arXiv subjects

J. Bielecki

Publications and source records attributed to J. Bielecki.

6 recordsLinked to original sources

arXiv2024

First numerical analysis of runaway electron generation in tungsten-rich plasmas towards ITER

The disruption and runaway electron analysis model code was extended to include tungsten impurities in disruption simulations with the aim of studying the runaway electron (RE) generation. This study investigates RE current sensitivity on the following plasma parameters and modelling choices: tungsten concentration, magnetic perturbation strength, electron modelling, thermal quench time and tokamak geometry: ITER-like or ASDEX-like. Our investigation shows that a tungsten concentration below 10-3 does not cause significant RE generation on its own. However, at higher concentrations it is possible to reach a very high RE current. Out of the two tested models of electrons in plasma: fluid and isotropic (kinetic), results from the fluid model are more conservative, which is useful when it comes to safety analysis. However, these results are overly pessimistic when compared to the isotropic model, which is based on a more reliable approach. Our results also show that the hot-tail RE generation mechanism is dominant as a primary source of RE in tungsten induced disruptions, usually providing orders of magnitude higher RE seed than Dreicer generation. We discuss best practices for simulations with tungsten-rich plasma, present the dependence of the safety limits on modelling choices and highlight the biggest shortcoming of the current simulation techniques. The obtained results pave the way for a wider analysis of tungsten impact on the disruption dynamics, including the mitigation techniques for ITER in the case of strong contamination of the plasma with tungsten.

physics.plasm-ph↗

arXiv2023

3D atomic structure from a single XFEL pulse

X-ray Free Electron Lasers (XFEL) are the most advanced pulsed x-ray sources. Their extraordinary pulse parameters promise unique applications. Indeed, several new methods have been developed at XFEL-s. However, no methods are known, which would allow ab initio atomic level structure determination using only a single XFEL pulse. Here, we present experimental results, demonstrating the determination of the 3D atomic structure from data obtained during a single 25 fs XFEL pulse. Parallel measurement of hundreds of Bragg reflections was done by collecting Kossel line patterns of GaAs and GaP. With these measurements, we reached the ultimate temporal limit of the x-ray structure solution possible today. These measurements open the way for studying non-repeatable fast processes and structural transformations in crystals for example measuring the atomic structure of matter at extremely non-ambient conditions or transient structures formed in irreversible physical, chemical, or biological processes. It would also facilitate time resolved pump-probe structural studies making them significantly shorter than traditional serial crystallography.

cond-mat.mtrl-sci↗

arXiv2020

Time-resolved XUV Opacity Measurements of Warm-Dense Aluminium

The free-free opacity in plasmas is fundamental to our understanding of energy transport in stellar interiors and for inertial confinement fusion research. However, theoretical predictions in the challenging dense plasma regime are conflicting and there is a dearth of accurate experimental data to allow for direct model validation. Here we present time-resolved transmission measurements in solid-density Al heated by an XUV free-electron laser. We use a novel functional optimization approach to extract the temperature-dependent absorption coefficient directly from an oversampled pool of single-shot measurements, and find a pronounced enhancement of the opacity as the plasma is heated to temperatures of order the Fermi energy. Plasma heating and opacity-enhancement is observed on ultrafast time scales, within the duration of the femtosecond XUV pulse. We attribute further rises in the opacity on ps timescales to melt and the formation of warm-dense matter.

physics.plasm-ph↗

arXiv2015

Structure and dehydration mechanism of the proton conducting oxide Ba$_{2}$In$_{2}$O$_{5}$(H$_{2}$O)$_{x}$

The structure and dehydration mechanism of the proton conducting oxide Ba$_{2}$In$_{2}$O$_{5}$(H$_{2}$O)$_{x}$ are investigated by means of variable temperature Raman spectroscopy together with inelastic neutron scattering. At room temperature, Ba$_{2}$In$_{2}$O$_{5}$(H$_{2}$O)$_{x}$ is found to be fully hydrated ($x=1$) and to have a perovskite-like structure, which dehydrates gradually with increasing temperature and at around 600 $^{\circ}$C the material is essentially completely dehydrated ($x=0$). The dehydrated material exhibits a brownmillerite structure, which is featured by alternating layers of InO$_{6}$ octahedra and InO$_{4}$ tetrahedra. The transition from a perovskite-like to a brownmillerite-like structure is featured by a hydrated-to-intermediate phase transition at $ca.$ 370 °C. The structure of the intermediate phase is similar to the structure of the fully dehydrated material, but with the difference that it exhibits a non-centrosymmetric distortion of the InO$_{6}$ octahedra not present in the latter. For temperatures below the hydrated-to-intermediate phase transition, dehydration is featured by the release of protons confined to the layers of InO$_{4}$ tetrahedra, whereas above the transition also protons bound to oxygens of the layers of InO$_{6}$ are released. Finally, we found that the O-H stretch region of the vibrational spectra is not consistent with a single-phase spectrum, but is in agreement with the superposition of spectra associated with two different proton configurations. The relative contributions of the two proton configurations depend on how the sample is hydrated.

cond-mat.mtrl-sci↗

arXiv2010

Two Component Heat Diffusion Observed in CMR Manganites

We investigate the low-temperature electron, lattice, and spin dynamics of LaMnO_3 (LMO) and La_0.7Ca_0.3MnO_3 (LCMO) by resonant pump-probe reflectance spectroscopy. Probing the high-spin d-d transition as a function of time delay and probe energy, we compare the responses of the Mott insulator and the double-exchange metal to the photoexcitation. Attempts have previously been made to describe the sub-picosecond dynamics of CMR manganites in terms of a phenomenological three temperature model describing the energy transfer between the electron, lattice and spin subsystems followed by a comparatively slow exponential decay back to the ground state. However, conflicting results have been reported. Here we first show clear evidence of an additional component in the long term relaxation due to film-to-substrate heat diffusion and then develop a modified three temperature model that gives a consistent account for this feature. We confirm our interpretation by using it to deduce the bandgap in LMO. In addition we also model the non-thermal sub-picosecond dynamics, giving a full account of all observed transient features both in the insulating LMO and the metallic LCMO.

cond-mat.str-el↗

arXiv2009

Anharmonic softening of Raman active phonons in Iron-Pnictides; estimating the Fe isotope effect due to anharmonic expansion

We present Raman measurements on the iron-pnictide superconductors CeFeAsO_{1-x}F_{x} and NdFeAsO{1-x}F_{x}. Modeling the Fe-As plane in terms of harmonic and a cubic anharmonic Fe-As interaction we calculate the temperature dependence of the energy and lifetime of the Raman active Fe B_{1g} mode and fit to the observed energy shift. The shifts and lifetimes are in good agreement with those measured also in other Raman studies which demonstrate that the phonon spectrum is well represented by phonon-phonon interactions without any significant electronic contribution. We also estimate the anharmonic expansion from Fe (56->54) isotope substitution to Δa=5.1 10^{-4}Åand Δd_{Fe-As}= 2.510^{-4}Åand the shift of harmonic zero point fluctuations of bond lengths <Δx^2><=3 10^{-5}Å^2, giving a total relative average decrease of electronic hopping integrals of |δt|/t<= 2.0 10^{-4}. The results poses a serious challenge for any theory of superconductivity in the pnictides that does not include electron-phonon interactions to produce a sizable Fe-isotope effect.

cond-mat.supr-con↗