Thermodynamic Remnants in Black-hole Evaporation
We show that black-hole remnant scenario naturally arises in the original computations of Hawking without extra assumptions.
hep-th↗
arXiv subjects
Ivan Arraut
Publications and source records attributed to Ivan Arraut.
Path Integral approach to Black-hole Evaporation and Accretion
In this paper, we investigate evaporation and accretion of uncharged, non-rotating, spherically symmetric black-holes from the path integral perspective. We show that the effective actions derived using the path integral techniques incorporate both accreting and evaporating configurations, thus presenting a novel methodology to study black-hole accretion and evaporation in $4D$ on the same footing. We specifically focus on evaporating configurations which deviate from the standard thermodynamic modes of black-hole evaporation.
hep-th↗
The cosmological constant emerging from a symmetry invariant
The cosmological constant is normally introduced as an additional term entering the Einstein-Hilbert (EH) action. In this letter we demonstrate that instead, it appears naturally from the standard EH action as an invariant term emerging from spacetime symmetries. We then demonstrate that the same constraint emerging from this invariant, suppresses the short wavelength modes and it favors the long wavelength ones. In this way, inside the proposed formulation, the observed value for the vacuum energy density is obtained naturally from the zero-point quantum fluctuations.
physics.gen-ph↗
On the Local equivalence of the Black Scholes and the Merton Garman equations
It was demonstrated previously that the stochastic volatility emerges as the gauge field necessary for restoring the local symmetry under changes of the prices of the stocks inside the Black-Scholes (BS) equation. When this occurs, then a Merton-Garman-like equation emerges. From the perspective of manifolds, this means that the Black-Scholes equation and the Merton-Garman (MG) one can be considered as locally equivalent. In this scenario, the MG Hamiltonian is a special case of a more general Hamiltonian, here called gauge-Hamiltonian. We then show that the gauge character of the volatility implies some specific functional relation between the prices of the stock and the volatility. The connection between the prices of the stocks and the volatility, is a powerful tool for improving the volatility estimations in the stock market, which is a key ingredient for the investors to make good decisions. Finally, we define an extended version of the martingale condition, defined for the gauge-Hamiltonian.
q-fin.PR↗
Neutrino oscillations from the perspective of the quantum Yang-Baxter equations
The origins of neutrino masses is one of the biggest mysteries in modern physics since they are beyond the realm of the Standard Model. As massive particles, neutrinos undergo flavor oscillations throughout their propagation. In this paper we show that when a neutrino oscillates from a flavor state α to a flavor state \b{eta}, it follows three possible paths consistent with the Quantum Yang- Baxter Equations. These trajectories define the transition probabilities of the oscillations. Moreover, we define a probability matrix for flavor transitions consistent with the Quantum Yang-Baxter Equations, and estimate the values of the three neutrino mass eigenvalues within the framework of the triangular formulation.
hep-ph↗
The solution to the Black Hole information paradox
The information paradox suggests that the black hole loses information when it emits radiation. In this way, the spectrum of radiation corresponds to a mixed (non-pure) quantum state even if the internal state generating the black-hole is expected to be pure in essence. In this paper we propose an argument solving this paradox by understanding the process of spontaneous symmetry breaking when the black-hole selects one among the many possible ground states, emitting then radiation as a consequence of it. Here the particle operator number is the order parameter. This mechanism explains the connection between the density matrix corresponding to the pure state describing the black-hole state and the density matrix describing the spectrum of radiation (mixed quantum state). From this perspective, we can recover the black-hole information from the superposition principle applied to the different possible order parameters (particle number operators).
gr-qc↗
Predictions of the neutrino oscillations parameters
We demonstrate that the observed parameters, related to the flavor oscillation of the neutrinos, are consistent with a system with three degenerate ground states. These ground states must have the same energy and they are connected by a symmetry with its corresponding generator. This symmetry is not spontaneously broken because the neutrino never selects a specific vacuum state. Instead, the neutrino keeps oscillating between the three ground states as it moves through spacetime. The order parameter in this case is the neutrino flavor and then the superposition of all the possible vacuum flavor states for one neutrino gives a trivial (zero) result. From this trivial condition, we can find constraints over the observed mixing angles $\theta_{ij}$. By using these constraints we make the predictions of the mixing angles which are in agreement with the observations. Subsequently, complementing these arguments with a triangular formulation of the neutrino oscillation, we find relations between the the mass eigenvalues and the mixing angles, making again predictions consistent with the observations and consistent with a normal order in hierarchy with $m_3>>m_2\approx m_1$. Finally, we analyze the symmetry related to the flavor oscillation.
physics.gen-ph↗
Hawking radiation as a manifestation of spontaneous symmetry breaking
We demonstrate that the black hole evaporation can be modelled as a process where one symmetry of the system is spontaneously broken continuously. We then identify three free-parameters of the system. The sign of one of the free-parameters, governs whether the particles emitted by the black-hole are fermions or bosons. The present model explains why the Black Hole evaporation process is so universal. Interestingly, this universality emerges naturally inside certain modifications of gravity.
gr-qc↗
Reply to the "Comment on The Tully-Fisher law and dark matter effects derived via modified symmetries by I. Arraut"
It has been claimed in \cite{1}, that the idea proposed in \cite{2} has certain mistakes based on arguments of energy conditions and others. Additionally, some of the key arguments of the paper are criticized. Here we demonstrate that the results obtained in \cite{2} are correct and that there is no violation of any energy condition. The statements claimed in \cite{1} are based on three things: 1). Misinterpretation of the metric solution. 2). Language issues related to the physical quantities obtained in \cite{1}, where the authors make wrong interpretations about certain results over the geometry proposed in \cite{2}. 3). Non-rigorous evaluations of the vacuum condition defined via the result over the Ricci tensor $R_{μν}=0$
gr-qc↗
Comment on "Generalized James' Effective Hamiltonian Method"
In the paper carried out by Wenjun et al. \cite{Shao2017}, a generalization of the James effective dynamics theory based on a first version of the James method was presented. This however, is not a very rigorous way of deriving the effective third-order expansion for an interaction Hamiltonian with harmonic time-dependence. In fact, here we show that the third-order Hamiltonian obtained in \cite{Shao2017} is not Hermitian for general situations when we consider time-dependence. Its non-Hermitian nature arises from the foundation of the theory itself. In this comment paper, the most general expression of the effective Hamiltonian expanded up to third order is obtained. Our derived effective Hamiltonian is Hermitian even in situations where we have time-dependence.
physics.gen-ph↗
The Tully-Fisher's law and Dark Matter effects derived via modified symmetries
In any physical system, when we move from short to large scales, new spacetime symmetries emerge which help us to simplify the dynamics of the system. In this letter we demonstrate that certain variations on the symmetries of General Relativity at large scales, generate the effects equivalent to Dark Matter. In particular, we reproduce the Tully-Fisher law, consistent with the predictions proposed by MOND. Additionally, we demonstrate that the dark matter effects derived in this way, are consistent with the predictions suggested by MOND, without modifying gravity.
gr-qc↗
Gauge symmetries and the Higgs mechanism in Quantum Finance
By using the Hamiltonian formulation, we demonstrate that the Merton-Garman equation emerges naturally from the Black-Scholes equation after imposing invariance (symmetry) under local (gauge) transformations over changes in the stock price. This is the case because imposing gauge symmetry implies the appearance of an additional field, which corresponds to the stochastic volatility. The gauge symmetry then imposes some constraints over the free-parameters of the Merton-Garman Hamiltonian. Finally, we analyze how the stochastic volatility gets massive dynamically via Higgs mechanism.
q-fin.GN↗
The probability flow in the Stock market and Spontaneous symmetry breaking in Quantum Finance
The Spontaneous Symmetry breaking in Quantum Finance considers the martingale condition in the stock market as a vacuum state if we express the financial equations in the Hamiltonian form. The original analysis for this phenomena ignores completely the kinetic terms in the neighborhood of the minimal of the potential terms. This is correct in most of the cases. However, when we deal with the Martingale condition, it comes out that the kinetic terms can also behave as potential terms and then reproduce a shift on the effective location of the vacuum (Martingale). In this paper we analyze the effective symmetry breaking patterns and the connected vacuum degeneracy for these special circumstances. Within the same scenario, we analyze the connection between the flow of information and the multiplicity of martingale states, providing in this way powerful tools for analyzing the dynamic of the stock market.
q-fin.GN↗
The solution to the Hardy's paradox
By using both, the weak-value formulation as well as the standard probabilistic approach, we analyze the Hardy's experiment introducing a complex and dimensionless parameter ($\epsilon$) which eliminates the assumption of complete annihilation when both, the electron and the positron departing from a common origin, cross the intersection point $P$. We then find that the paradox does not exist for all the possible values taken by the parameter. The apparent paradox only appears when $\epsilon=1$; however, even in this case we can interpret this result as a natural consequence of the fact that the particles can cross the point $P$, but at different times due to a natural consequence of the energy-time uncertainty principle.
physics.gen-ph↗
Order parameter conditions from mutual information and symmetry conditions
The mutual information method has demonstrated to be very useful for deriving the potential order parameter of a system. Although the method suggests some constraints which help to define this quantity, there is still some freedom in the definition. The method then results inefficient for cases where we have order parameters with a large number of constants in the expansion, which happens when we have many degenerate vacuums. Here we introduce some additional constraints based on the existence of broken symmetries, which help us to reduce the arbitrariness in the definitions of the order parameter in the proposed mutual information method.
cond-mat.str-el↗
Black-Hole evaporation and Quantum-depletion in Bose-Einstein condensates
We study the analogy between the Hawking radiation in Black-Holes and the Quantum depletion process of a Bose-Einstein condensate by using the Bogoliubov transformations method. We find that the relation between the Bogoliubov coefficients is similar in both cases (in the appropriate regimes). We then connect the condensate variables with those associated to the Black-Hole, demonstrating then that the zero temperature regime of the condensate is equivalent to the existence of an event horizon in gravity.
cond-mat.quant-gas↗
Spontaneous symmetry breaking in Quantum Finance
We analyze the phenomena of spontaneous symmetry breaking in Quantum Finance by using as a starting point the Black-Scholes (BS) and the Merton-Garman (MG) equations expressed in the Hamiltonian form. In this scenario the martingale condition (state) corresponds to the vacuum state which becomes degenerate when the symmetry of the system is spontaneously broken. We then analyze the broken symmetries of the system and we interpret from the perspective of Financial markets the possible appearance of the Nambu-Goldstone bosons.
q-fin.GN↗
The counting of Nambu-Goldstone bosons in a non-Hermitian field theory
We demonstrate that the number of Nambu-Goldstone bosons is always equal to the number of conserved currents inside the scenario of non-Hermitian field theories with spontaneous symmetry breaking. This eliminates the redundancies which normally appears in Hermitian field theories, specifically when the Lagrangian under analysis violates explicitly the Lorentz symmetry.
hep-th↗