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Ian-Woo Kim

Publications and source records attributed to Ian-Woo Kim.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources

Closing the Wedge: Search Strategies for Extended Higgs Sectors with Heavy Flavor Final States

We consider search strategies for an extended Higgs sector at the high-luminosity LHC14 utilizing multi-top final states. In the framework of a Two Higgs Doublet Model, the purely top final states ($t\bar t, \, 4t$) are important channels for heavy Higgs bosons with masses in the wedge above $2\,m_t$ and at low values of $\tanβ$, while a $2 b 2t$ final state is most relevant at moderate values of $\tan β$. We find, in the $t\bar t H$ channel, with $H \rightarrow t \bar t$, that both single and 3 lepton final states can provide statistically significant constraints at low values of $\tan β$ for $m_A$ as high as $\sim 750$ GeV. When systematics on the $t \bar t$ background are taken into account, however, the 3 lepton final state is more powerful, though the precise constraint depends fairly sensitively on lepton fake rates. We also find that neither $2b2t$ nor $t \bar t$ final states provide constraints on additional heavy Higgs bosons with couplings to tops smaller than the top Yukawa due to expected systematic uncertainties in the $t \bar t$ background.

hep-ph

Flavor and Collider Signatures of Asymmetric Dark Matter

We consider flavor constraints on, and collider signatures of, Asymmetric Dark Matter (ADM) via higher dimension operators. In the supersymmetric models we consider, R-parity violating (RPV) operators carrying B-L interact with n dark matter (DM) particles X through an interaction of the form W = X^n O_{B-L}, where O_{B-L} = q l d^c, u^c d^c d^c, l l e^c. This interaction ensures that the lightest ordinary supersymmetric particle (LOSP) is unstable to decay into the X sector, leading to a higher multiplicity of final state particles and reduced missing energy at a collider. Flavor-violating processes place constraints on the scale of the higher dimension operator, impacting whether the LOSP decays promptly. While the strongest limitations on RPV from n-\bar{n} oscillations and proton decay do not apply to ADM, we analyze the constraints from meson mixing, mu-e conversion, mu -> 3 e and b -> s l^+ l^-. We show that these flavor constraints, even in the absence of flavor symmetries, allow parameter space for prompt decay to the X sector, with additional jets and leptons in exotic flavor combinations. We study the constraints from existing 8 TeV LHC SUSY searches with (i) 2-6 jets plus missing energy, and (ii) 1-2 leptons, 3-6 jets plus missing energy, comparing the constraints on ADM-extended supersymmetry with the usual supersymmetric simplified models.

hep-ph

Kinematic Cusps With Two Missing Particles I: Antler Decay Topology

The kinematics of a final state system with two invisible particles and two visible particles can develop cusped peak structures. This happens when the system has a fixed invariant mass (such as from a narrow resonant particle decay or with a fixed collision c.m. energy) and undergoes decays of two on-shell intermediate particles. Focusing on the "antler decay topology", we derive general analytic expressions for the invariant mass distribution and the kinematic cusp position. The sharp cusp peaks and the endpoint positions can help to determine the masses of the missing particles and the intermediate particles. We also consider transverse momentum variables and angular variables. In various distributions the kinematic cusp peaks are present and pronounced. We also study the effects on such kinematic cusp structures from realistic considerations including finite decay widths, the longitudinal boost of the system, and spin correlations.

hep-ph

Kinematic Cusps with Two Missing Particles II: Cascade Decay Topology

Three-step cascade decays into two invisible particles and two visible particles via two intermediate on-shell particles develop cusped peak structures in several kinematic distributions. We study the basic properties of the cusps and endpoints in various distributions and demonstrate that the masses of the missing particles and the intermediate particles can be determined by the cusp and endpoint positions. Effects from realistic considerations such as finite decay widths, longitudinal boost of the parent particle, and spin correlations are shown to be under control for the processes illustrated.

hep-ph

Confronting Top AFB with Parity Violation Constraints

We consider the implications of low-energy precision tests of parity violation on t-channel mediator models explaining the top AFB excess measured by CDF and D0. Flavor-violating u-t or d-t couplings of new scalar or vector mediators generate at one-loop an anomalous contribution to the nuclear weak charge. As a result, atomic parity violation constraints disfavor at >3 sigma t-channel models that give rise to a greater than 20% AFB at the parton level for M_tt > 450 GeV while not producing too large a top cross-section. Even stronger constraints are expected through future measurements of the proton weak charge by the Q-Weak experiment.

hep-ph

Landscape of Supersymmetric Particle Mass Hierarchies in Deflected Mirage Mediation

With the aim of uncovering viable regions of parameter space in deflected mirage mediation (DMM) models of supersymmetry breaking, we study the landscape of particle mass hierarchies for the lightest four non-Standard Model states for DMM models and compare the results to that of minimal supergravity/constrained MSSM (mSUGRA/CMSSM) models, building on previous studies of Feldman, Liu, and Nath. Deflected mirage mediation is a string-motivated scenario in which the soft terms include comparable contributions from gravity mediation, gauge mediation, and anomaly mediation. DMM allows a wide variety of phenomenologically preferred models with light charginos and neutralinos, including novel patterns in which the heavy Higgs particles are lighter than the lightest superpartner. We use this analysis to motivate two DMM benchmark points to be used for more detailed collider studies. One model point has a higgsino-dominated lightest superpartner and a compressed yet heavy spectrum, while the other has a stau NLSP and similar features to mSUGRA/CMSSM models, but with a slightly less stretched spectrum.

hep-ph

Tevatron Top $A_{FB}$ Versus LHC Top Physics

We carry out a comprehensive analysis of models for top A_{FB} at CDF in light of new top data arriving from the LHC. We begin with a careful Tevatron analysis, considering in general which sets of effective vertices give rise to a large forward-backward asymmetry while suppressing the contribution to the total t tbar cross-section. We show on general grounds that scalar models struggle to produce sufficient asymmetries consistent with CDF observations, while vector models can produce a large asymmetry with a less significant tension in the total cross-section and $t\bar{t}$ invariant mass distribution at the Tevatron. We examine the essential observables of these models for top physics at LHC7 with 1 fb^{-1} of data, including the total cross-section, invariant mass distribution and number of additional jets in t tbar events. In the case of t-channel mediators, the LHC total cross-section places a strong constraint on light mediators, while the Tevatron invariant mass distributions place strong constraints on heavy mediators that are able to produce the asymmetry. Heavy axigluons are becoming increasingly squeezed by LHC7 t tbar and dijet resonance searches. We conclude that LHC7 top analyses are rapidly closing the window for viable models of the CDF top A_{FB}.

hep-ph

On Models of New Physics for the Tevatron Top A_FB

CDF has observed a top forward-backward asymmetry discrepant with the Standard Model prediction at 3.4 σ. We analyze models that could generate the asymmetry, including flavor-violating W's, horizontal Z'_Hs, triplet and sextet diquarks, and axigluons. We consider the detailed predictions of these models for the invariant mass and rapidity distributions of the asymmetry at the parton level, comparing against the unfolded parton-level CDF results. While all models can reproduce the asymmetry with the appropriate choice of mass and couplings, it appears at first examination that the extracted parton-level invariant mass distribution for all models are in conflict with Tevatron observations. We show on closer examination, however, that t tbar events in Z'_H and W' models have considerably lower selection efficiencies in high invariant mass bins as compared to the Standard Model, so that W', Z'_H, and axigluon models can generate the observed asymmetry while being consistent with the total cross-section and invariant mass spectrum. Triplet and sextet models have greater difficulty producing the observed asymmetry while remaining consistent with the total cross-section and invariant mass distribution. To more directly match the models and the CDF results, we proceed to decay and reconstruct the tops, comparing our results against the "raw" CDF asymmetry and invariant mass distributions. We find that the models that successfully generate the corrected CDF asymmetry at the parton level reproduce very well the more finely binned uncorrected asymmetry. Finally, we discuss the early LHC reach for discovery of these models, based on our previous analysis [arXiv:1102.0018].

hep-ph

Searching for Top Flavor Violating Resonances

We study new top flavor violating resonances that are singly produced in association with a top at the LHC. Such top flavor violating states could be responsible for the Tevatron top forward-backward asymmetry. Since top flavor violating states can directly decay to a top (or anti-top) and jet, and are produced in conjunction with another (oppositely charged) top, the direct signature of such states is a t j (or tbar j) resonance in t tbar j events. In general, these states can be very light and have O(1) couplings to the top sector so that they are copiously produced. We present a search strategy and estimate the discovery potential at the early LHC by implementing the strategy on simulated data. For example, with 1 fb^-1 at 7 TeV, we estimate that a W' coupling to d_R tbar_R can be constrained at the 3 sigma level for g_R = 1 and m_W' = 200 GeV, weakening to g_R = 1.75 for m_W' = 600 GeV. With the search we advocate here, a bound at a similar level could be obtained for top flavor violating Z's, as well as triplet and sextet diquarks.

hep-ph

Missing Momentum Reconstruction and Spin Measurements at Hadron Colliders

We study methods for reconstructing the momenta of invisible particles in cascade decay chains at hadron colliders. We focus on scenarios, such as SUSY and UED, in which new physics particles are pair produced. Their subsequent decays lead to two decay chains ending with neutral stable particles escaping detection. Assuming that the masses of the decaying particles are already measured, we obtain the momenta by imposing the mass-shell constraints. Using this information, we develop techniques of determining spins of particles in theories beyond the standard model. Unlike the methods relying on Lorentz invariant variables, this method can be used to determine the spin of the particle which initiates the decay chain. We present two complementary ways of applying our method by using more inclusive variables relying on kinematic information from one decay chain, as well as constructing correlation variables based on the kinematics of both decay chains in the same event.

hep-ph

Kinematic Cusps: Determining the Missing Particle Mass at Colliders

In many extensions of the SM, neutral massive stable particles (dark matter candidates) are produced at colliders in pairs due to an exact symmetry called a "parity". These particles escape detection, rendering their mass measurement difficult. In the pair production of such particles via a specific ("antler") decay topology, kinematic cusp structures are present in the invariant mass and angular distributions of the observable particles. Together with the end-points, such cusps can be used to measure the missing particle mass and the intermediate particle mass in the decay chain. Our simulation of a benchmark scenario in a Z' supersymmetric model shows that the cusp feature survives under the consideration of detector simulation and the standard model backgrounds. This technique for determining missing particle masses should be invaluable in the search for new physics at the LHC and future lepton colliders.

hep-ph

Constraining WIMP magnetic moment from CDMS II experiment

We consider a degenerate or a nearly degenerate dark matter sector where a sizable magnetic moment of an almost Dirac type neutral dark matter candidate N is anticipated. Then, due to soft photon exchange, the cross-section in direct detection of N can be enhanced at low Q^2 region. We discuss the implication of this type of models in view of the recent CDMS II report.

hep-ph

Algebraic Singularity Method for Mass Measurements with Missing Energy

We propose a novel generalized method for mass measurements based on phase space singularity structures that can be applied to any event topology with missing energy. Our method subsumes the well-known end-point and transverse mass methods and yields new techniques for studying "missing particle" events, such as the double chain production of stable neutral particles at the LHC.

hep-ph

Phenomenological Implications of Deflected Mirage Mediation: Comparison with Mirage Mediation

We compare the collider phenomenology of mirage mediation and deflected mirage mediation, which are two recently proposed "mixed" supersymmetry breaking scenarios motivated from string compactifications. The scenarios differ in that deflected mirage mediation includes contributions from gauge mediation in addition to the contributions from gravity mediation and anomaly mediation also present in mirage mediation. The threshold effects from gauge mediation can drastically alter the low energy spectrum from that of pure mirage mediation models, resulting in some cases in a squeezed gaugino spectrum and a gluino that is much lighter than other colored superpartners. We provide several benchmark deflected mirage mediation models and construct model lines as a function of the gauge mediation contributions, and discuss their discovery potential at the LHC.

hep-ph

Gauge Threshold Corrections in Warped Geometry

We discuss the Kaluza-Klein threshold correction to low energy gauge couplings in theories with warped extra-dimension, which might be crucial for the gauge coupling unification when the warping is sizable. Explicit expressions of one-loop thresholds are derived for generic 5D gauge theory on a slice of AdS_5, where some of the bulk gauge symmetries are broken by orbifold boundary conditions and/or by bulk Higgs vacuum values. Effects of the mass mixing between the bulk fields with different orbifold parities are included as such mixing is required in some class of realistic warped unification models.

hep-th

Deflected Mirage Mediation: A Framework for Generalized Supersymmetry Breaking

We present a general phenomenological framework for dialing between gravity mediation, gauge mediation, and anomaly mediation. The approach is motivated from recent developments in moduli stabilization, which suggest that gravity mediated terms can be effectively loop suppressed and thus comparable to gauge and anomaly mediated terms. The gauginos exhibit a mirage unification behavior at a "deflected" scale, and gluinos are often the lightest colored sparticles. The approach provides a rich setting in which to explore generalized supersymmetry breaking at the LHC.

hep-ph

Moduli Stabilization and Supersymmetry Breaking in Deflected Mirage Mediation

We present a model of supersymmetry breaking in which the contributions from gravity/modulus, anomaly, and gauge mediation are all comparable. We term this scenario "deflected mirage mediation," which is a generalization of the KKLT-motivated mirage mediation scenario to include gauge mediated contributions. These contributions deflect the gaugino mass unification scale and alter the pattern of soft parameters at low energies. In some cases, this results in a gluino LSP and light stops; in other regions of parameter space, the LSP can be a well-tempered neutralino. We demonstrate explicitly that competitive gauge-mediated terms can naturally appear within phenomenological models based on the KKLT setup by addressing the stabilization of the gauge singlet field which is responsible for the masses of the messenger fields. For viable stabilization mechanisms, the relation between the gauge and anomaly contributions is identical in most cases to that of deflected anomaly mediation, despite the presence of the Kahler modulus. Turning to TeV scale phenomenology, we analyze the renormalization group evolution of the supersymmetry breaking terms and the resulting low energy mass spectra. The approach sets the stage for studies of such mixed scenarios of supersymmetry breaking at the LHC.

hep-ph

Mixed Bino-Wino-Higgsino Dark Matter in Gauge Messenger Models

Almost degenerate bino and wino masses at the weak scale is one of unique features of gauge messenger models. The lightest neutralino is a mixture of bino, wino and higgsino and can produce the correct amount of the dark matter density if it is the lightest supersymmetric particle. Furthermore, as a result of squeezed spectrum of superpartners which is typical for gauge messenger models, various co-annihilation and resonance regions overlap and very often the correct amount of the neutralino relic density is generated as an interplay of several processes. This feature makes the explanation of the observed amount of the dark matter density much less sensitive to fundamental parameters. We calculate the neutralino relic density assuming thermal history and present both spin independent and spin dependent cross sections for the direct detection. We also discuss phenomenological constraints from b to s gamma and muon g-2 and compare results of gauge messenger models to well known results of the mSUGRA scenario.

hep-ph