arXiv subjects

J. Jonsson

Publications and source records attributed to J. Jonsson.

5 recordsLinked to original sources

arXiv2019

A Generalized Network for MRI Intensity Normalization

Image normalization, the correction for intra-volume inhomogeneities in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data has little significance for visual diagnosis, but is a crucial step before automated radiotherapy solutions. There are several well-established normalization methods, however they are usually time expensive and difficult to tune for a specific dataset. In this study, we show how an artificial neural network (ANN) can be trained on non-medical images --- making the model general --- for intensity normalization on medical MRI images. Compared to one of the most well-known correction methods, N4ITK, the trained network achieves a higher accuracy with a speedup-factor of almost 70.

eess.IV↗

arXiv2010

Constraining dark matter halo properties using lensed SNLS supernovae

This paper exploits the gravitational magnification of SNe Ia to measure properties of dark matter haloes. The magnification of individual SNe Ia can be computed using observed properties of foreground galaxies and dark matter halo models. We model the dark matter haloes of the galaxies as truncated singular isothermal spheres with velocity dispersion and truncation radius obeying luminosity dependent scaling laws. A homogeneously selected sample of 175 SNe Ia from the first 3-years of the Supernova Legacy Survey (SNLS) in the redshift range 0.2 < z < 1 is used to constrain models of the dark matter haloes associated with foreground galaxies. The best-fitting velocity dispersion scaling law agrees well with galaxy-galaxy lensing measurements. We further find that the normalisation of the velocity dispersion of passive and star forming galaxies are consistent with empirical Faber-Jackson and Tully-Fisher relations, respectively. If we make no assumption on the normalisation of these relations, we find that the data prefer gravitational lensing at the 92 per cent confidence level. Using recent models of dust extinction we deduce that the impact of this effect on our results is very small. We also investigate the brightness scatter of SNe Ia due to gravitational lensing. The gravitational lensing scatter is approximately proportional to the SN Ia redshift. We find the constant of proportionality to be B = 0.055 +0.039 -0.041 mag (B < 0.12 mag at the 95 per cent confidence level). If this model is correct, the contribution from lensing to the intrinsic brightness scatter of SNe Ia is small for the SNLS sample.

astro-ph.CO↗

arXiv2009

Near-IR Search for Lensed Supernovae Behind Galaxy Clusters - II. First Detection and Future Prospects

Powerful gravitational telescopes in the form of massive galaxy clusters can be used to enhance the light collecting power over a limited field of view by about an order of magnitude in flux. This effect is exploited here to increase the depth of a survey for lensed supernovae at near-IR wavelengths. A pilot SN search program conducted with the ISAAC camera at VLT is presented. Lensed galaxies behind the massive clusters A1689, A1835 and AC114 were observed for a total of 20 hours split into 2, 3 and 4 epochs respectively, separated by approximately one month to a limiting magnitude J<24 (Vega). Image subtractions including another 20 hours worth of archival ISAAC/VLT data were used to search for transients with lightcurve properties consistent with redshifted supernovae, both in the new and reference data. The feasibility of finding lensed supernovae in our survey was investigated using synthetic lightcurves of supernovae and several models of the volumetric Type Ia and core-collapse supernova rates as a function of redshift. We also estimate the number of supernova discoveries expected from the inferred star formation rate in the observed galaxies. The methods consistently predict a Poisson mean value for the expected number of SNe in the survey between N_SN=0.8 and 1.6 for all supernova types, evenly distributed between core collapse and Type Ia SN. One transient object was found behind A1689, 0.5" from a galaxy with photometric redshift z_gal=0.6 +- 0.15. The lightcurve and colors of the transient are consistent with being a reddened Type IIP SN at z_SN=0.59. The lensing model predicts 1.4 magnitudes of magnification at the location of the transient, without which this object would not have been detected in the near-IR ground based search described in this paper (unlensed magnitude J~25). (abridged)

astro-ph↗

arXiv2006

A spherical initial ideal for Pfaffians

We determine a term order on the monomials in the variables $\varx{i}{j}$, $1 \leq i < j \leq n$, such that corresponding initial ideal of the ideal of Pfaffians of degree $r$ of a generic $n$ by $n$ skew-symmetric matrix is the Stanley-Reisner ideal of a join of a simplicial sphere and a simplex. Moreover, we demonstrate that the Pfaffians of the $2r$ by $2r$ skew-symmetric submatrices form a Gröbner basis for the given term order. The same methods and similar term orders as for the Pfaffians also yield squarefree initial ideals for certain determinantal ideals. Yet, in contrast to the case of Pfaffians, the corresponding simplicial complexes are balls that do not decompose into a join as above.

math.CO↗

arXiv2004

No evidence for Dark Energy Metamorphosis ?

Recent attempts to fit Type Ia supernova data by modeling the dark energy density as a truncated Taylor series have suggested the possibility of metamorphosis, i.e., a rapidly evolving equation of state parameter, w_DE(z). However, we show that fits using that parametrization have significant problems: evolution of w_DE(z) is both favoured and in some sense forced, and the equation of state parameter blows up or diverges in large regions of the parameter space. To further elucidate these problems we have simulated sets of supernova data in a Lambda-universe to show that the suggested ``evidence'' for metamorphosis is also common for w_DE=-1.

astro-ph↗