arXiv subjects

Italo Salas

Publications and source records attributed to Italo Salas.

3 recordsLinked to original sources

arXiv2025

Confined floating active carpets generate coherent vortical flows that enhance transport

Slicks are thin viscous films that can be found at the air--water interface of water bodies such as lakes, rivers and oceans. These micro-layers are enriched in surfactants, organic matter, and microorganisms, and exhibit steep physical and chemical gradients across only tens to hundreds of micrometers. In such geometrically confined environments, the hydrodynamics and transport of nutrients, pollutants, and microorganisms are constrained, yet they collectively sustain key biogenic processes. It remains however largely unexplored how the hydrodynamic flows and transport are affected by the vertical extent of slicks relative to the size of microbial colonies. Here, we study this question by combining analytical and numerical approaches to model a microbial colony as an active carpet: a two-dimensional distribution of micro-swimmers exerting dipolar forces. We show that there exists a ratio between the carpet size and the confinement height that is optimal for the enhancement of particle transport toward the colony edges through advective flows that recirculate in 3D vortex-ring-like patterns with a characteristic length comparable to the confinement height. Our results demonstrate that finite, coherent vortex-ring-like structures can arise solely from the geometrical confinement ratio of slick thickness to microbial colony size. These findings shed light on the interplay between collective activity and out-of-equilibrium transport, and on how microbial communities form, spread, and persist in geometrically constrained environments such as surface slicks.

physics.flu-dyn↗

arXiv2025

Contact temporal network during motility induced phase separation

Motility-induced phase separation (MIPS) is a paradigmatic non-equilibrium transition in active matter, determined by the Péclet number and packing fraction. We investigate the single-phase and phase-separated regimes of MIPS using a complex network approach, where networks are constructed from particle interactions over finite time windows. In the single-phase (gas-like) regime, the degree distributions $P(k)$ exhibit Gaussian behavior and resemble those of random graphs. Plotting the location and height of the $P(k)$ peak reveals a universal curve across different Péclet numbers at fixed packing fraction. In the phase-separated regime, we analyze the dense and dilute phases independently. The $P(k)$ distributions unveil distinct collective dynamics, including caging in the dense phase and the emergence of active solid-like structures at longer times. Clustering coefficients and average path lengths in both phases stabilize rapidly, indicating that short simulations are sufficient to capture essential network features. Overall, our results show that network metrics expose both universal and phase-specific aspects of active matter dynamics. Notably, we identify distinct and previously unreported topological structures arising in the dense and dilute phases within the MIPS regime.

physics.bio-ph↗

arXiv2024

Emerging double power-law through dynamical complex networks in motility-induced phase separation in Active Brownian Particles

We investigate the behavior of active Brownian particles (ABP) within a temporal complex network framework approach. We focused on the node degree distribution, average path length, and average clustering coefficient across the Péclet number and packing fraction region. In the single phase or gas region, particle interactions mirror a random graph, and the average number of unique interactions display a non-monotonic behavior with the packing fraction. As we ventured toward the Motility-Phase Separation (MIPS) frontier, a hybrid distribution with a time-evolving pattern emerged, combining Gaussian and power law components. Moreover, we discovered a double power-law distribution in the phase-separated region, with two characteristic slopes symbolizing the emerging gas and solid regions. Our approach involved various numerical and theoretical analyses to capture the role of the packing fraction and Péclet number in the topological properties of the dynamical complex network that arises during the ABP dynamics. These findings provide a robust understanding of a phase transition between two states and how this transition manifests as a random to scale-free behavior.

physics.bio-ph↗