SearcharxivSearch

arXiv subjects

J. E. Sobczyk

Publications and source records attributed to J. E. Sobczyk.

18 recordsLinked to original sources

Probing New Physics and CP Violation in $ν_τn \to Λ_c τ^- (π^- ν_τ)$ and $\barν_τp \to Λτ^+ (π^+ \barν_τ)$

We study the processes $ν_τn \to Λ_c τ^- (π^- ν_τ)$ and $\barν_τp \to Λτ^+ (π^+ \barν_τ)$, with particular emphasis on the pion energy and angular distributions, as a possible signal for lepton flavor universality violation, and in general of physics beyond the Standard Model (SM), as well as a sensitive probe of the $τ$ polarization vector. We work within an effective low-energy extension of the SM with all dimension-six four-fermion operators. In this framework, complex Wilson coefficients which encode new physics can generate CP-violating contributions. We propose an observable that provides a genuine CP-odd signal due to its sensitivity to particular transverse components of the $τ$ polarization vector. Namely, we show that the asymmetry in the azimuthal-angle distribution of the pion in the decay $τ^\pm\to π^\pm ν_τ$ constitutes a smoking-gun prediction of such a beyond the SM scenario. We estimate the strength of this effect extrapolating nucleon-hyperon form factors recently obtained from lattice QCD calculations.

hep-ph

Inclusive quasielastic (anti-)neutrino nucleus scattering within the Standard Model and beyond

We derive fully general expressions for the inclusive (anti-)neutrino-induced nuclear quasielastic production of a strange or charmed baryon $Y$, considering all dimension-six new physics operators relevant to the semileptonic $q\to q'\ell ν_\ell$ transition with both left- and right-handed neutrino fields. We illustrate the formalism by applying it to the $Λ_c$ production in neutrino nucleus scattering. The nuclear response is computed using a state-of-the-art {\it ab initio} spectral function, based on realistic nuclear many-body wavefunctions obtained via coupled-cluster method and a nuclear Hamiltonian derived from chiral effective field theory. We also highlight the role played by the final state interactions between the produced $Y$ hyperon and the residual nuclear system, which can obscure potential new physics signals in this (anti-)neutrino nucleus reaction. Our results improve upon previous studies that neglected nuclear corrections and uncertainties -- effects we show to be comparable to, or even larger than, those expected from new physics.

hep-ph

Neutrino Scattering: Connections Across Theory and Experiment

In this document drafted by the Neutrino Scattering Theory Experiment Collaboration (NuSTEC), we provide input on the synergies between theoretical and experimental efforts that can provide critical input to the prediction accuracy needed for the forthcoming high-precision neutrino measurements. These efforts involve a wide range of energies and interaction processes, as well as target nuclei and interaction probes. The challenges discussed will be overcome only through the active support of integrated collaboration across strong and electroweak physics from both the nuclear and high energy physics communities.

hep-ex

Measurement of the $^{40}$Ar(e,e$^{\prime}$) elastic scattering cross section with a novel gas-jet target

We report on a measurement of elastic electron scattering on argon performed with a novel cryogenic gas-jet target at the Mainz Microtron accelerator MAMI. The luminosity is estimated with the thermodynamical parameters of the target and by comparison to a calculation in distorted-wave Born approximation. The cross section, measured at new momentum transfers of 1.24 fm$^{-1}$ and 1.55 fm$^{-1}$ is in agreement with previous experiments performed with a traditional high-pressure gas target, as well as with modern ab-initio calculations employing state-of-the-art nuclear forces from chiral effective field theory. The nearly background-free measurement highlights the optimal properties of the gas-jet target for elements heavier than hydrogen, enabling new applications in hadron and nuclear physics.

physics.ins-det

Neutrino and antineutrino charged-current multi-nucleon cross sections revisited

In this work we improve on several aspects of the computation of the (anti-)neutrino charged-current multi-nucleon cross section carried out in Phys.Rev.C 83 (2011) 045501 and Phys.Rev.C 102 (2020) 024601. Most importantly, we implement a consistent treatment of the nucleon self-energy in the $W^\pm N\to N'π$ amplitude entering the definition of the two-particle two-hole (2p2h) cross-section, and estimate the source of uncertainty of our model due to a simplified treatment of the $Δ$ self-energy. Our new predictions are around $20-40\%$ higher than previously. We show comparisons for the inclusive lepton double-differential cross sections, with no pions in the final state, measured by MiniBooNE on carbon and by T2K on carbon and oxygen. In all cases, we find an excellent reproduction of the experiments, and in particular, the neutrino MiniBooNE data is now well described without requiring a global $90\%$ re-scaling of the flux. In addition, we take the opportunity of this revision to discuss in detail several important issues of the calculation of the 2p2h cross section, delving into the microscopic dynamics of the multi-nucleon mechanisms. The improved treatment presented in this work provides realistic first-step emitted two-nucleon final state momentum configurations, beyond the approximation of phase-space distributions.

nucl-th

Spin response of neutron matter in ab initio approach

We propose a general method embedded in the ab initio nuclear framework to reconstruct linear response functions and calculate sum rules. Within our approach, based on the Gaussian integral transform, we consistently treat the groundstate and the excited spectrum. Crucially, the method allows for a robust uncertainty estimation of the spectral reconstruction. We showcase it for the spin response in neutron matter. Our calculations are performed using state-of-the-art many-body coupled-cluster method and Hamiltonians derived in the chiral effective field theory, emphasizing the analysis of finite-size effects. This work serves as a stepping stone towards further studies of neutrino interactions in astrophysical environments from first principles.

nucl-th

Measurement of the $\mathrm{{}^{12}C}(e,e')$ cross sections at $Q^2=0.8\,\mathrm{GeV}^2/c^2$

We present the findings of a study based on a new inelastic electron-scattering experiment on the ${}^{12}\mathrm{C}$ nucleus focusing on the kinematic region of $Q^2=0.8\,\mathrm{GeV}^2/{c}^2$. The measured cross section is sensitive to the transverse response function and provides a stringent test of theoretical models, as well as of the theoretical assumptions made in Monte-Carlo event-generator codes developed for the interpretation of neutrino-nucleus experiments, such as DUNE and HyperK. We find that modern generators such as GENIE and GiBUU reproduce our new experimental data within 10$\%$.

nucl-ex

Electron Scattering and Neutrino Physics

A thorough understanding of neutrino-nucleus scattering physics is crucial for the successful execution of the entire US neutrino physics program. Neutrino-nucleus interaction constitutes one of the biggest systematic uncertainties in neutrino experiments - both at intermediate energies affecting long-baseline Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment (DUNE), as well as at low energies affecting coherent scattering neutrino program - and could well be the difference between achieving or missing discovery level precision. To this end, electron-nucleus scattering experiments provide vital information to test, assess and validate different nuclear models and event generators intended to be used in neutrino experiments. In this white paper, we highlight connections between electron- and neutrino-nucleus scattering physics at energies ranging from 10s of MeV to a few GeV, review the status of ongoing and planned electron scattering experiments, identify gaps, and layout a path forward that benefits the neutrino community. We also highlight the systemic challenges with respect to the divide between the nuclear and high-energy physics communities and funding that presents additional hurdle in mobilizing these connections to the benefit of neutrino programs.

hep-ex

Tau longitudinal and transverse polarizations from visible kinematics in (anti-)neutrino nucleus scattering

Since the $ν_τ(\barν_τ) A_Z \to τ^\mp X$ reaction is notoriously difficult to be directly measured, the information on the dynamics of this nuclear process should be extracted from the analysis of the energy and angular distributions of the tau decay visible products. These distributions depend on the components of the tau-polarization vector. We give, for the first time, the general expression for the outgoing hadron (pion or rho meson) energy and angular differential cross section for the sequential $ν_τA_Z \to τ^-(π^- ν_τ, ρ^-ν_τ) X$ and $\barν_τA_Z \to τ^+(π^+ \barν_τ, ρ^+ \barν_τ) X$ reactions. Though all possible nuclear reaction mechanisms contribute to the distribution, it may be possible to isolate/enhance one of them by implementing appropriate selection criteria. For the case of the quasi-elastic reaction off oxygen and neutrino energies below 6 GeV, we show that the pion distributions are sensitive to the details of the tau-polarization components. We find significant differences between the full calculation, where the longitudinal and transverse components of the tau polarization vector vary with the energy and the scattering angle of the produced tau, and the simplified scheme in which the polarizations are set to one and zero (respective asymptotic values in the high energy regime). In addition to its potential impact on neutrino oscillation analyses, this result can be used to further test different nuclear models, since these observables provide complementary information to that obtained by means of the inclusive nuclear weak charged-current differential cross section. We also study the effects on the cross section of the $W_4$, $W_5$ nuclear structure functions, which contributions are proportional to the charged lepton mass, and therefore difficult to constrain in muon and electron neutrino experiments.

hep-ph

Spectral function for $^4$He using the Chebyshev expansion in coupled-cluster theory

We compute spectral function for $^4$He by combining coupled-cluster theory with an expansion of integral transforms into Chebyshev polynomials. Our method allows to estimate the uncertainty of spectral reconstruction. The properties of the Chebyshev polynomials make the procedure numerically stable and considerably lower in memory usage than the typically employed Lanczos algorithm. We benchmark our predictions with other calculations in the literature and with electron scattering data in the quasi-elastic peak. The spectral function formalism allows one to extend ab-initio lepton-nucleus cross sections into the relativistic regime. This makes it a promising tool for modeling this process at higher energy transfers. The results we present open the door for studies of heavier nuclei, important for the neutrino oscillation programs.

nucl-th

Ab initio computation of the longitudinal response function in $^{40}$Ca

We present a consistent \emph{ab initio} computation of the longitudinal response function $R_L$ in $^{40}$Ca using the coupled-cluster and Lorentz integral transform methods starting from chiral nucleon-nucleon and three-nucleon interactions. We validate our approach by comparing our results for $R_L$ in $^4$He and the Coulomb sum rule in $^{40}$Ca against experimental data and other calculations. For $R_L$ in $^{40}$Ca we obtain a very good agreement with experiment in the quasi-elastic peak up to intermediate momentum transfers, and we find that final state interactions are essential for an accurate description of the data. This work presents a milestone towards \emph{ab initio} computations of neutrino-nucleus cross sections relevant for experimental long-baseline neutrino programs.

nucl-th

Weak Kaon Production off the nucleon and Watson's theorem

We have improved the tree-level model of Ref arXiv:1004.5484 [hep-ph] for weak production of kaons off nucleons by partially restoring unitarity. This is achieved by imposing Watson's theorem to the dominant vector and axial-vector contributions in appropriate angular momentum and isospin quantum number sectors. The observable consequences of this procedure are investigated.

hep-ph

Coulomb sum rule for $^4$He and $^{16}$O from coupled-cluster theory

We demonstrate the capability of coupled-cluster theory to compute the Coulomb sum rule for the $^4$He and $^{16}$O nuclei using interactions from chiral effective field theory. We perform several checks, including a few-body benchmark for $^4$He. We provide an analysis of the center-of-mass contaminations, which we are able to safely remove. We then compare with other theoretical results and experimental data available in the literature, obtaining a fair agreement. This is a first and necessary step towards initiating a program for computing neutrino-nucleus interactions from first principles and supporting the experimental long-baseline neutrino program with a state-of-the-art theory that can reach medium-mass nuclei.

nucl-th

Exclusive final state hadron observables from neutrino-nucleus multi-nucleon knockout

We present results of an updated calculation of the 2p2h (two particle two hole) contribution to the neutrino-induced charge-current cross section. We provide also some exclusive observables, interesting from the point of view of experimental studies, e.g. distributions of momenta of the outgoing nucleons and of available energy, which we compare with the results obtained within the NEUT generator. We also compute, and separate from the total, the contributions of 3p3h mechanisms. Finally, we discuss the differences between the present results and previous implementations of the model in MC event-generators, done at the level of inclusive cross sections, which might significantly influence the experimental analyses, particularly in the cases where the hadronic observables are considered.

nucl-th

Polarization of tau in quasielastic (anti)neutrino scattering: the role of spectral functions

We present a study of the $τ$ polarization in charged-current quasielastic (anti)neutrino-nucleus scattering. The spectral function formalism is used to compute the differential cross section and the polarization components for several kinematical setups, relevant for neutrino-oscillation experiments. The effects of the nuclear corrections in these observables are investigated by comparing the results obtained using two different realistic spectral functions, with those deduced from the relativistic global Fermi gas model, where only statistical correlations are accounted for. We show that the spectral functions, although they play an important role when predicting the differential cross sections, produce much less visible effects on the polarization components of the outgoing $τ$.

nucl-th

Weak production of strange and charm ground-state baryons in nuclei

We present results for the quasi-elastic weak production of $Λ$ and $Σ$ hyperons induced by $\barν$ scattering off nuclei, in the kinematical region of interest for accelerator neutrino experiments. We employ realistic hole spectral functions and we describe the propagation of the hyperons in the nuclear medium by means of a Monte Carlo cascade. The latter strongly modifies the kinematics and the relative production rates of the hyperons, leading to a non-vanishing $Σ^+$ cross section, to a sizable enhancement of the $Λ$ production and to a drastic reduction of the $Σ^0$ and $Σ^-$ distributions. We also compute the quasi-elastic weak $Λ_c$ production cross section, paying special attention to estimate the uncertainties induced by the model dependence of the vacuum $n\to Λ_c$ weak matrix element. In this regard, the recent BESIII measurements of the branching ratios of $Λ_c\rightarrow Λl^+ν_l$ ($l=e,μ$) are used to benchmark the available theoretical predictions.

nucl-th

Angular distributions in electroweak pion production off nucleons: odd parity hadron terms, strong relative phases and model dependence

The study of pion production in nuclei is important for signal and background determinations in current and future neutrino oscillation experiments. The first step, however, is to understand the pion production reactions at the free nucleon level. We present an exhaustive study of the charged-current and neutral-current neutrino and antineutrino pion production off nucleons, paying a special attention to the angular distributions of the outgoing pion. We show, using general arguments, that parity violation and time-reversal odd correlations in the weak differential cross sections are generated from the interference between different contributions to the hadronic current that are not relatively real. Next, we present a detailed comparison of three, state of the art, microscopic models for electroweak pion production off nucleons, and we also confront their predictions with polarized electron data, as a test of the vector content of these models. We also illustrate the importance of carrying out a comprehensive test at the level of outgoing pion angular distributions, going beyond comparisons done for partially integrated cross sections, where model differences cancel to a certain extent. Finally, we observe that all charged and neutral current distributions show sizable anisotropies, and identify channels for which parity violating effects are clearly visible. Based on the above results, we conclude that the use of isotropic distributions for the pions in the center of mass of the final pion-nucleon system, as assumed by some of the Monte Carlo event generators, needs to be improved by incorporating the findings of microscopic calculations.

hep-ph

Scaling within the Spectral Function approach

Scaling features of the nuclear electromagnetic response functions unveil aspects of nuclear dynamics that are crucial for interpretating neutrino- and electron-scattering data. In the large momentum-transfer regime, the nucleon-density response function defines a universal scaling function, which is independent of the nature of the probe. In this work, we analyze the nucleon-density response function of $^{12}$C, neglecting collective excitations. We employ particle and hole spectral functions obtained within two distinct many-body methods, both widely used to describe electroweak reactions in nuclei. We show that the two approaches provide compatible nucleon-density scaling functions that for large momentum transfers satisfy first-kind scaling. Both methods yield scaling functions characterized by an asymmetric shape, although less pronounced than that of experimental scaling functions. This asymmetry, only mildly affected by final state interactions, is mostly due to nucleon-nucleon correlations, encoded in the continuum component of the hole SF.

nucl-th