arXiv subjects
Publications and source records attributed to Irina Shchepochkina.
Here, in every simple finite-dimensional vectorial Lie superalgebra considered with the standard grading where every indeterminate is of degree 1, the maximal graded solvable subalgebras are classified over $\mathbb{C}$.
Under usual locality assumptions, we classify all non-integrable distributions with simple infinite-dimensional Lie superalgebra of symmetries over $\mathbb{C}$: we single out 15 series (containing 2 analogs of contact series and one family of deformations of their divergence-free subalgebras), and 7 exceptional Lie superalgebras. Over algebraically closed fields~$\mathbb{K}$ of characteristic $p>0$, we classify the W-gradings (corresponding to a maximal subalgebra of finite codimension) of the known simple vectorial Lie (super)algebras with unconstrained shearing vector of heights of the indeterminates, distinguish W-gradings of (super)algebras preserving non-integrable distributions. For $p>3$, we get analogs of the result over $\mathbb{C}$. For $p=3$, of all possible W-gradings (12 of Skryabin algebras, 3 of superized Melikyan algebras, and 4 of Bouarroudj superalgebras) most are new, together with the corresponding distributions. For $p=2$, we also get several new examples of distributions and their Lie (super)algebras of symmetries.
We overview classifications of simple infinite-dimensional complex $\mathbb{Z}$-graded Lie (super)algebras of polynomial growth, and their deformations. A subset of such Lie (super)algebras consist of vectorial Lie (super)algebras whose elements are vector fields with polynomial, or formal power series, or divided power coefficients. A given vectorial Lie (super)algebra with a (Weisfeiler) filtration corresponding to a maximal subalgebra of finite codimension is called W-filtered; the associated graded algebra is called W-graded. Here, we correct several published results: (1) prove our old claim "the superization of É. Cartan's problem (classify primitive Lie algebras) is wild", (2) solve a tame problem: classify simple W-graded and W-filtered vectorial Lie superalgebras, (3) describe the supervariety of deformation parameters for the serial W-graded simple vectorial superalgebras, (4) conjecture that the exceptional simple vectorial superalgebras are rigid. We conjecture usefulness of our method in classification of simple infinite-dimensional vectorial Lie (super)algebras over fields of positive characteristic.
We describe supertraces on ``queerifications'' (see arxiv:2203.06917) of the algebras of matrices of ``complex size'', algebras of observables of Calogero-Moser model, Vasiliev higher spin algebras, and (super)algebras of pseudo-differential operators. In the latter case, the supertraces establish complete integrability of the analogs of Euler equations to be written.
Bol operators (Bols for short) are differential operators invariant under the projective action of $\mathfrak{pgl}(2)\simeq\mathfrak{sl}(2)$ between spaces of weighted densities on the 1-dimensional manifold. Here, we described analogs of Bols: $\mathfrak{pgl}(a+1\vert b)$-invariant differential operators between spaces of tensor fields on $(a\vert b)$-dimensional supermanifolds with irreducible, as $\mathfrak{gl}(a\vert b)$-modules, fibers of arbitrary, even infinite, dimension for certain ``key" values of $a$ and $b$ -- the ones for which the solution is describable. We discovered many new operators for $(a|b)=(2|0), (0|3)$ and for the case of $1\vert 1$-dimensional general superstring which looks like a~most natural superization of Bol's result, additional to the cases of super analogs of Bols between spaces of weighted densities on the $1\vert n$-dimensional superstrings with a~contact structure we classified in arXiv:2110.10504. In the case of fibers of dimension $>1$, there are $(a+b-1)$-parameter families of Bols, whereas there are no non-scalar non-zero differential operators between spaces of weighted densities. These two extreme answers justify the selection of cases here.
As is well-known, the dimension of the space spanned by the non-degenerate invariant symmetric bilinear forms (NISes) on any simple finite-dimensional Lie algebra or Lie superalgebra is equal to at most 1 if the characteristic of the algebraically closed ground field is not 2. We prove that in characteristic 2, the superdimension of the space spanned by NISes can be equal to 0, or 1, or $0|1$, or $1|1$; it is equal to $1|1$ if and only if the Lie superalgebra is a queerification (defined in arXiv:1407.1695) of a simple classically restricted Lie algebra with a NIS (for examples, mainly in characteristic distinct from 2, see arXiv:1806.05505). We give examples of NISes on deformations (with both even and odd parameters) of several simple finite-dimensional Lie superalgebras in characteristic 2. We also recall examples of multiple NISes on simple Lie algebras over non-closed fields.
The Bol operators are unary differential operators between spaces of weighted densities on the 1-dimensional manifold invariant under projective transformations of the manifold. On the $1|n$-dimensional supermanifold (superstring) $\mathcal{M}$, we classify analogs of Bol operators invariant under the simple maximal subalgebra $\mathfrak{h}$ of the same rank as its simple ambient superalgebra $\mathfrak{g}$ of vector fields on $\mathcal{M}$ and containing all elements of negative degree of $\mathfrak{g}$ in a $\mathbb{Z}$-grading. We also consider the Lie superalgebras of vector fields $\mathfrak{g}$ preserving a contact structure on the superstring $\mathcal{M}$. We have discovered many new operators.
We overview the classifications of simple finite-dimensional modular Lie algebras. In characteristic 2, their list is wider than that in other characteristics; e.g., it contains desuperizations of modular analogs of complex simple vectorial Lie superalgebras. We consider odd parameters of deformations. For all 15 Weisfeiler gradings of the 5 exceptional families, and one Weisfeiler grading for each of 2 serial simple complex Lie superalgebras (with 2 exceptional subseries), we describe their characteristic-2 analogs - new simple Lie algebras. Descriptions of several of these analogs, and of their desuperizations, are far from obvious. One of the exceptional simple vectorial Lie algebras is a previously unknown deform (the result of a deformation) of the characteristic-2 version of the Lie algebra of divergence-free vector fields; this is a new simple Lie algebra with no analogs in characteristics distinct from 2. In characteristic 2, every simple Lie superalgebra can be obtained from a simple Lie algebra by one of the two methods described in arXiv:1407.1695. Most of the simple Lie superalgebras thus obtained from simple Lie algebras we describe here are new.
We give explicit formulas proving restrictedness of the following Lie (super)algebras: known exceptional simple vectorial Lie (super)algebras in characteristic 3, deformed Lie (super)algebras with indecomposable Cartan matrix, and (under certain conditions) their simple subquotients over an algebraically closed field of characteristic 3, as well as one type of the deformed divergence-free Lie superalgebras with any number of indeterminates in any characteristic.
All results concern characteristic 2. Two procedures that to every simple Lie algebra assign simple Lie superalgebras, most of the latter new, are offered. We prove that every simple finite-dimensional Lie superalgebra is obtained as the result of one of these procedures, so we classified all simple finite-dimensional Lie superalgebras modulo non-existing at the moment classification of simple finite-dimensional Lie algebras. This result concerns Lie superalgebras considered naively, as vector spaces. To obtain classification of simple Lie superalgebras in the category of supervarieties, one should list the non-isomorphic deforms (results of deformations) with odd parameter. This problem is open bar several examples described in arXiv~0807.3054. For Lie algebras, in addition to the known ---"classical" --- restrictedness, we introduce a (2,4)-structure on the two non-alternating series: orthogonal and of Hamiltonian vector fields. For Lie superalgebras, the classical restrictedness of Lie algebras has two analogs: $(2|4)$- and $(2|2)$-structures, one more analog --- a $(2,4)|4$-structure on Lie superalgebras is the analog of (2,4)-structure on Lie algebras.
We review the list of non-degenerate invariant (super)symmetric bilinear forms (briefly: NIS) on the following simple (relatives of) Lie (super)algebras: (a) with symmetrizable Cartan matrix of any growth, (b) with non-symmetrizable Cartan matrix of polynomial growth, (c) Lie (super)algebras of vector fields with polynomial coefficients, (d) stringy a.k.a. superconformal superalgebras, (e) queerifications of simple restricted Lie algebras. Over algebraically closed fields of positive characteristic, we establish when the deform (i.e., the result of deformation) of the known finite-dimensional simple Lie (super)algebra has a NIS. Amazingly, in most of the cases considered, if the Lie (super)algebra has a NIS, its deform has a NIS with the same Gram matrix after an identification of bases of the initial and deformed algebras. We do not consider odd parameters of deformations. Closely related with simple Lie (super)algebras with NIS is the notion of doubly extended Lie (super)algebras of which affine Kac--Moody (super)algebras are the most known examples.
Of four types of Kaplansky algebras, type-2 and type-4 algebras have previously unobserved $\mathbb{Z}/2$-gradings: nonlinear in roots. A method assigning a simple Lie superalgebra to every $\mathbb{Z}/2$-graded simple Lie algebra in characteristic 2 is illustrated by seven new series. Type-2 algebras and one of the two type-4 algebras are demystified as nontrivial deforms (the results of deformations) of the alternate Hamiltonian algebras. The type-1 Kaplansky algebra is recognized as the derived of the nonalternate version of the Hamiltonian Lie algebra, the one that preserves a tensorial 2-form, not an exterior one. Deforms corresponding to nontrivial cohomology classes can be isomorphic to the initial algebra, e.g., we confirm Grishkov's implicit claim and explicitly describe the Jurman algebra as such a "semitrivial" deform of the derived of the alternate Hamiltonian Lie algebra. This paper helps to sharpen the formulation of a conjecture describing all simple finite-dimensional Lie algebras over any algebraically closed field of nonzero characteristic and supports a conjecture of Dzhumadildaev and Kostrikin stating that all simple finite-dimensional modular Lie algebras are either of "standard" type or deforms thereof. In characteristic 2, we give sufficient conditions for the known deformations to be semitrivial.
Dynkin's classification of maximal subalgebras of simple finite dimensional complex Lie algebras is generalized to linear Lie superalgebras. Namely, the maximal non-simple irreducible subalgebras of $\mathfrak{gl}(p|q), \mathfrak{q}(n), \mathfrak{sl}(p|q), \mathfrak{osp}(m|2n), \mathfrak{pe}(n)$, and $\mathfrak{spe}(n)$ are classified.
Over an algebraically closed fields, an alternative to the method due to Kostrikin and Shafarevich was recently suggested. It produces all known simple finite dimensional Lie algebras in characteristic p>2. For p=2, we investigate one of the steps of this method, interpret several other simple Lie algebras, previously known only as sums of their components, as Lie algebras of vector fields. One new series of exceptional simple Lie algebras is discovered, together with its "hidden supersymmetries". In characteristic 2, certain simple Lie algebras are "desuperizations" of simple Lie superalgebras. Several simple Lie algebras we describe as results of generalized Cartan prolongation of the non-positive parts, relative a simplest (by declaring degree of just one pair of root vectors corresponding to opposite simple roots nonzero) grading by integers, of Lie algebras with Cartan matrix are "desuperizations" of characteristic 2 versions of complex simple exceptional vectorial Lie superalgebras. We list the Lie superalgebras (some of them new) obtained from the Lie algebras considered by declaring certain generators odd. One of the simple Lie algebras obtained is the prolong relative to a non-simplest grading, so the classification to be obtained might be more involved than we previously thought.
In 1996/7, J. Bernstein observed that smooth or analytic supermanifolds that mathematicians study are real or (almost) complex ones, while Minkowski superspaces are completely different objects. They are what we call almost real-complex supermanifolds, i.e., real supermanifolds with a non-integrable distribution, the collection of subspaces of the tangent space, and in every subspace a complex structure is given. An almost complex structure on a real supermanifold can be given by an even or odd operator; it is complex (without "always") if the suitable superization of the Nijenhuis tensor vanishes. On almost real-complex supermanifolds, we define the circumcised analog of the Nijenhuis tensor. We compute it for the Minkowski superspaces and superstrings. The space of values of the circumcised Nijenhuis tensor splits into (indecomposable, generally) components whose irreducible constituents are similar to those of Riemann or Penrose tensors. The Nijenhuis tensor vanishes identically only on superstrings of superdimension 1|1 and, besides, the superstring is endowed with a contact structure. We also prove that all real forms of complex Grassmann algebras are isomorphic although singled out by manifestly different anti-involutions.
The uniqueness of (the class of) deformation of Poisson Lie algebra has long been a completely accepted folklore. Actually, it is wrong as stated, because its validity depends on the class of functions that generate Poisson Lie algebra, Po(2n): it is true for polynomials but false for Laurent polynomials. We show that unlike the Lie superalgebra Po(2n|m), its quotient modulo center, the Lie superalgebra H(2n|m) of Hamiltonian vector fields with polynomial coefficients, has exceptional extra deformations for (2n|m)=(2|2) and only for this superdimension. We relate this result to the complete description of deformations of the antibracket (also called the Schouten or Buttin bracket). The representation of the deform (the result of quantization) of the Poisson algebra in the Fock space coincides with the simplest space on which the Lie algebra of commutation relations acts. This coincidence is not necessary for Lie superalgebras
H. Hertz called any manifold M with a given nonintegrable distribution {\it nonholonomic}. Vershik and Gershkovich stated and R. Montgomery proved that the space of germs of any nonholonomic distribution on M with an open and dense orbit of the diffeomorphism group is either (1) of codimension one or (2) an Engel distribution. No analog of this statement for supermanifolds is formulated yet, we only have some examples: our list (an analog of E.Cartan's classification) of simple Lie superalgebras of vector fields with polynomial coefficients and a particular (Weisfeiler) grading contains 16 series similar to contact ones and 11 exceptional algebras preserving nonholonomic structures. Here we compute the cohomology corresponding to the analog of the Riemann tensor for the SUPERmanifolds corresponding to the 15 exceptional simple vectorial Lie superalgebras, 11 of which are nonholonomic. The cohomology for analogs of the Riemann tensor for the manifolds with an exceptional Engel manifolds are computed in math.RT/0202213.
An algorithm for embedding finite dimensional Lie algebras into Lie algebras of vector fields (and Lie superalgebras into Lie superalgebras of vector fields) is offered in a way applicable over ground fields of any characteristic. The algorithm is illustrated by reproducing Cartan's interpretations of the Lie algebra of G(2) as the Lie algebra that preserves certain non-integrable distributions. Similar algorithm and interpretation are applicable to other exceptional simple Lie algebras, as well as to all non-exceptional simple ones and many non-simple ones, and to many Lie superalgebras.