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J. Lang

Publications and source records attributed to J. Lang.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
arXiv2026

Modular Topologies on Vector Spaces: Structure and Normability

We investigate the topology generated by modular convergence on vector spaces endowed with a convex modular. Although modular convergence has long played a central role in the theory of modular function spaces, the topology it induces has, to the authors' best knowledge, not previously been studied as an independent mathematical object. Our principal result establishes that the modular topology is compatible with the vector space structure if and only if the underlying modular satisfies the $\Delta_2$-condition. Consequently, the $\Delta_2$-condition admits a purely topological characterization. We also show that the Luxemburg norm topology is the weakest first-countable topology containing all scaled modular topologies. We apply the theory to variable exponent sequence and Lebesgue spaces beyond the classical $\Delta_2$-theory and present an application of our results to the minimization of the Dirichlet integral in $W^{1,p(x)}$ with unbounded exponent $p$, which allows us to solve an open boundary value problem.

math.FA↗
arXiv2024

The Dirichlet problem for the $p(x)$-Laplacian with unbounded exponent $p(x)$

We prove the solvability of the Dirichlet problem for the variable exponent $p$-Laplacian with boundary data in $W^{1,p(x)}(\Omega)$ on a bounded, smooth domain $\Omega \subset {\mathbb R}^n$. Our main focus will be on an a.e. finite variable exponent $p(\cdot)$ with $n < \inf\limits_{x\in \Omega}p(x)$ and $\sup\limits_{x\in \Omega}p(x) = \infty$ under the sole assumption that $p\in C(\Omega)$.

math.AP↗
arXiv2022

Event Generators for High-Energy Physics Experiments

We provide an overview of the status of Monte-Carlo event generators for high-energy particle physics. Guided by the experimental needs and requirements, we highlight areas of active development, and opportunities for future improvements. Particular emphasis is given to physics models and algorithms that are employed across a variety of experiments. These common themes in event generator development lead to a more comprehensive understanding of physics at the highest energies and intensities, and allow models to be tested against a wealth of data that have been accumulated over the past decades. A cohesive approach to event generator development will allow these models to be further improved and systematic uncertainties to be reduced, directly contributing to future experimental success. Event generators are part of a much larger ecosystem of computational tools. They typically involve a number of unknown model parameters that must be tuned to experimental data, while maintaining the integrity of the underlying physics models. Making both these data, and the analyses with which they have been obtained accessible to future users is an essential aspect of open science and data preservation. It ensures the consistency of physics models across a variety of experiments.

hep-ph↗
arXiv2021

Remarks on j-eigenfunctions of operators

The paper is largely concerned with the possibility of obtaining a series representation for a compact linear map $T$ acting between Banach spaces. It is known that, using the notions of $j-$eigenfunctions and $j-$% eigenvalues, such a representation is possible under certain conditions on $T$. Particular cases discussed include those in which $T$ can be factorised through a Hilbert space, or has certain $s$-numbers that are fast-decaying. The notion of $p-$compactness proves to be useful in this context; we give examples of maps that possess this property.

math.FA↗
arXiv2020

Multiferroic behavior confined by symmetry in EuTiO3 films

We have elucidated the spin, lattice, charge and orbital coupling mechanism underlying the multiferroic character in tensile strained EuTiO3 films. Symmetry determined by oxygen octahedral tilting shapes the hybridization between the Eu 4f and Ti 3d orbitals and this inhibits predicted Ti displacement proper ferroelectricity. Instead, phonon softening emerges at low temperatures within the pseudo-cube (110) plane, orthogonal to the anticipated ferroelectric polarization symmetry. Additionally, the magnetic anisotropy is determined by orbital distortion through hybridization between the Ti 3d and typically isotropic Eu2+ 4f. This unique scenario demonstrates the critical role symmetry plays in the coupling of order parameters defining multiferroic behaviour.

cond-mat.mtrl-sci↗
arXiv2019

High-resolution, accurate MR-TOF-MS for short-lived, exotic nuclei of few events in their ground and low-lying isomeric states

Mass measurements of fission and projectile fragments, produced via $^{238}$U and $^{124}$Xe primary beams, have been performed with the multiple-reflection time-of-flight mass spectrometer (MR-TOF-MS) of the FRS Ion Catcher with a mass resolving powers (FWHM) up to 410,000 and an uncertainty of $6\cdot 10^{-8}$. The nuclides were produced and separated in-flight with the fragment separator FRS at 300 to 1000 MeV/u and thermalized in a cryogenic stopping cell. The data-analysis procedure was developed to determine with highest accuracy the mass values and the corresponding uncertainties for the most challenging conditions: down to a few events in a spectrum and overlapping distributions, characterized only by a broader common peak shape. With this procedure, the resolution of low-lying isomers is increased by a factor of up to three compared to standard data analysis. The ground-state masses of 31 short-lived nuclides of 15 different elements with half-lives down to 17.9~ms and count rates as low as 11 events per nuclide were determined. This is the first direct mass measurement for seven nuclides. The excitation energies and the isomer-to-ground state ratios of six isomeric states with excitation energies down to about 280~keV were measured. For nuclides with known mass values, the average relative deviation from the literature values is $(2.9 \pm 6.2) \cdot 10^{-8}$. The measured two-neutron separation energies and their slopes near and at the N=126 and Z=82 shell closures indicate a strong element-dependent binding energy of the first neutron above the closed proton shell Z=82. The experimental results deviate strongly from the theoretical predictions, especially for N=126 and N=127.

nucl-ex↗
arXiv2014

Measurement of the Michel Parameter xi" in Polarized Muon Decay and Implications on Exotic Couplings of the Leptonic Weak Interaction

The Michel parameter xi" has been determined from a measurement of the longitudinal polarization of positrons emitted in the decay of polarized and depolarized muons. The result, xi" = 0.981 +- 0.045stat +- 0.003syst, is consistent with the Standard Model prediction of unity, and provides an order of magnitude improvement in the relative precision of this parameter. This value sets new constraints on exotic couplings beyond the dominant V-A description of the leptonic weak interaction.

hep-ex↗
arXiv2013

Spin polarization of Ru in superconducting Ba(Fe$_{0.795}$Ru$_{0.205}$)$_2$As$_2$ studied by x-ray resonant magnetic scattering

We have employed the x-ray resonant magnetic scattering (XRMS) technique at the Ru $L_2$ edge of the Ba(Fe$_{1-x}$Ru$_x$)$_2$As$_2$ ($x = 0.205$) superconductor. We show that pronounced resonance enhancements at the Ru $L_2$ edge are observed at the wave vector which is consistent with the antiferromagnetic propagation vector of the Fe in the undoped BaFe$_2$As$_2$. We also demonstrate that the XRMS signals at the Ru $L_2$ edge follow the magnetic ordering of the Fe with a long correlation length, $ξ_{ab} > 2850\pm400$ Å. Our experimental observation shows that the Ru is spin-polarized in Ba(Fe$_{1-x}$Ru$_x$)$_2$As$_2$ compounds.

cond-mat.str-el↗
arXiv2011

Propositional Independence - Formula-Variable Independence and Forgetting

Independence -- the study of what is relevant to a given problem of reasoning -- has received an increasing attention from the AI community. In this paper, we consider two basic forms of independence, namely, a syntactic one and a semantic one. We show features and drawbacks of them. In particular, while the syntactic form of independence is computationally easy to check, there are cases in which things that intuitively are not relevant are not recognized as such. We also consider the problem of forgetting, i.e., distilling from a knowledge base only the part that is relevant to the set of queries constructed from a subset of the alphabet. While such process is computationally hard, it allows for a simplification of subsequent reasoning, and can thus be viewed as a form of compilation: once the relevant part of a knowledge base has been extracted, all reasoning tasks to be performed can be simplified.

cs.AI↗
arXiv2005

Ionisation state, excited populations and emission of impurities in dynamic finite density plasmas. I: The generalised collisional-radiative model for light elements

The paper presents an integrated view of the population structure and its role in establishing the ionisation state of light elements in dynamic, finite density, laboratory and astrophysical plasmas. There are four main issues, the generalised collisional-radiative picture for metastables in dynamic plasmas with Maxwellian free electrons and its particularising to light elements, the methods of bundling and projection for manipulating the population equations, the systematic production/use of state selective fundamental collision data in the metastable resolved picture to all levels for collisonal-radiative modelling and the delivery of appropriate derived coefficients for experiment analysis. The ions of carbon, oxygen and neon are used in illustration. The practical implementation of the methods described here is part of the ADAS Project.

astro-ph↗
arXiv2004

ADAS analysis of the differential emission measure structure of the inner solar corona. II. A study of the `quiet Sun' inhomogeneities from SOHO CDS-NIS spectra

We present a study of the differential emission measure (DEM) of a `quiet Sun' area observed in the extreme ultraviolet at normal incidence by the Coronal Diagnostic Spectrometer (CDS) on the SOHO spacecraft. The data used for this work were taken using the NISAT_S observing sequence. This takes the full wavelength ranges from both the NIS channels (308-381 Angtr. and 513-633 Angst.) with the 2 arcsec by 240 arcsec slit, which is the narrowest slit available, yielding the best spectral resolution. In this work we contrast the DEM from subregions of 2 by 80 arcsec$^2$ with that obtained from the mean spectrum of the whole raster (20 by 240 arcsec$^2$). We find that the DEM maintains essentially the same shape in the subregions, differing by a constant factor between 0.5 and 2 from the mean DEM, except in areas were the electron density is below $2 \times 10^7$ cm$^{-3}$ and downflow velocities of 50 km/s are found in the transition region. Such areas are likely to contain plasma departing from ionisation equilibrium, violating the basic assumptions underlying the DEM method. The comparison between lines of Li-like and Be-like ions may provide further evidence of departure from ionisation equilibrium. We find also that line intensities tend to be lower where velocities of the order of 30 km/s or higher are measured in transition region lines. The DEM analysis is also exploited to improve the line identification performed by Brooks et al (1999) and to investigate possible elemental abundance variations from region to region. We find that the plasma has composition close to photospheric in all the subregions examined.

astro-ph↗
arXiv2003

Search for Time-Reversal Violation in the beta-Decay of Polarized 8Li Nuclei

The transverse polarization of electrons emitted in the beta-decay of polarized 8Li nuclei has been measured. For the time reversal violating triple correlation parameter we find R = (0.9 +- 2.2)x10^{-3}. This result is in agreement with the standard model and yields improved constraints on exotic tensor contributions to the weak interaction. It also provides a new limit on the mass of a possible scalar leptoquark, m_{LQ} > 560 GeV/c^2 (90% C.L.).

nucl-ex↗
arXiv2001

X-Ray-Diffraction Study of Charge-Density-Waves and Oxygen-Ordering in YBa2Cu3O6+x Superconductor

We report a temperature-dependent increase below 300 K of diffuse superlattice peaks corresponding to q_0 =(~2/5,0,0) in an under-doped YBa_2Cu_3O_6+x superconductor (x~0.63). These peaks reveal strong c-axis correlations involving the CuO_2 bilayers, show a non-uniform increase below \~220 K with a plateau for ~100-160 K, and appear to saturate in the superconducting phase. We interpret this unconventional T-dependence of the ``oxygen-ordering'' peaks as a manifestation of a charge density wave in the CuO_2 planes coupled to the oxygen-vacancy ordering.

cond-mat.supr-con↗
arXiv2001

Spin-Momentum Correlations in Quasi-Elastic Electron Scattering from Deuterium

We report on a measurement of spin-momentum correlations in quasi-elastic scattering of longitudinally polarized electrons with an energy of 720 MeV from vector-polarized deuterium. The spin correlation parameter $A^V_{ed}$ was measured for the $^2 \vec{\rm H}(\vec e,e^\prime p)n$ reaction for missing momenta up to 350 MeV/$c$ at a four-momentum transfer squared of 0.21 (GeV/c)$^2$. The data give detailed information about the spin structure of the deuteron, and are in good agreement with the predictions of microscopic calculations based on realistic nucleon-nucleon potentials and including various spin-dependent reaction mechanism effects. The experiment demonstrates in a most direct manner the effects of the D-state in the deuteron ground-state wave function and shows the importance of isobar configurations for this reaction.

nucl-ex↗
arXiv2000

The approximation numbers of Hardy--type operators on trees

The Hardy operator $T_a$ on a tree $\G$ is defined by \[(T_af)(x):=v(x) \int^x_a u(t)f(t) dt \qquad {for} a, x\in \G. \] Properties of $T_a$ as a map from $L^p(\G)$ into itself are established for $1\le p \le \infty$. The main result is that, with appropriate assumptions on $u$ and $v$, the approximation numbers $a_n(T_a)$ of $T_a$ satisfy \[ (*) \lim_{n\to \infty} na_n(T_a) = α_p\int_{\G} |uv|dt \] for a specified constant $α_p$ and $1<p<\infty$. This extends results of Naimark, Newman and Solomyak for $p=2$. Hitherto, for $p\neq 2$, (*) was unknown even when $\G$ is an interval. Also, upper and lower estimates for the $l^q$ and weak-$l^q$ norms of $\{a_n(T_a)\}$ are determined.

math.SP↗
arXiv1999

The Charge Form Factor of the Neutron from the reaction 2H(pol)(e(pol)e'n)p

We report on the first measurement of spin-correlation parameters in quasifree electron scattering from vector-polarized deuterium. Polarized electrons were injected into an electron storage ring at a beam energy of 720 MeV. A Siberian snake was employed to preserve longitudinal polarization at the interaction point. Vector-polarized deuterium was produced by an atomic beam source and injected into an open-ended cylindrical cell, internal to the electron storage ring. The spin correlation parameter $A^V_{ed}$ was measured for the reaction $^2 \vec{\rm H}(\vec e,e^\prime n)p$ at a four-momentum transfer squared of 0.21~(GeV/$c$)$^2$ from which a value for the charge form factor of the neutron was extracted.

nucl-ex↗
arXiv1999

The Charge Form Factor of the Neutron from the Reaction \pol{2H}(\pol{e},e'n)p

We report on the first measurement of spin-correlation parameters in quasifree electron scattering from vector-polarized deuterium. Polarized electrons were injected into an electron storage ring at a beam energy of 720~MeV. A Siberian snake was employed to preserve longitudinal polarization at the interaction point. Vector-polarized deuterium was produced by an atomic beam source and injected into an open-ended cylindrical cell, internal to the electron storage ring. The spin correlation parameter A^V_{ed} was measured for the reaction \pol{2H}(\pol{e},e'n)p at a four-momentum transfer squared of 0.21 (GeV/c)^2 from which a value for the charge form factor of the neutron was extracted.

nucl-ex↗