arXiv subjects

J. Olsen

Publications and source records attributed to J. Olsen.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources

arXiv2025

Beam-Gas Interactions in the CERN Proton Synchrotron: Cross Section Measurements and Lifetime Modelling

The acceleration of high-intensity lead (Pb) beams for injection into the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) is limited by significant losses in the preceding CERN ion injector chain. A potential but largely uncharted source of losses are charge-changing beam interactions such as electron loss or capture with residual gas molecules. These effects potentially impede future ion candidate species requested by the LHC and the CERN fixed-target experiments. To predict the cross sections of charge-changing processes and the corresponding ion beam lifetimes, we present a numerical implementation combining semi-empirical electron capture and loss formulae from previous studies. We verify this numerical model with an experimental PS benchmarking campaign, measuring various beam projectile lifetimes during interactions with two in-ring gas targets (argon, helium). The target pressure profiles are reconstructed in detail from gauge measurements and vacuum simulations. At higher injected gas pressures, where beam-gas interactions dominate, measured lifetime trends and derived cross sections converge with model predictions within reported semi-empirical uncertainties, validating the package for predicting impacts on current and future ion species.

physics.acc-ph↗

arXiv2023

An FPGA-based readout chip emulator for the CMS ETL detector upgrade

We present an FPGA-based readout chip emulator board for the CMS Endcap Timing Layer (ETL) detector upgrade. The emulator board uses an Intel Cyclone 10 GX FPGA to emulate the digital functions of four Endcap Layer Readout Chips (ETROCs). Based on the actual ETROC design, the firmware is implemented and verified. The emulator board is being used for the ETROC digital design verification and system development.

physics.ins-det↗

arXiv2021

In-pixel automatic threshold calibration for the CMS Endcap Timing Layer readout chip

We present the implementation and verification of an in-pixel automatic threshold calibration circuit for the CMS Endcap Timing Layer (ETL) in the High-Luminosity LHC upgrade. The discriminator threshold of the ETL readout chip (ETROC) needs to be calibrated regularly to mitigate the circuit baseline change. Traditional methods need a lot of communication through a slow control system hence are time-consuming. This paper describes an in-pixel automatic scheme with improvements in operating time and usability. In this scheme, a sample-accumulation circuit is used to measure the average discriminator output. A binary successive approximation and linear combination scan are applied to find the equivalent baseline. The actual calibration procedure has been first implemented in FPGA firmware and tested with the ETROC front-end prototype chip (ETROC0). The calibration circuit has been implemented with Triple Modular Redundancy (TMR) and verified with Single Event Effects (SEEs) simulation. A complete calibration process lasts 35 ms with a 40 MHz clock. In the worst case, the dynamic and static power consumption are estimated to be 300 uW and 10.4 uW, respectively. The circuit design, implemented in a 65 CMOS technology, will be integrated into ETROC2, the next iteration of the ETROC with a 16x16 pixel matrix.

physics.ins-det↗

arXiv2021

Characterization of the CMS Endcap Timing Layer readout chip prototype with charge injection

We present the characterization of a readout Application-Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC) for the CMS Endcap Timing Layer (ETL) of the High-Luminosity LHC upgrade with charge injection. The ASIC, named ETROC and developed in a 65 nm CMOS technology, reads out a 16x16 pixel matrix of the Low-Gain Avalanche Detector (LGAD). The jitter contribution from ETROC is required to be below 40 ps to achieve the 50 ps overall time resolution per hit. The analog readout circuits in ETROC consist of the preamplifier and the discriminator. The preamplifier handles the LGAD charge signal with the most probable value of around 15 fC. The discriminator generates the digital pulse, which provides the Time-Of-Arrival (TOA, leading edge) and Time-Over-Threshold (TOT, pulse width) information. The prototype of ETROC (ETROC0) that implements a single channel of analog readout circuits has been evaluated with charge injection. The jitter of the analog readout circuits, measured from the discriminator's leading edge, is better than 16 ps for a charge larger than 15 fC with the sensor capacitance. The time walk resulting from different pulse heights can be corrected using the TOT measurement. The time resolution distribution has a standard deviation of 29 ps after the time-walk correction from the charge injection. At room temperature, the preamplifier's power consumption is measured to be 0.74 mW and 1.53 mW per pixel in the low- and high-power mode, respectively. The measured power consumption of the discriminator is 0.84 mW per pixel. With the ASIC alone or the LGAD sensor, The characterization performances fulfill the ETL's challenging requirements.

physics.ins-det↗

arXiv2020

Intra-bunch feedback system developments at DAFNE

This paper presents history and evolution of the intra-bunch feedback system for circular accelerators. This pro-ject has been presented by John D. Fox (SLAC/Stanford Un.) at the IPAC2010 held in Kyoto. The idea of the pro-posal is to build a flexible and powerful instrument to mit-igate the parasitic e-cloud effects on the proton (and poten-tially positron) beams in storage rings. Being a new and ambitious project, the financial issues have been quite im-portant. US LHC Accelerator Research Program (LARP) and other institution funding sources have assured the de-velopment of the design for implementing the feedback in the SPS ring at CERN. Here the intra-bunch feedback sys-tem has been installed and tested in the frame of the LIU (LHC Injector Upgrade) program. After the end of the LARP funding, a possible new inter-esting chance to continue the R&D activity, could be by implementing the system in a lepton storage ring affected by e-cloud effects. For achieving this goal, a possible ex-periment could be carried out in the positron ring of DAFNE at Frascati, Italy. The feasibility of the proposal is evaluated in the following sections. In case of approval of the experiment, indeed the project could be inserted in the DAFNE-TF (DAFNE Test Facility) program that is fore-seen after the 2020 for the following 3-5 years.

physics.acc-ph↗

arXiv2019

SLAC UED LLRF System Upgrade

The SLAC mega-electron-volt (MeV) ultrafast electron diffraction (UED) instrument is a powerful "electron camera" for the study of time-resolved, ultrafast atomic & molecular dynamics in chemical and solid-state systems. The UED laser timing synchronization is upgraded to SLAC (Advanced Telecommunications Computing Architecture) ATCA based femtosecond laser timing synchronization system. UED radio frequency (RF) gun cavity low level RF (LLRF) control is also being upgraded to SLAC ATCA based LLRF system to provide improved performance and maintainability. The new laser timing synchronization and LLRF control are implemented in one ATCA crate located in the laser room. A 2nd ATCA crate is set up to monitor the Klystron and sub-booster performance. With the ATCA based RF control system, the laser timing jitter has achieved 10 fs. The UED operation beam rate is being upgraded from 180 Hz to 360 Hz, which paves the way for a further upgrade of operation beam rate to 1 kHz in the future. In this paper, we present design details and characterization results of the implementation.

physics.acc-ph↗

arXiv2015

On the current solar magnetic activity in the light of its behaviour during the Holocene

Solar modulation potential (SMP) reconstructions based on cosmogenic nuclide records reflect changes in the open solar magnetic field and can therefore help us obtain information on the behaviour of the open solar magnetic field over the Holocene period. We aim at comparing the Sun's large-scale magnetic field behaviour over the last three solar cycles with variations in the SMP reconstruction through the Holocene epoch. To achieve these objectives, we use the IntCal13 $^{14}$C data to investigate distinct patterns in the occurrences of grand minima and maxima during the Holocene period. We then check whether these patterns might mimic the recent solar magnetic activity by investigating the evolution of the energy in the Sun's large-scale dipolar magnetic field using the Wilcox Solar Observatory data. The cosmogenic radionuclide data analysis shows that $\sim$71\% of grand maxima during the period from 6600 BC to 1650 AD were followed by a grand minimum. The occurrence characteristics of grand maxima and minima are consistent with the scenario in which the dynamical non-linearity induced by the Lorentz force leads the Sun to act as a relaxation oscillator. This finding implies that the probability for these events to occur is non-uniformly distributed in time, as there is a memory in their driving mechanism, which can be identified via the back reaction of the Lorentz force.

astro-ph.SR↗

arXiv2015

The Dark Energy Camera

The Dark Energy Camera is a new imager with a 2.2-degree diameter field of view mounted at the prime focus of the Victor M. Blanco 4-meter telescope on Cerro Tololo near La Serena, Chile. The camera was designed and constructed by the Dark Energy Survey Collaboration, and meets or exceeds the stringent requirements designed for the wide-field and supernova surveys for which the collaboration uses it. The camera consists of a five element optical corrector, seven filters, a shutter with a 60 cm aperture, and a CCD focal plane of 250 micron thick fully-depleted CCDs cooled inside a vacuum Dewar. The 570 Mpixel focal plane comprises 62 2kx4k CCDs for imaging and 12 2kx2k CCDs for guiding and focus. The CCDs have 15 microns x15 microns pixels with a plate scale of 0.263 arc sec per pixel. A hexapod system provides state-of-the-art focus and alignment capability. The camera is read out in 20 seconds with 6-9 electrons readout noise. This paper provides a technical description of the camera's engineering, construction, installation, and current status.

astro-ph.IM↗

arXiv2015

The lost sunspot cycle: New support from Be10 measurements

It has been suggested that the deficit in the number of spots on the surface of the Sun between 1790 and 1830, known as the Dalton minimum, contained an extra cycle that was not identified in the original sunspot record by Wolf. Though this cycle would be shorter and weaker than the average solar cycle, it would shift the magnetic parity of the solar magnetic field of the earlier cycles. This extra cycle is sometimes referred to as the 'lost solar cycle' or 'cycle 4b'. Here we reanalyse Be10 measurements with annual resolution from the NGRIP ice core in Greenland in order to investigate if the hypothesis regarding a lost sunspot cycle is supported by these measurements. Specifically, we make use of the fact that the Galactic cosmic rays, responsible for forming Be10 in the Earth's atmosphere, are affected differently by the open solar magnetic field during even and odd solar cycles. This fact enables us to evaluate if the numbering of cycles earlier than cycle 5 is correct. For the evaluation, we use Bayesian analysis, which reveals that the lost sunspot cycle hypothesis is likely to be correct. We also discuss if this cycle 4b is a real cycle, or a phase catastrophe, and what implications this has for our understanding of stellar activity cycles in general.

astro-ph.SR↗

arXiv2014

Measurement of Muon Antineutrino Quasi-Elastic Scattering on a Hydrocarbon Target at E_ν ~ 3.5 GeV

We have isolated muon anti-neutrino charged-current quasi-elastic interactions occurring in the segmented scintillator tracking region of the MINERvA detector running in the NuMI neutrino beam at Fermilab. We measure the flux-averaged differential cross-section, dσ/dQ^2, and compare to several theoretical models of quasi-elastic scattering. Good agreement is obtained with a model where the nucleon axial mass, M_A, is set to 0.99 GeV/c^2 but the nucleon vector form factors are modified to account for the observed enhancement, relative to the free nucleon case, of the cross-section for the exchange of transversely polarized photons in electron-nucleus scattering. Our data at higher Q^2 favor this interpretation over an alternative in which the axial mass is increased.

hep-ex↗

arXiv2014

Measurement of Muon Neutrino Quasi-Elastic Scattering on a Hydrocarbon Target at E_ν ~ 3.5 GeV

We report a study of muon neutrino charged-current quasi-elastic events in the segmented scintillator inner tracker of the MINERvA experiment running in the NuMI neutrino beam at Fermilab. The events were selected by requiring a μ^- and low calorimetric recoil energy separated from the interaction vertex. We measure the flux-averaged differential cross-section, dσ/dQ^2, and study the low energy particle content of the final state. Deviations are found between the measured dσ/dQ^2 and the expectations of a model of independent nucleons in a relativistic Fermi gas. We also observe an excess of energy near the vertex consistent with multiple protons in the final state.

hep-ex↗

arXiv2014

Higgs Working Group Report of the Snowmass 2013 Community Planning Study

This report summarizes the work of the Energy Frontier Higgs Boson working group of the 2013 Community Summer Study (Snowmass). We identify the key elements of a precision Higgs physics program and document the physics potential of future experimental facilities as elucidated during the Snowmass study. We study Higgs couplings to gauge boson and fermion pairs, double Higgs production for the Higgs self-coupling, its quantum numbers and $CP$-mixing in Higgs couplings, the Higgs mass and total width, and prospects for direct searches for additional Higgs bosons in extensions of the Standard Model. Our report includes projections of measurement capabilities from detailed studies of the Compact Linear Collider (CLIC), a Gamma-Gamma Collider, the International Linear Collider (ILC), the Large Hadron Collider High-Luminosity Upgrade (HL-LHC), Very Large Hadron Colliders up to 100 TeV (VLHC), a Muon Collider, and a Triple-Large Electron Positron Collider (TLEP).

hep-ex↗

arXiv2013

Report of the Quark Flavor Physics Working Group

This report represents the response of the Intensity Frontier Quark Flavor Physics Working Group to the Snowmass charge. We summarize the current status of quark flavor physics and identify many exciting future opportunities for studying the properties of strange, charm, and bottom quarks. The ability of these studies to reveal the effects of new physics at high mass scales make them an essential ingredient in a well-balanced experimental particle physics program.

hep-ex↗

arXiv2013

Handbook of LHC Higgs Cross Sections: 3. Higgs Properties

This Report summarizes the results of the activities in 2012 and the first half of 2013 of the LHC Higgs Cross Section Working Group. The main goal of the working group was to present the state of the art of Higgs Physics at the LHC, integrating all new results that have appeared in the last few years. This report follows the first working group report Handbook of LHC Higgs Cross Sections: 1. Inclusive Observables (CERN-2011-002) and the second working group report Handbook of LHC Higgs Cross Sections: 2. Differential Distributions (CERN-2012-002). After the discovery of a Higgs boson at the LHC in mid-2012 this report focuses on refined prediction of Standard Model (SM) Higgs phenomenology around the experimentally observed value of 125-126 GeV, refined predictions for heavy SM-like Higgs bosons as well as predictions in the Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model and first steps to go beyond these models. The other main focus is on the extraction of the characteristics and properties of the newly discovered particle such as couplings to SM particles, spin and CP-quantum numbers etc.

hep-ph↗

arXiv2013

Design, Calibration, and Performance of the MINERvA Detector

The MINERvA experiment is designed to perform precision studies of neutrino-nucleus scattering using $ν_μ$ and ${\barν}_μ$ neutrinos incident at 1-20 GeV in the NuMI beam at Fermilab. This article presents a detailed description of the \minerva detector and describes the {\em ex situ} and {\em in situ} techniques employed to characterize the detector and monitor its performance. The detector is comprised of a finely-segmented scintillator-based inner tracking region surrounded by electromagnetic and hadronic sampling calorimetry. The upstream portion of the detector includes planes of graphite, iron and lead interleaved between tracking planes to facilitate the study of nuclear effects in neutrino interactions. Observations concerning the detector response over sustained periods of running are reported. The detector design and methods of operation have relevance to future neutrino experiments in which segmented scintillator tracking is utilized.

physics.ins-det↗

arXiv2012

The MINER$ν$A Data Acquisition System and Infrastructure

MINER$ν$A (Main INjector ExpeRiment $ν$-A) is a new few-GeV neutrino cross section experiment that began taking data in the FNAL NuMI (Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory Neutrinos at the Main Injector) beam-line in March of 2010. MINER$ν$A employs a fine-grained scintillator detector capable of complete kinematic characterization of neutrino interactions. This paper describes the MINER$ν$A data acquisition system (DAQ) including the read-out electronics, software, and computing architecture.

physics.ins-det↗

arXiv2012

Handbook of LHC Higgs Cross Sections: 2. Differential Distributions

This Report summarises the results of the second year's activities of the LHC Higgs Cross Section Working Group. The main goal of the working group was to present the state of the art of Higgs Physics at the LHC, integrating all new results that have appeared in the last few years. The first working group report Handbook of LHC Higgs Cross Sections: 1. Inclusive Observables (CERN-2011-002) focuses on predictions (central values and errors) for total Higgs production cross sections and Higgs branching ratios in the Standard Model and its minimal supersymmetric extension, covering also related issues such as Monte Carlo generators, parton distribution functions, and pseudo-observables. This second Report represents the next natural step towards realistic predictions upon providing results on cross sections with benchmark cuts, differential distributions, details of specific decay channels, and further recent developments.

hep-ph↗

arXiv2011

Handbook of LHC Higgs Cross Sections: 1. Inclusive Observables

This Report summarizes the results of the first 10 months' activities of the LHC Higgs Cross Sections Working Group. The main goal of the working group was to present the status-of-art on Higgs Physics at the LHC integrating all new results that have appeared in the last few years. The Report is more than a mere collection of the proceedings of the general meetings. The subgroups have been working in different directions. An attempt has been made to present the first Report from these subgroups in a complete and homogeneous form. The subgroups' contributions correspondingly comprise the main parts of the Report. A significant amount of work has been performed in providing higher-order corrections to the Higgs-boson cross sections and pinning down the theoretical uncertainty of the Standard Model predictions. This Report comprises explicit numerical results on total cross sections, leaving the issues of event selection cuts and differential distributions to future publications. The subjects for further study are identified.

hep-ph↗