arXiv subjects

Irina Markina

Publications and source records attributed to Irina Markina.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources

arXiv2025

Geodesic orbit pseudo-Riemannian H-type nilmanifolds: case of minimal admissible Clifford modules

We investigate the geodesic orbit property of pseudo-Riemannian nilmanifolds, specifically those known in the literature as pseudo $H$-type Lie groups -- i.e., 2-step nilpotent Lie groups of Heisenberg type equipped with a left invariant pseudo-Riemannian metric. The study of homogeneous geodesics on Riemannian $H$-type Lie groups was completed by C.~Riehm in 1984. In this work, we extend these results to the pseudo-Riemannian $H$-type Lie groups and provide a complete characterization of the geodesic orbit property for the case where the underlying Lie algebras are constructed from the admissible Clifford modules of minimal dimension.

math.DG↗

arXiv2025

Curvature of Measure-Preserving Diffeomorphism Groups of Non-Orientable Surfaces

We study curvatures of the groups of measure-preserving diffeomorphisms of non-orientable compact surfaces. For the cases of the Klein bottle and the real projective plane we compute curvatures, their asymptotics and the normalized Ricci curvatures in many directions. Extending the approach of V. Arnold, and A. Lukatskii we provide estimates of weather unpredictability for natural models of trade wind currents on the Klein bottle and the projective plane.

math.DG↗

arXiv2024

Stokes graphs of the Rabi problem with real parameters

The goal of this paper is to study the geometry of the Stokes graphs associated with the problem, which was introduced by Isidor Rabi in 1937 to model reactions of atoms to the harmonic electric field with frequency close to the natural frequency of the atoms. In the standard Garnier form, the Rabi model is a matrix linear differential equation with three physical parameters, which are: the level of separation of the fermion mode $Δ$, the boson-fermion coupling $g$, and the eigenvalue $E$ of the Hamiltonian relevant to this model. The qualitative behavior of solutions of this type of problems is often described in terms of the Stokes graphs of associated quadratic differential, which in the case of Rabi problem can be represented in the form $Q_0(z)\, dz^2 = -\frac{z^4+c_3z^3+c_2z^2+c_1z+c_0}{(z-1)^2(z+1)^2}\, dz^2$ with the coefficients $c_k$, $k=0,1,2,3$, depending on the parameters $Δ$, $g$, and $E$. In this paper, we first give a complete classification of possible generic topological types of domain configurations and Stokes graphs of this quadratic differential assuming that its coefficients $c_k$ are real and the zeros of its numerator are distinct from its poles. Then we identify the set of coefficients $(c_3,c_2,c_1,c_0)\in \mathbb{R}^4$, which correspond to particular choices of the physical parameters $Δ$, $g$, and $E$. The structure of Stokes graphs and domain configurations of quadratic differentials, which appear as asymptotic cases when the parameters of the Rabi problem tend to infinity, also will be discussed.

math-ph↗

arXiv2023

Rolling Stiefel manifolds equipped with $α$-metrics

We discuss the rolling, without slip and without twist, of Stiefel manifolds equipped with $α$-metrics, from an intrinsic and an extrinsic point of view. We, however, start with a more general perspective, namely by investigating intrinsic rolling of normal naturally reductive homogeneous spaces. This gives evidence why a seemingly straightforward generalization of intrinsic rolling of symmetric spaces to normal naturally reductive homogeneous spaces is not possible, in general. For a given control curve, we derive a system of explicit time-variant ODEs whose solutions describe the desired rolling. These findings are applied to obtain the intrinsic rolling of Stiefel manifolds, which is then extended to an extrinsic one. Moreover, explicit solutions of the kinematic equations are obtained provided that the development curve is the projection of a not necessarily horizontal one-parameter subgroup. In addition, our results are put into perspective with examples of rolling Stiefel manifolds known from the literature.

math.DG↗

arXiv2023

Harmonic maps into sub-Riemannian Lie groups

We define harmonic maps between sub-Riemannian manifolds by generalizing known definitions for Riemannian manifolds. We establish conditions for when a horizontal map into a Lie group with a left-invariant metric structure is a harmonic map. We show that sub-Riemannian harmonic maps can be abnormal or normal, just as sub-Riemannian geodesics. We illustrate our study by presenting the equations for harmonic maps into the Heisenberg group.

math.DG↗

arXiv2023

Invariant integral structures in pseudo $H$-type Lie algebras: construction and classification

Pseudo $H$-type Lie algebras are a special class of 2-step nilpotent metric Lie algebras, intimately related to Clifford algebras $\Cl_{r,s}$. In this work we propose the classification method for integral orthonormal structures of pseudo $H$-type Lie algebras. We apply this method for the full classification of these structures for $r\in\{1,\ldots,16\}$, $s\in \{0,1\}$ and irreducible Clifford modules. The latter cases form the basis for the further extensions by making use of the Atiyah-Bott periodicity. The existence of integral structures gives rise to the integral discrete uniform subgroups of the pseudo $H$-type Lie groups.

math.RA↗

arXiv2022

Exceptional families of measures on Carnot groups

We study the families of measures on Carnot groups that have vanishing $p$-module, which we call $p$-exceptional families. We found necessary and sufficient condition for the family of intrinsic Lipschitz surfaces passing through a common point to be $p$-exceptional for $p\geq 1$. We described a wide class of $p$-exceptional intrinsic Lipschitz surfaces for $p\in(0,\infty)$.

math.MG↗

arXiv2022

Local Invariants and Geometry of the sub-Laplacian on H-type Foliations

$H$-type foliations $(\mathbb{M},\mathcal{H},g_{\mathcal{H}})$ are studied in the framework of sub-Riemannian geometry with bracket generating distribution defined as the bundle transversal to the fibers. Equipping $\mathbb{M}$ with the Bott connection we consider the scalar horizontal curvature $κ_{\mathcal{H}}$ as well as a new local invariant $τ_{\mathcal{V}}$ induced from the vertical distribution. We extend recent results on the small-time asymptotics of the sub-Riemannanian heat kernel on quaternion-contact (qc-)manifolds due to A. Laaroussi and we express the second heat invariant in sub-Riemannian geometry as a linear combination of $κ_{\mathcal{H}}$ and $τ_{\mathcal{V}}$. The use of an analog to normal coordinates in Riemannian geometry that are well-adapted to the geometric structure of $H$-type foliations allows us to consider the pull-back of Korányi balls to $\mathbb{M}$. We explicitly obtain the first three terms in the asymptotic expansion of their Popp volume for small radii. Finally, we address the question of when $\mathbb{M}$ is locally isometric as a sub-Riemannian manifold to its $H$-type tangent group.

math.DG↗

arXiv2020

Sub-Riemannian geodesics on nested principal bundles

We study the interplay between geodesics on two non-holono\-mic systems that are related by the action of a Lie group on them. After some geometric preliminaries, we use the Hamiltonian formalism to write the parametric form of geodesics. We present several geometric examples, including a non-holonomic structure on the Gromoll-Meyer exotic sphere and twistor space.

math.DG↗

arXiv2019

Automorphism groups of pseudo $H$-type algebras

In the present paper, we determine the group of automorphisms of pseudo $H$-type Lie algebras, which are two-step nilpotent Lie algebras closely related to the Clifford algebras $\Cl(\mathbb R^{r,s})$.

math.RA↗

arXiv2019

The fundamental solution of a class of ultra-hyperbolic operators on Pseudo $H$-type groups

Pseudo $H$-type Lie groups $G_{r,s}$ of signature $(r,s)$ are defined via a module action of the Clifford algebra $C\ell_{r,s}$ on a vector space $V \cong \mathbb{R}^{2n}$. They form a subclass of all 2-step nilpotent Lie groups and based on their algebraic structure they can be equipped with a left-invariant pseudo-Riemannian metric. Let $\mathcal{N}_{r,s}$ denote the Lie algebra corresponding to $G_{r,s}$. A choice of left-invariant vector fields $[X_1, \ldots, X_{2n}]$ which generate a complement of the center of $\mathcal{N}_{r,s}$ gives rise to a second order operator \begin{equation*} Δ_{r,s}:= \big{(}X_1^2+ \ldots + X_n^2\big{)}- \big{(}X_{n+1}^2+ \ldots + X_{2n}^2 \big{)}, \end{equation*} which we call ultra-hyperbolic. In terms of classical special functions we present families of fundamental solutions of $Δ_{r,s}$ in the case $r=0$, $s>0$ and study their properties. In the case of $r>0$ we prove that $Δ_{r,s}$ admits no fundamental solution in the space of tempered distributions. Finally we discuss the local solvability of $Δ_{r,s}$ and the existence of a fundamental solution in the space of Schwartz distributions.

math.AP↗

arXiv2019

The Laguerre calculus on the nilpotent Lie groups of step two

The Laguerre calculus is widely used for the inversion of differential operators on the Heisenberg group. We extend the Laguerre calculus for nilpotent groups of step two, and test it in the determining of the fundamental solution of the sub-Laplace operator. We also apply it to find the Szegö kernels of the projection operators to a kind of regular functions on the quaternion Heisenberg group.

math.CA↗

arXiv2018

Flat approximations of hypersurfaces along curves

Given a smooth curve $γ$ in some $m$-dimensional surface $M$ in $\mathbb{R}^{m+1}$, we study existence and uniqueness of a flat surface $H$ having the same field of normal vectors as $M$ along $γ$, which we call a flat approximation of $M$ along $γ$. In particular, the well-known characterisation of flat surfaces as torses (ruled surfaces with tangent plane stable along the rulings) allows us to give an explicit parametric construction of such approximation.

math.DG↗

arXiv2017

Lie algebras attached to Clifford modules and simple graded Lie algebras

We study possible cases of complex simple graded Lie algebras of depth 2, which are the Tanaka prolongations of pseudo $H$-type Lie algebras arising through representation of Clifford algebras. We show that the complex simple Lie algebras of type $B_n$ with $|2|$-grading do not contain non-Heisenberg pseudo $H$-type Lie algebras as their negative nilpotent part, while the complex simple Lie algebras of types $A_n$, $C_n$ and $D_n$ provide such a possibility. Among exceptional algebras only $F_4$ and $E_6$ contain non-Heisenberg pseudo $H$-type Lie algebras as their negative part of $|2|$-grading. An analogous question addressed to real simple graded Lie algebras is more difficult, and we give results revealing the main differences with the complex situation.

math.DG↗

arXiv2017

Submersions and curves of constant geodesic curvature

Considering Riemannian submersions, we find necessary and sufficient conditions for when sub-Riemannian normal geodesics project to curves of constant first geodesic curvature or constant first and vanishing second geodesic curvatures. We describe a canonical extension of the sub-Riemannian metric and study geometric properties of the obtained Riemannian manifold. This work contains several examples illustrating the results.

math.DG↗

arXiv2017

Rigidity of 2-step Carnot groups

In the present paper we study the rigidity of 2-step Carnot groups, or equivalently, of graded 2-step nilpotent Lie algebras. We prove the alternative that depending on bi-dimensions of the algebra, the Lie algebra structure makes it either always of infinite type or generically rigid, and we specify the bi-dimensions for each of the choices. Explicit criteria for rigidity of pseudo $H$- and $J$-type algebras are given. In particular, we establish the relation of the so-called $J^2$-condition to rigidity, and we explore these conditions in relation to pseudo $H$-type algebras.

math.RT↗

arXiv2017

Complete classification of pseudo $H$-type algebras: II

We classify a class of 2-step nilpotent Lie algebras related to the representations of the Clifford algebras in the following way. Let $J\colon \Cl(\mathbb R^{r,s})\toU$ be a representation of the Clifford algebra $\Cl(\mathbb R^{r,s})$ generated by the pseudo Euclidean vector space $\mathbb R^{r,s}$. Assume that the Clifford module $U$ is endowed with a bilinear symmetric non-degenerate real form $\la\cdot\,,\cdot\ra_U$ making the linear map $J_z$ skew symmetric for any $z\in\mathbb R^{r,s}$. The Lie algebras and the Clifford algebras are related by $\la J_zv,w\ra_U=\la z,[v,w]\ra_{\mathbb R^{r,s}}$, $z\in \mathbb R^{r,s}$, $v,w\in U$. We detect the isomorphic and non-isomorphic Lie algebras according to the dimension of $U$ and the range of the non-negative integers~$r,s$.

math.RT↗

arXiv2015

Complete classification of $H$-type algebras: I

Let $\mathscr N$ be a 2-step nilpotent Lie algebra endowed with non-degenerate scalar product $\langle.\,,.\rangle$ and let $\mathscr N=V\oplus_{\perp}Z$, where $Z$ is the centre of the Lie algebra and $V$ its orthogonal complement with respect to the scalar product. We study the classification of the Lie algebras for which the space $V$ arises as a representation space of a Clifford algebra $\Cl(\mathbb R^{r,s})$ and the representation map $J\colon \Cl(\mathbb R^{r,s})\to(V)$ is related to the Lie algebra structure by $\langle J_zv,w\rangle=\langle z,[v,w]\rangle$ for all $z\in \mathbb R^{r,s}$ and $v,w\in V$. The classification is based on the range of parameters $r$ and $s$ and is completed for the Clifford modules $V$, having minimal possible dimension, that are not necessary irreducible. We find the necessary condition for the existence of a Lie algebra isomorphism according to the range of integer parameters $0\leq r,s<\infty$. We present the constructive proof for the isomorphism map for isomorphic Lie algebras and defined the class of non-isomorphic Lie algebras.

math.RT↗