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Ilja Dorsner

Publications and source records attributed to Ilja Dorsner.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources

Neutrino Mass Induced $n$-$\overline{n}$ Oscillation

The Georgi-Glashow model is the simplest possible attempt at grand unification. However, due to its particle content, the model preserves a global $U(1)_{B-L}$ symmetry, where $B$ and $L$ are baryon and lepton numbers, respectively. It thus leaves neutrinos massless just as the Standard Model does. The extensions of the Georgi-Glashow model that break lepton number by two units, i.e., scenarios with $|\Delta L|=2$ operator(s), naturally generate potentially viable Majorana neutrino masses. Since the dynamics that yields $|\Delta L| = 2$ interactions unavoidably induces $|\Delta B| = 2$ transitions via $B\!-\!L$ breaking, these extensions consequentially lead to intriguing processes such as neutron--antineutron ($n$--$\overline{n}$) oscillation. We investigate this intrinsic connection between neutrino mass generation and $n$--$\overline{n}$ oscillation within a number of representative extensions of the Georgi-Glashow model that can yield realistic neutrino masses and mixing parameters. These extensions include the tree-level seesaw mechanism realizations of the Type I, II, and III varieties, as well as the one-loop and two-loop radiative neutrino mass models.

hep-ph

Beyond Neutrino Mass: Observable $n$-$\overline{n}$ Oscillations in UV Complete Seesaw Models

Next-generation experiments, such as the Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment and the European Spallation Source, are set to improve sensitivity to neutron-antineutron oscillation, a direct probe of $\Delta B = 2$ baryon number violation, with particularly significant gains expected at the latter. The discovery of such a rare $\Delta B = 2$ process would indicate physics beyond the Standard Model and could point to specific unified theories that allow observable $n-\overline{n}$ transitions. We accordingly examine $n-\overline{n}$ oscillations within a unified framework that accounts for charged fermion masses and generates viable neutrino masses via the seesaw mechanism. More specifically, we show that $n-\overline{n}$ oscillations can arise from two specific topologies within two distinct $SU(5)$ scenarios. One topology requires a presence of two color-sextet scalars in the Type II seesaw framework, whereas the other involves a scalar sextet and a color-octet fermion in the Type III seesaw framework. While the former topology can be realized in the $SO(10)$/Pati-Salam frameworks, the latter finds a natural embedding in $SU(5)$, which constitutes one of the key novelties of our work. Remarkably enough, the same dynamics responsible for fermion masses also induces baryon number violation, thus linking $n-\overline{n}$ oscillations to the flavor structure of the theory. We show that, given a TeV-scale mass for one of the colored states, upcoming searches for such $\Delta B = 2$ processes can probe for a presence of the other colored states with masses up to $10^{11}\,\mathrm{GeV}$, well beyond the reach of colliders. This positions $n-\overline{n}$ oscillations as a rare low-energy portal to grand unification and ultra-heavy new physics.

hep-ph

Is symmetry breaking of SU(5) theory responsible for the diphoton excess?

We advocate the possibility that the observed diphoton excess at 750 GeV at the LHC can be addressed by the scalar field that is a part of the SU(5) symmetry breaking sector. The field in question is the Standard Model singlet that resides in the adjoint representation that breaks SU(5) down to SU(3) x SU(2) x U(1). We also show that the required production and subsequent decay to two photons of this singlet can be induced by individual or combined contribution of two scalar multiplets $S_3$ and $R_2$ that transform as (3,3,-1/3) and (3,2,7/6) under SU(3) x SU(2) x U(1), respectively. The individual dominance of these multiplets is directly related to the issue of the charged fermion mass generation within the SU(5) framework and can be unambiguously tested through the diboson decay signatures of the Standard Model singlet field.

hep-ph

New Physics Models Facing Lepton Flavor Violating Higgs Decays at the Percent Level

We speculate about the possible interpretations of the recently observed excess in the $h \to τμ$ decay. We derive a robust lower bound on the Higgs boson coupling strength to a tau and a muon, even in presence of the most general new physics affecting other Higgs properties. Then we reevaluate complementary indirect constraints coming from low energy observables as well as from theoretical considerations. In particular, the tentative signal should lead to $τ\to μγ$ at rates which could be observed at Belle II. In turn we show that, barring fine-tuned cancellations, the effect can only be accommodated within models with an extended scalar sector. These general conclusions are demonstrated using a number of explicit new physics models. Finally we show how, given the $h \to τμ$ signal, the current and future searches for $μ\to e γ$ and $μ\to e$ nuclear conversions unambiguously constrain the allowed rates for $h \to τe$.

hep-ph

Cornering Scalar Leptoquarks at LHC

We study implications of large lepton-quark-leptoquark couplings for direct leptoquark searches at Large Hadron Collider. We present all existing flavor constraints on the strength of these couplings assuming that leptoquarks under consideration interact exclusively with charged leptons and quarks of the same generation. We find that these leptoquarks can have sizeable couplings to the Standard Model fermions. This insures a self consistency of our study. We discuss the leptoquark production mechanisms at LHC and demonstrate the importance of inclusion of a t-channel pair production and, in particular, a single leptoquark production through a recast of an existing CMS search at LHC for the second generation leptoquark. Our recast yields the best direct limit on Yukawa coupling of the second generation leptoquark that couples to a muon and a strange quark to date.

hep-ph

Light vector-like fermions in a minimal SU(5) setup

The Standard Model fermion sector is enlarged by either one light singlet vector-like down-type quark or one light vector-like lepton doublet, which might be accommodated within a five-dimensional representation of SU(5). At low energies the inclusion of these states affects precisely measured observables in flavor physics, as well as electroweak precision measurements. These experimental results strongly constrain couplings of vector-like states to the Standard Model particles. Having these bounds, we investigate the impact of vector-like fermions on the mass matrices for down-type quarks and charged leptons in an SU(5) setting. We find that unitary transformations relating an arbitrary flavor basis to the mass eigenstate basis depend only on three free parameters. Then we discuss the parameter space constrained by low-energy data assuming vector-like quark and vector-like lepton masses to be 800 GeV and 400 GeV, respectively. We demonstrate that these two scenarios generate unique patterns for relevant proton decay widths. A further improvement of experimental bounds on proton decay modes would thus differentiate the allowed parameter space. We finally present two full-fledged SU(5) models that allow for gauge coupling unification with light vector-like fermions under consideration and discuss their viability.

hep-ph

Minimally flavored colored scalar in $\bar B \to D^{(*)} τ\bar ν$ and the mass matrices constraints

The presence of a colored scalar that is a weak doublet with fractional electric charges of $|Q|=2/3$ and $|Q|=5/3$ with mass below 1,TeV can provide an explanation of the observed branching ratios in $B \to D^{(*)} τ\bar ν$ decays. The required combination of scalar and tensor operators in the effective Hamiltonian for $b \to c τ\bar ν$ is generated through the $t$-channel exchange. We focus on a scenario with a minimal set of Yukawa couplings that can address a semitauonic puzzle and show that its resolution puts a nontrivial bound on the product of the scalar couplings to $\bar τb$ and $\bar c ν$. We also derive additional constraints posed by $Z \to b\bar b$, muon magnetic moment, lepton flavor violating decays $μ\to e γ$, $τ\to μγ$, $τ\to e γ$, and $τ$ electric dipole moment. The minimal set of Yukawa couplings is not only compatible with the mass generation in an SU(5) unification framework, a natural environment for colored scalars, but specifies all matter mixing parameters except for one angle in the up-type quark sector. We accordingly spell out predictions for the proton decay signatures through gauge boson exchange and show that $p \rightarrow π^0 e^+$ is suppressed with respect to $p \rightarrow K^+ \barν$ and even $p \rightarrow K^0 e^+$ in some parts of available parameter space. Impact of the colored scalar embedding in 45-dimensional representation of SU(5) on low-energy phenomenology is also presented. Finally, we make predictions for rare top and charm decays where presence of this scalar can be tested independently.

hep-ph

Higgs Uncovering Light Scalar Remnants of High Scale Matter Unification

We consider the impact of colored scalars that can couple directly to matter fields on the recently measured h to gamma gamma excess. Among all possible candidates only scalar states transforming as (8, 2,1/2) and (6,3,1/3) under the Standard Model gauge group can individually accommodate the excess and remain in agreement with all available data. Current experimental constraints require such colored states to have an order one coupling to the Standard Model Higgs and a mass below 300 GeV. We use the best fit values to predict the correlated effect in h to Z gamma and di-Higgs production. We furthermore discuss where and how these states appear in extensions of the Standard Model with primary focus on scenarios of matter unification. We revisit two simple SU(5) setups to show that these two full-fledged models not only accommodate a light color octet state but correlate its mass with observable partial proton decay lifetimes.

hep-ph

Scalar leptoquark in SU(5)

We address the issue of model dependence of partial proton decays due to exchange of a single scalar leptoquark within a minimal viable SU(5) framework. The minimal setup predicts a flavor part of the proton decay widths for channels with anti-neutrinos in the final state to depend solely on the known masses and mixing parameters of the quark sector and one extra phase. We accordingly establish an accurate lower limit on the mass of the scalar leptoquark in connection with the relevant experimental constraints on the matter stability. The ratio of proton decay widths for channels with the positive pion and the positive kaon in the final state turns out to be phase independent and predicts strong suppression of the former width with respect to the latter one. Our results offer a possibility to test the minimal scenario if and when proton decay is observed.

hep-ph

Heavy and light scalar leptoquarks in proton decay

We list scalar leptoquarks that mediate proton decay via renormalizable couplings to the Standard Model fermions. We employ a general basis of baryon number violating operators to parameterize contributions of each leptoquark towards proton decay. This then sets the stage for investigation of bounds on the leptoquark couplings to fermions with respect to the most current Super Kamiokande results on proton stability. We quantify if, and when, it is necessary to have leptoquark masses close to a scale of grand unification in the realistic SU(5) and flipped SU(5) frameworks. The most and the least conservative lower bounds on the leptoquark masses are then presented. We furthermore single out a leptoquark without phenomenologically dangerous tree-level exchanges that might explain discrepancy of the forward-backward asymmetries in $t \bar t$ production observed at Tevatron, if relatively light. The same state could also play significant role in explaining muon anomalous magnetic moment. We identify contributions of this leptoquark to dimension-six operators, mediated through a box diagram, and tree-level dimension-nine operators, that would destabilize proton if sizable leptoquark and diquark couplings were to be simultaneously present.

hep-ph

Limits on scalar leptoquark interactions and consequences for GUTs

A colored weak singlet scalar state with hypercharge 4/3 is one of the possible candidates for the explanation of the unexpectedly large forward-backward asymmetry in t tbar production as measured by the CDF and D0 experiments. We investigate the role of this state in a plethora of flavor changing neutral current processes and precision observables of down-quarks and charged leptons. Our analysis includes tree- and loop-level mediated observables in the K and B systems, the charged lepton sector, as well as the Z to b bbar decay width. We perform a global fit of the relevant scalar couplings. This approach can explain the (g-2)_mu anomaly while tensions among the CP violating observables in the quark sector, most notably the nonstandard CP phase (and width difference) in the Bs system cannot be fully relaxed. The results are interpreted in a class of grand unified models which allow for a light colored scalar with a mass below 1TeV. We find that the renormalizable SU(5) scenario is not compatible with our global fit, while in the SO(10) case the viability requires the presence of both the 126- and 120-dimensional representations.

hep-ph

Scalar diquark in t tbar production and constraints on Yukawa sector of grand unified theories

A colored weak singlet scalar state with hypercharge 4/3 is one of the possible candidates for the explanation of the unexpectedly large forward-backward asymmetry in $t \bar t$ production as measured by the CDF and D0 experiments. We investigate the role of this state in a plethora of flavor changing neutral current processes and precision observables of down-quarks and charged leptons. Our analysis includes tree- and loop-level mediated observables in the K and B systems, the charged lepton sector, as well as the $Z \to b \bar b$ width. We perform a fit of the relevant scalar couplings. This approach can explain the $(g-2)_μ$ anomaly while tensions among the CP violating observables in the quark sector, most notably the nonstandard CP phase (and width difference) in the $B_s$ system cannot be fully relaxed. The results are interpreted in a class of GUT models which allow for a light colored scalar with a mass below 1 TeV.

hep-ph

Light Colored Scalar as Messenger of Up-Quark Flavor Dynamics in Grand Unified Theories

The measured forward-backward asymmetry in the t tbar production at the Tevatron might be explained by the additional exchange of a colored weak singlet scalar. Such state appears in some of the grand unified theories and its interactions with the up-quarks are purely antisymmetric in flavor space. We systematically investigate the resulting impact on charm and top quark physics. The constraints on the relevant Yukawa couplings come from the experimentally measured observables related to D0--D0bar oscillations, as well as di-jet and single top production measurements at the Tevatron. After fully constraining the relevant Yukawa couplings, we predict possible signatures of this model in rare top quark decays. In a class of grand unified models we demonstrate how the obtained information enables to constrain the Yukawa couplings of the up-quarks at very high energy scale.

hep-ph

Light colored scalars from grand unification and the forward-backward asymmetry in top quark pair production

The experimental results on the t bar t production cross section at the Tevatron are well described by the QCD contributions within the standard model, while the recent measurement of the forward-backward asymmetry cannot be accounted for within this framework. We consider light colored scalars appearing in a particular SU(5) GUT model within the 45-dimensional Higgs representation. A virtue of the model is that it connects the presence of a light colored SU(2) singlet (Delta_6) and a color octet weak doublet (Delta_1) with bounds on the proton lifetime, which constrain the parameter space of both scalars. We find that both the t bar t production cross section and the forward-backward asymmetry can be accommodated simultaneously within this model. The experimental results prefer a region for the mass of Delta_6 around 400 GeV, while Delta_1 is then constrained to have a mass around the TeV scale as well. We analyze possible experimental signatures and find that Delta_6 associated top production could be probed in the t bar t + jets final states at Tevatron and the LHC.

hep-ph

Search for new physics in charm processes

Charm procceses are usually not considered to be favorable candidates in the search for new physics. Recent disagreement between experimental and lattice QCD results on the D_s decay constant has motivated us to systematically reinvestigate role of leptoquarks in rare charm meson decays. We include constrains coming from the light meson decays.

hep-ph

Can scalar leptoquarks explain the f_{D_s} puzzle?

Motivated by the disagreement between experimental and lattice QCD results on the D_s decay constant we systematically reinvestigate role of leptoquarks in charm meson decays. We consider scalar leptoquarks that transform as a weak interaction triplet, doublet, or singlet in a model independent approach, and also argue that in a particular SU(5) GUT model these leptoquark states, contained in the 45-dimensional Higgs representation, could be safe against proton decay bounds. Using the current experimental measurements in tau, kaon and charm sectors, we find that scalar leptoquarks cannot naturally explain the D_s --> mu nu and D_s --> tau nu decay widths simultaneously. While any contributions of the triplet leptoquarks are already excluded, the singlets could only contribute significantly to the D_s --> tau nu width. Finally, a moderate improvement of the experimental upper bound on the D^0 --> mu^+μ^- decay width could exclude the doublet contribution to the D_s --> mu nu, while present experimental data limits its mass to be below 1.4 TeV. Possible new signatures at present and near future experiments are also briefly discussed.

hep-ph

Minimal SO(10) splits supersymmetry

A good fit of the fermion masses and mixings has been found in the minimal renormalizable supersymmetric SO(10). This solution needs a strongly split supersymmetry breaking scenario with gauginos and higgsinos around 100 TeV, sfermions close to 10^14 GeV and a low GUT scale of around 6 10^15 GeV. We predict fast proton decays through SO(10) type of d=6 operators and the leptonic mixing angle theta_13 approximately 0.1.

hep-ph

Predictions from type II see-saw mechanism in SU(5)

We propose a simple, testable, SU(5) model within the context of the type II neutrino see-saw mechanism. It is based on requiring renormalizability, the absence of any other matter fields besides those already present in the Standard Model and consistency with all experimental data. These "minimal" requirements, together with group-theoretical considerations, uniquely determine the model and lead to interesting implications. The model predicts correlation between a light SU(2) triplet boson responsible for the type II see-saw mechanism and observable proton decay signatures. It also allows for an enhanced production of doubly charged Higgs particles through the WW fusion process due to a built-in custodial symmetry. This could also have profound impact on the explicit realization of electroweak symmetry breaking. The model also predicts the existence of a light scalar that transforms as a colour octet and electroweak doublet, with interesting phenomenological consequences.

hep-ph