming and can thus explain the observed multi-wavelength long-term variability.

astro-ph.HE↗

arXiv2024

Ordered magnetic fields around the 3C 84 central black hole

3C84 is a nearby radio source with a complex total intensity structure, showing linear polarisation and spectral patterns. A detailed investigation of the central engine region necessitates the use of VLBI above the hitherto available maximum frequency of 86GHz. Using ultrahigh resolution VLBI observations at the highest available frequency of 228GHz, we aim to directly detect compact structures and understand the physical conditions in the compact region of 3C84. We used EHT 228GHz observations and, given the limited (u,v)-coverage, applied geometric model fitting to the data. We also employed quasi-simultaneously observed, multi-frequency VLBI data for the source in order to carry out a comprehensive analysis of the core structure. We report the detection of a highly ordered, strong magnetic field around the central, SMBH of 3C84. The brightness temperature analysis suggests that the system is in equipartition. We determined a turnover frequency of $ν_m=(113\pm4)$GHz, a corresponding synchrotron self-absorbed magnetic field of $B_{SSA}=(2.9\pm1.6)$G, and an equipartition magnetic field of $B_{eq}=(5.2\pm0.6)$G. Three components are resolved with the highest fractional polarisation detected for this object ($m_\textrm{net}=(17.0\pm3.9)$%). The positions of the components are compatible with those seen in low-frequency VLBI observations since 2017-2018. We report a steeply negative slope of the spectrum at 228GHz. We used these findings to test models of jet formation, propagation, and Faraday rotation in 3C84. The findings of our investigation into different flow geometries and black hole spins support an advection-dominated accretion flow in a magnetically arrested state around a rapidly rotating supermassive black hole as a model of the jet-launching system in the core of 3C84. However, systematic uncertainties due to the limited (u,v)-coverage, however, cannot be ignored.

astro-ph.HE↗

arXiv2023

The RoboPol sample of optical polarimetric standards

Optical polarimeters are typically calibrated using measurements of stars with known and stable polarization parameters. However, there is a lack of such stars available across the sky. Many of the currently available standards are not suitable for medium and large telescopes due to their high brightness. Moreover, as we find, some of the used polarimetric standards are in fact variable or have polarization parameters that differ from their cataloged values. Our goal is to establish a sample of stable standards suitable for calibrating linear optical polarimeters with an accuracy down to $10^{-3}$ in fractional polarization. For five years, we have been running a monitoring campaign of a sample of standard candidates comprised of 107 stars distributed across the northern sky. We analyzed the variability of the linear polarization of these stars, taking into account the non-Gaussian nature of fractional polarization measurements. For a subsample of nine stars, we also performed multiband polarization measurements. We created a new catalog of 65 stars (see Table 2) that are stable, have small uncertainties of measured polarimetric parameters, and can be used as calibrators of polarimeters at medium- and large-size telescopes.

astro-ph.IM↗