Introducing pixelation with applications
Motivated by the desire for a new kind of approximation, we define a type of localization called pixelation. We present how pixelation manifests in representation theory and in the study of sites and sheaves. A path category is constructed from a set, a collection of "paths" into the set, and an equivalence relation on the paths. A screen is a partition of the set that respects the paths and equivalence relation. For a commutative ring, we also enrich the path category over its modules (=linearize the category with respect to the ring) and quotient by an ideal generated by paths (possibly 0). The pixelation is the localization of a path category, or the enriched quotient, with respect to a screen. The localization has useful properties and serves as an approximation of the original category. As applications, we use pixelations to provide a new point of view of the Zariski topology of localized ring spectra, provide a parallel story to a ringed space and sheaves of modules, and construct a categorical generalization of higher Auslander algebras of type $A$.