Competition of Magnetocrystalline Anisotropy of Uranium Layers and Zig-Zag Chains in UNi$_{0.34}$Ge$_2$ Single Crystals
Structural and thermodynamic properties of single-crystalline UNi$_{1-x}$Ge$_2$ with $x$\,=\,0.66 have been investigated by measuring magnetization, specific heat, and thermal expansion over a wide range of temperatures and magnetic fields. The measurements revealed the emergence of a long-range antiferromagnetic ordering of uranium magnetic moments below the N{é}el temperature $T_{\rm N}$\,=\,45.5\,K and the existence of two easy axes in the studied compound, namely $b$ and $c$, which correspond to the planes of the uranium zig-zag chains. Magnetic field applied along these two crystallographic directions induces in the system a first-order metamagnetic phase transition (from antiferromagnetism to field-polarized paramagnetism), and the width of the magnetic hysteresis associated with that transition reaches as much as 40 kOe at the lowest temperatures. A magnetic phase diagram developed from the experimental data showed that the metastable region associated with that magnetic hysteresis forms a funnel that narrows toward the N{é}el point in zero magnetic field. The four-layer Ising model has successfully predicted the collinear antiferromagnetic structure in UNi$_{0.34}$Ge$_2$ (known from earlier reports), its magnetic phase diagram, and temperature and field variations of its magnetization. Moreover, it suggests that the first-order phase transition extends down to zero magnetic field, although it is barely detectable in the experiments performed in low magnetic fields. According to this model, the second-order phase transition occurs in the compound only in zero field.