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Iain Raeburn

Publications and source records attributed to Iain Raeburn.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
arXiv2021

Boundary quotients of the right Toeplitz algebra of the affine semigroup over the natural numbers

We consider the semigroup crossed product of the additive natural numbers by the multiplicative natural numbers. We study its Toeplitz C*-algebra generated by the right-regular representation, which we call the right Toeplitz algebra. We analyse its structure by studying three distinguished quotients. We show that the multiplicative boundary quotient is isomorphic to a crossed product of the Toeplitz algebra of the additive rationals by an action of the multiplicative rationals, and study its ideal structure. We identify the Crisp-Laca boundary quotient as the C*-algebra of the corresponding group built from rational numbers. There is a natural dynamics on the right Toeplitz algebra and all its KMS states factor through the additive boundary quotient. We describe the KMS simplex for inverse temperatures greater than one.

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arXiv2020

Strongly graded groupoid and directed graph algebras

We show the reduced $C^*$-algebra of a graded ample groupoid is a strongly graded $C^*$-algebra if and only if the corresponding Steinberg algebra is a strongly graded ring. We apply this result to get a theorem about the Leavitt path algebra and $C^*$-algebra of an arbitrary graph.

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arXiv2019

Equilibrium states on higher-rank Toeplitz noncommutative solenoids

We consider a family of higher-dimensional noncommutative tori, which are twisted analogues of the algebras of continuous functions on ordinary tori, and their Toeplitz extensions. Just as solenoids are inverse limits of tori, our Toeplitz noncommutative solenoids are direct limits of the Toeplitz extensions of noncommutative tori. We consider natural dynamics on these Toeplitz algebras, and compute the equilibrium states for these dynamics. We find a large simplex of equilibrium states at each positive inverse temperature, parametrised by the probability measures on an (ordinary) solenoid.

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arXiv2018

KMS states on $C^*$-algebras associated to a family of $*$-commuting local homeomorphisms

We consider a family of $*$-commuting local homeomorphisms on a compact space, and build a compactly aligned product system of Hilbert bimodules (in the sense of Fowler). This product system has a Nica-Toeplitz algebra and a Cuntz-Pimsner algebra. Both algebras carry a gauge action of a higher-dimensional torus, and there are many possible dynamics obtained by composing with different embeddings of the real line in this torus. We study the KMS states of these dynamics. For large inverse temperatures, we describe the simplex of KMS states on the Nica-Toeplitz algebra. To study KMS states for smaller inverse temperature, we consider a preferred dynamics for which there is a single critical inverse temperature. We find a KMS state on the Nica-Toeplitz algebra at this critical inverse temperature which factors through the Cuntz-Pimsner algebra. We then illustrate our results by considering backward shifts on the infinite-path spaces of a class of $k$-graphs.

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arXiv2018

A program for finding all KMS states on the Toeplitz algebra of a higher-rank graph

The Toeplitz algebra of a finite graph of rank $k$ carries a natural action of the torus ${\mathbb T}^k$, and composing with an embedding of ${\mathbb R}$ in ${\mathbb T}^k$ gives a dynamics on the Toeplitz algebra. For inverse temperatures larger than a critical value, the KMS states for this dynamics are well-understood, and this analysis is the first step in our program. At the critical inverse temperature, much less is known, and the second step in our program is an analysis of the KMS states at the critical value. This is the main technical contribution of the present paper. The third step shows that the problem of finding the states at inverse temperatures less than the critical value is equivalent to our original problem for a smaller graph. Then we can tackle this new problem using the same three steps, and repeat if necessary. So in principle, modulo some mild connectivity conditions on the graph, our results give a complete description of the simplex of KMS states at all inverse temperatures. We test our program on a wide range of examples, including a very general family of graphs with three strongly connected components.

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arXiv2017

On graded C*-algebras

We show that every topological grading of a C*-algebra by a discrete abelian group is implemented by an action of the compact dual group.

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arXiv2017

HNN extensions of quasi-lattice ordered groups and their operator algebras

The Baumslag-Solitar group is an example of an HNN extension. Spielberg showed that it has a natural positive cone, and that it is then a quasi-lattice ordered group in the sense of Nica. We give conditions for an HNN extension of a quasi-lattice ordered group $(G,P)$ to be quasi-lattice ordered. In that case, if $(G,P)$ is amenable as a quasi-lattice ordered group, then so is the HNN extension.

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arXiv2017

Structure theorems for star-commuting power partial isometries

We give a new formulation and proof of a theorem of Halmos and Wallen on the structure of power partial isometries on Hilbert space. We then use this theorem to give a structure theorem for a finite set of partial isometries which star-commute: each operator commutes with the others and with their adjoints.

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arXiv2016

KMS states on the operator algebras of reducible higher-rank graphs

We study the equilibrium or KMS states of the Toeplitz C*-algebra of a finite higher-rank graph which is reducible. The Toeplitz algebra carries a gauge action of a higher-dimensional torus, and a dynamics arises by choosing an embedding of the real numbers in the torus. Here we use an embedding which leads to a dynamics which has previously been identified as "preferred", and we scale the dynamics so that 1 is a critical inverse temperature. As with 1-graphs, we study the strongly connected components of the vertices of the graph. The behaviour of the KMS states depends on both the graphical relationships between the components and the relative size of the spectral radii of the vertex matrices of the components. We test our theorems on graphs with two connected components. We find that our techniques give a complete analysis of the KMS states with inverse temperatures down to a second critical temperature beta_c<1.

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arXiv2016

Equilibrium states on operator algebras associated to self-similar actions of groupoids on graphs

We consider self-similar actions of groupoids on the path spaces of finite directed graphs, and construct examples of such self-similar actions using a suitable notion of graph automaton. Self-similar groupoid actions have a Cuntz-Pimsner algebra and a Toeplitz algebra, both of which carry natural dynamics lifted from the gauge actions. We study the equilibrium states (the KMS states) on the resulting dynamical systems. Above a critical inverse temperature, the KMS states on the Toeplitz algebra are parametrised by the traces on the full $C^*$-algebra of the groupoid, and we describe a program for finding such traces. The critical inverse temperature is the logarithm of the spectral radius of the incidence matrix of the graph, and at the critical temperature the KMS states on the Toeplitz algebra factor through states of the Cuntz-Pimsner algebra. Under a verifiable hypothesis on the self-similar action, there is a unique KMS state on the Cuntz-Pimsner algebra. We discuss an explicit method of computing the values of this KMS state, and illustrate with examples.

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arXiv2016

Deformations of Fell bundles and twisted graph algebras

We consider Fell bundles over discrete groups, and the C*-algebra which is universal for representations of the bundle. We define deformations of Fell bundles, which are new Fell bundles with the same underlying Banach bundle but with the multiplication deformed by a two-cocycle on the group. Every graph algebra can be viewed as the C*-algebra of a Fell bundle, and there are are many cocycles of interest with which to deform them. We thus obtain many of the twisted graph algebras of Kumjian, Pask and Sims. We demonstate the utility of our approach to these twisted graph algebras by proving that the deformations associated to different cocycles can be assembled as the fibres of a C*-bundle.

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arXiv2016

Equilibrium states on graph algebras

We consider operator-algebraic dynamical systems given by actions of the real line on unital $C^*$-algebras, and especially the equilibrium states (or KMS states) of such systems. We are particularly interested in systems built from the gauge action on the Toeplitz algebra and graph algebra of a finite directed graph, and we describe a complete classification of the KMS states obtained in joint work with Laca and Sims. We then discuss applications of these results to Cuntz-Pimsner algebras associated to local homeomorphisms, obtained in collaboration with Afsar. Thomsen has given bounds on the range of inverse temperatures at which KMS states may exist. We show that Thomsen's bounds are sharp.

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arXiv2015

Phase transitions on the Toeplitz algebras of Baumslag-Solitar semigroups

Spielberg has recently shown that Baumslag-Solitar groups associated to pairs of positive integers are quasi-lattice ordered in the sense of Nica. Thus they have tractable Toeplitz algebras. Each of these algebras carries a natural dynamics. Here we construct the equilibrium states (the KMS states) for these dynamics. For inverse temperatures larger than a critical value, there is a large simplex of KMS states parametrised by probability measures on the unit circle. At the critical value, and under a mild hypothesis, there is a phase transition in which this simplex collapses to a singleton. There is a further phase transition at infinity, in the sense that there are many ground states which cannot be realised as limits of KMS states with finite inverse temperatures.

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arXiv2015

Centre-valued index for Toeplitz operators with noncommuting symbols

We consider an action of the real line on a C*-algebra for which there is a centre-valued invariant trace. We define a family of Toeplitz operators with symbols in the original algebra. When the symbol is invertible, the Toeplitz operator is Fredholm in an appropriate sense, and we give a formula for the index using a notion of centre-valued winding number defined using the trace. The results and techniques generalise previous results of the authors for scalar-valued traces.

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arXiv2014

Spatial realisations of KMS states on the C*-algebras of higher-rank graphs

Several authors have recently been studying the equilibrium or KMS states on the Toeplitz algebras of finite higher-rank graphs. For graphs of rank one (that is, for ordinary directed graphs), there is a natural dynamics obtained by lifting the gauge action of the circle to an action of the real line. The algebras of higher-rank graphs carry a gauge action of a higher-dimensional torus, and there are many potential dynamics arising from different embeddings of the real line in the torus. Previous results show that there is nonetheless a "preferred dynamics" for which the system exhibits a particularly satisfactory phase transition, and that the unique KMS state at the critical inverse temperature can then be implemented by intregrating vector states against a measure on the infinite path space of the graph. Here we obtain a similar description of the KMS state at the critical inverse temperature for other dynamics. Our spatial implementation is given by integrating against a measure on a space of paths which are infinite in some directions but finite in others. Our results are sharpest for the algebras of rank-two graphs.

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arXiv2014

Equilibrium states on the Cuntz-Pimsner algebras of self-similar actions

We consider a family of Cuntz-Pimsner algebras associated to self-similar group actions, and their Toeplitz analogues. Both families carry natural dynamics implemented by automorphic actions of the real line, and we investigate the equilibrium states (the KMS states) for these dynamical systems. We find that for all inverse temperatures above a critical value, the KMS states on the Toeplitz algebra are given, in a very concrete way, by traces on the full group algebra of the group. At the critical inverse temperature, the KMS states factor through states of the Cuntz-Pimsner algebra; if the self-similar group is contracting, then the Cuntz-Pimsner algebra has only one KMS state. We apply these results to a number of examples, including the self-similar group actions associated to integer dilation matrices, and the canonical self-similar actions of the basilica group and the Grigorchuk group.

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arXiv2014

KMS states on the C*-algebras of reducible graphs

We consider the dynamics on the C*-algebras of finite graphs obtained by lifting the gauge action to an action of the real line. Enomoto, Fujii and Watatani proved that if the vertex matrix of the graph is irreducible, then the dynamics on the graph algebra admits a single KMS state. We have previously studied the dynamics on the Toeplitz algebra, and explicitly described a finite-dimensional simplex of KMS states for inverse temperatures above a critical value. Here we study the KMS states for graphs with reducible vertex matrix, and for inverse temperatures at and below the critical value. We prove a general result which describes all the KMS states at a fixed inverse temperature, and then apply this theorem to a variety of examples. We find that there can be many patterns of phase transition, depending on the behaviour of paths in the underlying graph.

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