arXiv subjects

Iosif Tsangko

Publications and source records attributed to Iosif Tsangko.

10 recordsLinked to original sources

arXiv2026

Acoustic Cue Alignment in Audio Language Models for Speech Emotion Recognition

Instruction-following audio language models (ALMs) can be augmented with explicit acoustic cues, yet it remains unclear whether such cues are used in a grounded way when the raw audio is already available. We study this question in speech emotion recognition (SER) by deriving six interpretable acoustic concept tokens from the standardised eGeMAPS paralinguistic feature set. These tokens summarise energy, pitch, dynamics, brightness, formants, and voice quality, and are appended to the textual prompt while the audio input is kept unchanged. Across the widely used FAU-Aibo and IEMOCAP benchmarks, aligned tokens improve unweighted average recall (UAR), whereas shuffled, conflicting, or corrupted tokens reduce performance relative to aligned tokens and shift confusions toward neutral. Importantly, predictions do not collapse under strong token perturbations, suggesting that the models are sensitive to the symbolic cue channel but remain partly anchored to the audio signal. We argue that token-only interventions provide a practical way to probe audio-grounded cue use, robustness, and interpretability in ALM-based affective computing.

cs.SD↗

arXiv2026

A Pilot Study on Curator-Guided Multilingual Art Description for Blind and Low-Vision Audiences with Small Vision-Language Models

Blind and low-vision (BLV) audiences remain underserved by visual art descriptions, particularly across languages and in museum settings where privacy and intellectual-property constraints may favour small on-premise vision-language models (VLMs). This pilot study investigates curator-guided multilingual art description with Qwen2.5-VL-3B-Instruct for German, Romanian, and Serbian. We construct a parallel BLV-oriented caption corpus from artwork images and metadata, and compare language-specific LoRA adapters with a single multilingual adapter under a fixed backbone and training budget. Evaluation combines automatic lexical and embedding-based metrics with an LLM-as-Judge protocol calibrated against a small Romanian BLV pilot study. Under our pilot setup, language-specific adapters show more stable controllability and visually grounded description quality for Romanian and Serbian, while multilingual adaptation remains competitive in German. We frame these findings as deployment-oriented evidence for small on-premise VLMs, and highlight the need for larger BLV user studies and broader language coverage before drawing general conclusions about multilingual accessibility.

cs.MM↗

arXiv2025

Computer Audition: From Task-Specific Machine Learning to Foundation Models

Foundation models (FMs) are increasingly spearheading recent advances on a variety of tasks that fall under the purview of computer audition -- the use of machines to understand sounds. They feature several advantages over traditional pipelines: among others, the ability to consolidate multiple tasks in a single model, the option to leverage knowledge from other modalities, and the readily-available interaction with human users. Naturally, these promises have created substantial excitement in the audio community, and have led to a wave of early attempts to build new, general-purpose foundation models for audio. In the present contribution, we give an overview of computational audio analysis as it transitions from traditional pipelines towards auditory foundation models. Our work highlights the key operating principles that underpin those models, and showcases how they can accommodate multiple tasks that the audio community previously tackled separately.

cs.SD↗

arXiv2025

Reading Smiles: Proxy Bias in Foundation Models for Facial Emotion Recognition

Foundation Models (FMs) are rapidly transforming Affective Computing (AC), with Vision Language Models (VLMs) now capable of recognising emotions in zero shot settings. This paper probes a critical but underexplored question: what visual cues do these models rely on to infer affect, and are these cues psychologically grounded or superficially learnt? We benchmark varying scale VLMs on a teeth annotated subset of AffectNet dataset and find consistent performance shifts depending on the presence of visible teeth. Through structured introspection of, the best-performing model, i.e., GPT-4o, we show that facial attributes like eyebrow position drive much of its affective reasoning, revealing a high degree of internal consistency in its valence-arousal predictions. These patterns highlight the emergent nature of FMs behaviour, but also reveal risks: shortcut learning, bias, and fairness issues especially in sensitive domains like mental health and education.

cs.CV↗

arXiv2025

MELT: Towards Automated Multimodal Emotion Data Annotation by Leveraging LLM Embedded Knowledge

Although speech emotion recognition (SER) has advanced significantly with deep learning, annotation remains a major hurdle. Human annotation is not only costly but also subject to inconsistencies annotators often have different preferences and may lack the necessary contextual knowledge, which can lead to varied and inaccurate labels. Meanwhile, Large Language Models (LLMs) have emerged as a scalable alternative for annotating text data. However, the potential of LLMs to perform emotional speech data annotation without human supervision has yet to be thoroughly investigated. To address these problems, we apply GPT-4o to annotate a multimodal dataset collected from the sitcom Friends, using only textual cues as inputs. By crafting structured text prompts, our methodology capitalizes on the knowledge GPT-4o has accumulated during its training, showcasing that it can generate accurate and contextually relevant annotations without direct access to multimodal inputs. Therefore, we propose MELT, a multimodal emotion dataset fully annotated by GPT-4o. We demonstrate the effectiveness of MELT by fine-tuning four self-supervised learning (SSL) backbones and assessing speech emotion recognition performance across emotion datasets. Additionally, our subjective experiments\' results demonstrate a consistence performance improvement on SER.

cs.AI↗

arXiv2025

DFingerNet: Noise-Adaptive Speech Enhancement for Hearing Aids

The DeepFilterNet (DFN) architecture was recently proposed as a deep learning model suited for hearing aid devices. Despite its competitive performance on numerous benchmarks, it still follows a `one-size-fits-all' approach, which aims to train a single, monolithic architecture that generalises across different noises and environments. However, its limited size and computation budget can hamper its generalisability. Recent work has shown that in-context adaptation can improve performance by conditioning the denoising process on additional information extracted from background recordings to mitigate this. These recordings can be offloaded outside the hearing aid, thus improving performance while adding minimal computational overhead. We introduce these principles to the DFN model, thus proposing the DFingerNet (DFiN) model, which shows superior performance on various benchmarks inspired by the DNS Challenge.

cs.SD↗

arXiv2024

Large language models for mental health

Digital technologies have long been explored as a complement to standard procedure in mental health research and practice, ranging from the management of electronic health records to app-based interventions. The recent emergence of large language models (LLMs), both proprietary and open-source ones, represents a major new opportunity on that front. Yet there is still a divide between the community developing LLMs and the one which may benefit from them, thus hindering the beneficial translation of the technology into clinical use. This divide largely stems from the lack of a common language and understanding regarding the technology's inner workings, capabilities, and risks. Our narrative review attempts to bridge this gap by providing intuitive explanations behind the basic concepts related to contemporary LLMs.

cs.CY↗

arXiv2024

Affective Computing Has Changed: The Foundation Model Disruption

The dawn of Foundation Models has on the one hand revolutionised a wide range of research problems, and, on the other hand, democratised the access and use of AI-based tools by the general public. We even observe an incursion of these models into disciplines related to human psychology, such as the Affective Computing domain, suggesting their affective, emerging capabilities. In this work, we aim to raise awareness of the power of Foundation Models in the field of Affective Computing by synthetically generating and analysing multimodal affective data, focusing on vision, linguistics, and speech (acoustics). We also discuss some fundamental problems, such as ethical issues and regulatory aspects, related to the use of Foundation Models in this research area.

cs.AI↗

arXiv2024

Abusive Speech Detection in Indic Languages Using Acoustic Features

Abusive content in online social networks is a well-known problem that can cause serious psychological harm and incite hatred. The ability to upload audio data increases the importance of developing methods to detect abusive content in speech recordings. However, simply transferring the mechanisms from written abuse detection would ignore relevant information such as emotion and tone. In addition, many current algorithms require training in the specific language for which they are being used. This paper proposes to use acoustic and prosodic features to classify abusive content. We used the ADIMA data set, which contains recordings from ten Indic languages, and trained different models in multilingual and cross-lingual settings. Our results show that it is possible to classify abusive and non-abusive content using only acoustic and prosodic features. The most important and influential features are discussed.

cs.SD↗

arXiv2024

Bringing the Discussion of Minima Sharpness to the Audio Domain: a Filter-Normalised Evaluation for Acoustic Scene Classification

The correlation between the sharpness of loss minima and generalisation in the context of deep neural networks has been subject to discussion for a long time. Whilst mostly investigated in the context of selected benchmark data sets in the area of computer vision, we explore this aspect for the acoustic scene classification task of the DCASE2020 challenge data. Our analysis is based on two-dimensional filter-normalised visualisations and a derived sharpness measure. Our exploratory analysis shows that sharper minima tend to show better generalisation than flat minima -even more so for out-of-domain data, recorded from previously unseen devices-, thus adding to the dispute about better generalisation capabilities of flat minima. We further find that, in particular, the choice of optimisers is a main driver of the sharpness of minima and we discuss resulting limitations with respect to comparability. Our code, trained model states and loss landscape visualisations are publicly available.

cs.SD↗