arXiv subjects

Ioannis Zachos

Publications and source records attributed to Ioannis Zachos.

13 recordsLinked to original sources

arXiv2026

On semi-stable integral models for Shimura varieties

We construct (potentially) semi-stable integral models for a class of Shimura varieties with maximal parahoric level at an odd prime $p$. The main input is an explicit construction of semi-stable equivariant modifications of the relevant canonical local models, where the underlying groups are Weil restrictions of unramified unitary similitude groups, symplectic similitude groups, or even orthogonal similitude groups. Via the local model diagram, these constructions give (potentially) semi-stable integral models of the corresponding Shimura varieties. In particular, the resulting models are regular and have reduced special fiber with normal crossings. As an application, we deduce the unipotence of the inertia action on nearby cycles and the $\ell$-adic cohomology of the geometric generic fibers.

math.NT↗

arXiv2026

On $p$-adic integral moduli schemes and local models for PEL type D

We construct flat integral moduli schemes of PEL type D and the corresponding flat orthogonal Rapoport--Zink spaces with parahoric level structure over a $p$-adic integer ring. The construction relies on proving a conjecture of Pappas--Rapoport: for an even orthogonal similitude group over a complete discretely valued field of residue characteristic $p>2$, and for arbitrary parahoric level, the associated spin local model is flat, normal, Cohen--Macaulay, with reduced special fiber. In the course of the proof, we also show that in the quasi-split but non-split case, the Rapoport--Zink (naive) local model is topologically flat, verifying a conjecture of Pappas--Rapoport--Smithling. In the maximal parahoric case, we also describe the Schubert varieties in the special fiber in moduli-theoretic terms. Finally, for a maximal parahoric case we construct an explicit regular semi-stable model by blowing up the spin local model along the unique closed Schubert cell in its special fiber.

math.NT↗

arXiv2025

The basic locus of regular ramified unitary Rapoport-Zink spaces at vertex-stabilizer level

We construct the Bruhat-Tits stratification of the reduced basic locus of regular ramified unitary Rapoport-Zink spaces of signature $(n\!-\!1,1)$ at vertex-stabilizer level. To study the Bruhat-Tits strata, we introduce strata models$\!-\!$simpler models that are étale-locally isomorphic to each stratum. They admit two complementary characterizations: (i) as strict transforms under the blow-up of the local model at its worst point, and (ii) via a partial moduli description given by explicit linear-algebraic conditions; from these we deduce smoothness, explicit dimension formulas and irreducibility of the Bruhat-Tits strata.

math.NT↗

arXiv2025

The basic locus of unitary splitting Rapoport-Zink spaces with vertex stabilizer level

We construct the Bruhat-Tits stratification of the ramified unitary splitting Rapoport-Zink space, with the level being the stabilizer of a vertex lattice. To determine certain local properties of the Bruhat-Tits strata, we develop a theory of the strata splitting models. To study their global structure, we establish an explicit isomorphism between the Bruhat-Tits strata and certain (modified) Deligne-Lusztig varieties.

math.NT↗

arXiv2025

Semi-stable and splitting models for unitary Shimura varieties over ramified places. I

We consider Shimura varieties associated to a unitary group of signature $(n-s,s)$ where $n$ is even. For these varieties, we construct smooth $p$-adic integral models for $s=1$ and regular $p$-adic integral models for $s=2$ and $s=3$ over odd primes $p$ which ramify in the imaginary quadratic field with level subgroup at $p$ given by the stabilizer of a $π$-modular lattice in the hermitian space. Our construction, which has an explicit moduli-theoretic description, is given by an explicit resolution of a corresponding local model.

math.NT↗

arXiv2025

Semi-stable and splitting models for unitary Shimura varieties over ramified places. II

We consider Shimura varieties associated to a unitary group of signature $(n-1, 1)$. For these varieties, we construct $p$-adic integral models over odd primes $p$ which ramify in the imaginary quadratic field with level subgroup at $p$ given by the stabilizer of a vertex lattice in the hermitian space. Our models are given by a variation of the construction of the splitting models of Pappas-Rapoport and they have a simple moduli theoretic description. By an explicit calculation, we show that these splitting models are normal, flat, Cohen-Macaulay and with reduced special fiber. In fact, they have relatively simple singularities: we show that a single blow-up along a smooth codimension one subvariety of the special fiber produces a semi-stable model. This also implies the existence of semi-stable models of the corresponding Shimura varieties.

math.NT↗

arXiv2024

Generating Origin-Destination Matrices in Neural Spatial Interaction Models

Agent-based models (ABMs) are proliferating as decision-making tools across policy areas in transportation, economics, and epidemiology. In these models, a central object of interest is the discrete origin-destination matrix which captures spatial interactions and agent trip counts between locations. Existing approaches resort to continuous approximations of this matrix and subsequent ad-hoc discretisations in order to perform ABM simulation and calibration. This impedes conditioning on partially observed summary statistics, fails to explore the multimodal matrix distribution over a discrete combinatorial support, and incurs discretisation errors. To address these challenges, we introduce a computationally efficient framework that scales linearly with the number of origin-destination pairs, operates directly on the discrete combinatorial space, and learns the agents' trip intensity through a neural differential equation that embeds spatial interactions. Our approach outperforms the prior art in terms of reconstruction error and ground truth matrix coverage, at a fraction of the computational cost. We demonstrate these benefits in large-scale spatial mobility ABMs in Cambridge, UK and Washington, DC, USA.

cs.LG↗

arXiv2024

A multi-objective combinatorial optimisation framework for large scale hierarchical population synthesis

In agent-based simulations, synthetic populations of agents are commonly used to represent the structure, behaviour, and interactions of individuals. However, generating a synthetic population that accurately reflects real population statistics is a challenging task, particularly when performed at scale. In this paper, we propose a multi objective combinatorial optimisation technique for large scale population synthesis. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach by generating a synthetic population for selected regions and validating it on contingency tables from real population data. Our approach supports complex hierarchical structures between individuals and households, is scalable to large populations and achieves minimal contigency table reconstruction error. Hence, it provides a useful tool for policymakers and researchers for simulating the dynamics of complex populations.

cs.MA↗

arXiv2023

Semi-stable models for some unitary Shimura varieties over ramified primes

We consider Shimura varieties associated to a unitary group of signature $(2,n-2)$. We give regular $p$-adic integral models for these varieties over odd primes $p$ which ramify in the imaginary quadratic field with level subgroup at $p$ given by the stabilizer of a selfdual lattice in the hermitian space. Our construction is given by an explicit resolution of a corresponding local model.

math.NT↗

arXiv2023

Table inference for combinatorial origin-destination choices in agent-based population synthesis

A key challenge in agent-based mobility simulations is the synthesis of individual agent socioeconomic profiles. Such profiles include locations of agent activities, which dictate the quality of the simulated travel patterns. These locations are typically represented in origin-destination matrices that are sampled using coarse travel surveys. This is because fine-grained trip profiles are scarce and fragmented due to privacy and cost reasons. The discrepancy between data and sampling resolutions renders agent traits non-identifiable due to the combinatorial space of data-consistent individual attributes. This problem is pertinent to any agent-based inference setting where the latent state is discrete. Existing approaches have used continuous relaxations of the underlying location assignments and subsequent ad-hoc discretisation thereof. We propose a framework to efficiently navigate this space offering improved reconstruction and coverage as well as linear-time sampling of the ground truth origin-destination table. This allows us to avoid factorially growing rejection rates and poor summary statistic consistency inherent in discrete choice modelling. We achieve this by introducing joint sampling schemes for the continuous intensity and discrete table of agent trips, as well as Markov bases that can efficiently traverse this combinatorial space subject to summary statistic constraints. Our framework's benefits are demonstrated in multiple controlled experiments and a large-scale application to agent work trip reconstruction in Cambridge, UK.

stat.ME↗

arXiv2023

Creation and evaluation of timelines for longitudinal user posts

There is increasing interest to work with user generated content in social media, especially textual posts over time. Currently there is no consistent way of segmenting user posts into timelines in a meaningful way that improves the quality and cost of manual annotation. Here we propose a set of methods for segmenting longitudinal user posts into timelines likely to contain interesting moments of change in a user's behaviour, based on their online posting activity. We also propose a novel framework for evaluating timelines and show its applicability in the context of two different social media datasets. Finally, we present a discussion of the linguistic content of highly ranked timelines.

cs.CL↗

arXiv2022

On orthogonal local models of Hodge type

We study local models that describe the singularities of Shimura varieties of non-PEL type for orthogonal groups at primes where the level subgroup is given by the stabilizer of a single lattice. In particular, we use the Pappas-Zhu construction and we give explicit equations that describe an open subset around the "worst" point of orthogonal local models given by a single lattice. These equations display the affine chart of the local model as a hypersurface in a determinantal scheme. Using this we prove that the special fiber of the local model is reduced and Cohen-Macaulay.

math.AG↗

arXiv2021

Regular integral models for Shimura varieties of orthogonal type

We consider Shimura varieties for orthogonal or spin groups acting on hermitian symmetric domains of type IV. We give regular p-adic integral models for these varieties over odd primes p at which the level subgroup is the connected stabilizer of a vertex lattice in the orthogonal space. Our construction is obtained by combining results of Kisin and the first author with an explicit presentation and resolution of a corresponding local model.

math.NT↗