arXiv subjects

J. M. Benkő

Publications and source records attributed to J. M. Benkő.

32 records · Page 2Linked to original sources

arXiv2013

Kepler RR Lyrae stars: beyond period doubling

We examined the complete short cadence sample of Kepler RR Lyrae stars to further investigate the recently discovered dynamical effects such as period doubling and additional modes. Here we present the findings on four stars. V450 Lyr may be a non-classical double-mode RR Lyrae star pulsating in the fundamental mode and the second overtone. In three cases we observe the interaction of three different modes. Since the period ratios are close to resonant values, we observe quasi-repetiting patterns in the pulsation cycles in the stars. These findings support the mode-resonance explanations of the Blazhko effect.

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arXiv2013

Variability of M giant stars based on Kepler photometry: general characteristics

M giants are among the longest-period pulsating stars which is why their studies were traditionally restricted to analyses of low-precision visual observations, and more recently, accurate ground-based data. Here we present an overview of M giant variability on a wide range of time-scales (hours to years), based on analysis of thirteen quarters of Kepler long-cadence observations (one point per every 29.4 minutes), with a total time-span of over 1000 days. About two-thirds of the sample stars have been selected from the ASAS-North survey of the Kepler field, with the rest supplemented from a randomly chosen M giant control sample. We first describe the correction of the light curves from different quarters, which was found to be essential. We use Fourier analysis to calculate multiple frequencies for all stars in the sample. Over 50 stars show a relatively strong signal with a period equal to the Kepler-year and a characteristic phase dependence across the whole field-of-view. We interpret this as a so far unidentified systematic effect in the Kepler data. We discuss the presence of regular patterns in the distribution of multiple periodicities and amplitudes. In the period-amplitude plane we find that it is possible to distinguish between solar-like oscillations and larger amplitude pulsations which are characteristic for Mira/SR stars. This may indicate the region of the transition between two types of oscillations as we move upward along the giant branch.

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arXiv2013

Frequency Regularities in $δ$ Scuti Stars

Space missions have produced an incredibly large database on pulsating stars. The light curves via the frequency content contain a detailed description of each star. The critical point is the identification of modes, especially in the non-asymptotic regime. The best derived parameters from the frequency content of a pulsating star light curve are the frequency differences and ratios. This presentation focuses on the potential of period ratios in mode identification.

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arXiv2013

Periodicity search as a tool for disentangling the contaminated colour light curve of CoRoT 102781750

The star CoRoT102781750 reveals a puzzle, showing a very complex and altering variation in different `CoRoT colours'. We established without doubt that more than a single star was situated within the CoRoT mask. Using a search for periodicity as a tool, our aim is to disentangle the composite light curve and identify the type of sources behind the variability. Both flux and magnitude light curves were used. Conversion was applied after a jump- and trend-filtering algorithm. We applied different types of period-finding techniques including MuFrAn and Period04. The amplitude and phase peculiarities obtained from the independent analysis of CoRoT r, g, and b colours and ground-based follow-up photometric observations ruled out the possibility of either a background monoperiodic or a Blazhko type RR Lyrae star being in the mask. The main target, an active star, shows at least two spotted areas that reveal a $P_rot = 8.8$ hours $(f_0 = 2.735$ c d$^{-1})$ mean rotation period. The evolution of the active regions helped to derive a period change of $dP/dt = 1.6\cdot 10^{-6}$ (18 s over the run) and a differential rotation of $α= ΔΩ/Ω= 0.0074$. The $0\fm 015$ linear decrease and a local $0\fm 005$ increase in the dominant period's amplitude are interpreted as a decay of the old spotted region and an appearance of a new one, respectively. A star that is detected only in the CoRoT b domain shows a $f_1 = 7.172$ c d$^{-1}$ pulsation connected to a $14\fd 83$ periodicity via an equidistant triplet structure. The best explanation for our observation is a $β$ Cep star with a corotating dust disk.

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arXiv2013

Connections between Quasi-periodicity and Modulation in Pulsating Stars

The observations of the photometric space telescopes CoRoT and Kepler show numerous Blazhko RR Lyrae stars which have non-repetitive modulation cycles. The phenomenon can be explained by multi-periodic, stochastic or chaotic processes. From a mathematical point of view, almost periodic functions describe all of them. We assumed band-limited almost periodic functions either for the light curves of the main pulsation or for the modulation functions. The resulting light curves can generally be described analytically and it can also be examined by numerical simulations. This presentation is a part of our systematic study on the modulation of pulsating stars (Benko et al. 2009, 2011, 2012).

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arXiv2012

The complex case of V445 Lyr observed with Kepler: Two Blazhko modulations, a non-radial mode, possible triple mode RR Lyrae pulsation, and more

Rapid and strong changes in the Blazhko modulation of RR Lyrae stars, as they have recently been detected in high precision satellite data, have become a crucial topic in finding an explanation of the long-standing mystery of the Blazhko effect. We present here an analysis of the most extreme case detected so far, the RRab star V445 Lyr (KIC 6186029) which was observed with the Kepler space mission. V445 Lyr shows very strong cycle-to-cycle changes in its Blazhko modulation, which are caused both by a secondary long-term modulation period as well as irregular variations. In addition to the complex Blazhko modulation, V445 Lyr also shows a rich spectrum of additional peaks in the frequency range between the fundamental pulsation and the first harmonic. Among those peaks, the second radial overtone could be identified, which, combined with a metallicity estimate of [Fe/H]=-2.0 dex from spectroscopy, allowed to constrain the mass (0.55-0.65 M_sun) and luminosity (40-50 L_sun) of V445 Lyr through theoretical Petersen diagrams. A non-radial mode as well as possibly the first overtone are also excited. Furthermore, V445 Lyr shows signs of the period doubling phenomenon and a long term period change. A detailed Fourier analysis along with a study of the O-C variation of V445 Lyr is presented, and the origin of the additional peaks and possible causes of the changes in the Blazhko modulation are discussed. The results are then put into context with those of the only other star with a variable Blazhko effect for which a long enough set of high precision continuous satellite data has been published so far, the CoRoT star 105288363.

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arXiv2012

How to Correctly Stitch Together {\it Kepler} Data of a Blazhko Star

One of the most challenging difficulties that precedes the frequency analysis of {\it Kepler} data for a Blazhko star is stitching together the data from different seasons (quarters). We discuss the preliminary steps in the stitching, detrending and rescaling process using the data for long-term Blazhko stars. We present the process on {\it Kepler} data of a Blazhko star with a variable Blazhko cycle and some first results of our analysis.

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arXiv2011

Fundamental parameters of RR Lyrae stars from multicolour photometry and Kurucz atmospheric models -- II. Adaptation to double-mode stars

Our photometric-hydrodynamic method is generalized to determine fundamental parameters of multiperiodic radially pulsating stars. We report 302 UBV(RI)_C Johnson-Kron-Cousins observations of GSC 4868-0831. Using these and published photometric data of V372 Ser, their metallicity, reddening, distance, mass, radius, equilibrium luminosity, effective temperature are determined. The results underline the necessity of using multicolour photometry including an ultraviolet band to classify properly subgroups of RR Lyrae stars: our U observations could reveal that GSC 4868-0831 is a subgiant star pulsating in two radial modes, V372 Ser is a giant star with size and mass of an RRd star.

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arXiv2011

Blazhko RR Lyrae light curves as modulated signals

We present an analytical formalism for the description of Blazhko RR Lyrae light curves in which employ a treatment for the amplitude and frequency modulations in a manner similar to the theory of electronic signal transmitting. We assume monoperiodic RR Lyrae light curves as carrier waves and modulate their amplitude (AM), frequency (FM), phase (PM), and as a general case we discuss simultaneous AM and FM. The main advantages of this handling are the following: (i) The mathematical formalism naturally explains numerous light curve characteristics found in Blazhko RR Lyrae stars such as mean brightness variations, complicated envelope curves, non-sinusoidal frequency variations. (ii) Our description also explains properties of the Fourier spectra such as apparent higher-order multiplets, amplitude distribution of the side peaks, the appearance of the modulation frequency itself and its harmonics. In addition, comparing to the traditional method, our light curve solutions reduce the number of necessary parameters. This formalism can be applied to any type of modulated light curves, not just for Blazhko RR Lyrae stars.

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arXiv2011

The CoRoT star 105288363: strong cycle to cycle changes of the Blazhko modulation

We present the analysis of the CoRoT star 105288363, a new Blazhko RR Lyrae star of type RRab (f0 = 1.7623 c/d), observed with the CoRoT space craft during the second long run in direction of the galactic center (LRc02, time base 145 d). The CoRoT data are characterized by an excellent time sampling and a low noise amplitude of 0.07 mmag in the 2-12 c/d range and allow us to study not only the fine details of the variability of the star but also long-term changes in the pulsation behaviour and the stability of the Blazhko cycle. We use, among other methods, standard Fourier analysis techniques and O-C diagrams to investigate the pulsational behavior of the Blazhko star 105288363. In addition to the frequency pattern expected for a Blazhko RR Lyrae star, we find an independent mode (f1 = 2.984 c/d) showing a f0/f1 ratio of 0.59 which is similar to that observed in other Blazhko RR Lyrae stars. The bump and hump phenomena are also analysed, with their variations over the Blazhko cycle. We carefully investigated the strong cycle-to-cycle changes in the Blazhko modulation (PB = 35.6 d), which seem to happen independently and partly diametrically in the amplitude and the phase modulation. Furthermore, the phasing between the two types of modulation is found to change during the course of the observations.

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arXiv2011

Cepheid investigations using the Kepler space telescope

We report results of initial work done on selected candidate Cepheids to be observed with the Kepler space telescope. Prior to the launch 40 candidates were selected from previous surveys and databases. The analysis of the first 322 days of Kepler photometry, and recent ground-based follow-up multicolour photometry and spectroscopy allowed us to confirm that one of these stars, V1154 Cyg (KIC 7548061), is indeed a 4.9-d Cepheid. Using the phase lag method we show that this star pulsates in the fundamental mode. New radial velocity data are consistent with previous measurements, suggesting that a long-period binary component is unlikely. No evidence is seen in the ultra-precise, nearly uninterrupted Kepler photometry for nonradial or stochastically excited modes at the micromagnitude level. The other candidates are not Cepheids but an interesting mix of possible spotted stars, eclipsing systems and flare stars.

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arXiv2010

Kepler photometry of the prototypical Blazhko star RR Lyr: An old friend seen in a new light

We present our analysis of the long cadence Kepler data for the well-studied Blazhko star RR Lyr, gathered during the first two quarters of the satellite's observations and covering a total of 127d. Besides being of great importance for our understanding of RR Lyrae stars in general, these RR Lyr data can be regarded as a case study for observations of bright stars with Kepler. Kepler can perform high-precision photometry on targets like RR Lyr, as the saturated flux is conserved to a very high degree. The Kepler data on RR Lyr are revolutionary in several respects. Even with long-cadence sampling (one measurement per 29.4 min), the unprecedented precision (< mmag) of the Kepler photometry allows the study of the star's extreme light curve variations in detail. The multiplet structures at the main frequency and its harmonics, typical for Blazhko stars, are clearly detected up to the quintuplets. For the first time, photometric data of RR Lyr reveal the presence of half-integer frequencies, linked to a period doubling effect. This phenomenon may be connected to the still unexplained Blazhko modulation. Moreover, with three observed Blazhko cycles at our disposal, we observe that there is no exact repetition in the light curve changes from one modulation cycle to the next for RR Lyr. This may be due to additional periodicities in the star, or to transient or quasi-periodic changes.

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arXiv2010

HAT-P-13: a multi-site campaign to detect the transit of the second planet in the system

A possible transit of HAT-P-13c has been predicted to occur on 2010 April 28. Here we report on the results of a multi-site campaign that has been organised to detect the event. CCD photometric observations have been carried out at five observatories in five countries. We reached 30% time coverage in a 5 days interval centered on the suspected transit of HAT-P-13c. Two transits of HAT-P-13b were also observed. No transit of HAT-P-13c has been detected while the campaign was on. By a numerical experiment with 10^5 model systems we conclude that HAT-P-13c is not a transiting exoplanet with a significance level from 65% to 72%, depending on the planet parameters and the prior assumptions. We present two times of transit of HAT-P-13b ocurring at BJD 2455141.5522 +- 0.0010 and BJD 2455249.4508 +- 0.0020. The TTV of HAT-P-13b is consistent with zero within 0.001 days. The refined orbital period of HAT-P-13b is 2.916293 +- 0.000010 days.

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arXiv2010

Flavours of variability: 29 RR Lyrae stars observed with Kepler

We present our analysis of Kepler observations of 29 RR Lyrae stars, based on 138-d of observation. We report precise pulsation periods for all stars. Nine of these stars had incorrect or unknown periods in the literature. Fourteen of the stars exhibit both amplitude and phase Blazhko modulations, with Blazhko periods ranging from 27.7 to more than 200 days. For V445 Lyr, a longer secondary variation is also observed in addition to its 53.2-d Blazhko period. The unprecedented precision of the Kepler photometry has led to the discovery of the the smallest modulations detected so far. Moreover, additional frequencies beyond the well-known harmonics and Blazhko multiplets have been found. These frequencies are located around the half-integer multiples of the main pulsation frequency for at least three stars. In four stars, these frequencies are close to the first and/or second overtone modes. The amplitudes of these periodicities seem to vary over the Blazhko cycle. V350 Lyr, a non-Blazhko star in our sample, is the first example of a double mode RR Lyrae star that pulsates in its fundamental and second overtone modes.

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