arXiv subjects

J. S. Deng

Publications and source records attributed to J. S. Deng.

18 recordsLinked to original sources

arXiv2026

The SVOM mission, its profile and its system

The SVOM (Space-based Variable Objects Monitor) mission, launched into low Earth orbit on 22 June 2024, is a French-Chinese multi-wavelength observatory dedicated to the study of the transient sky. Inspired by the Neil Gehrels Swift Observatory, it consists of an autonomous rapid-slewing satellite, linked in real time to several ground-based telescopes. The space segment comprises two X-ray/gamma-ray wide-field instruments (ECLAIRs and GRM) with real-time triggering capabilities combined with two narrow-field telescopes in X-ray (MXT) and in visible (VT). In addition, the SVOM collaboration has also developed a unique visible and NIR ground-based follow-up system to promptly respond to the gamma-ray transients detected on board. The core program of SVOM will provide new insights into the Gamma-Ray Burst physics by providing a homogeneous dataset covering both the prompt and afterglow emissions, as well as better studying the low luminosity and soft Gamma-Ray Burst populations. As a versatile satellite platform with fast slewing capabilities, SVOM also comprises a Target of Opportunity program and a General Program consisting in pointed observations scheduled over the year that will both significantly contribute to the multi-messenger and time-domain astronomy.

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arXiv2025

SVOM GRB 250314A at z $\simeq$ 7.3: an exploding star in the era of reionization

Most long Gamma-ray bursts originate from a rare type of massive stellar explosion. Their afterglows, while rapidly fading, can be initially extremely luminous at optical/near-infrared wavelengths, making them detectable at large cosmological distances. Here we report the detection and observations of GRB 250314A by the SVOM satellite and the subsequent follow-up campaign with the near-infrared afterglow discovery and the spectroscopic measurements of its redshift z $\simeq$ 7.3 . This burst happened when the Universe was only $\sim$ 5% of its current age. We discuss the signature of these rare events within the context of the SVOM operating model, and the ways to optimize their identification with adapted ground follow-up observation strategies.

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arXiv2022

Flaring-associated Complex Dynamics in Two M-dwarfs Revealed by Fast, Time-resolved Spectroscopy

Habitability of an exoplanet is believed to be profoundly affected by activities of the host stars, although the related coronal mass ejections (CMEs) are still rarely detected in solar-like and late-type stars. We here report an observational study on flares of two M-dwarfs triggered by the high-cadence survey performed by the Ground Wide-angle Camera system. In both events, the fast, time-resolved spectroscopy enables us to identify symmetric broad H$α$ emission with not only a nearly zero bulk velocity, but also a large projected maximum velocity as high as $\sim700-800\ \mathrm{km\ s^{-1}}$. This broadening could be resulted from either Stark (pressure) effect or a flaring-associated CME at stellar limb. In the context of the CME scenario, the CME mass is estimated to be $\sim4\times10^{18}$ g and $2\times10^{19}$ g. In addition, our spectral analysis reveals a temporal variation of the line center of the narrow H$α$ emission in both events. The variation amplitudes are at tens of $\mathrm{km\ s^{-1}}$, which could be ascribed to the chromospheric evaporation in one event, and to a binary scenario in the other one. With the total flaring energy determined from our photometric monitor, we show a reinforced trend in which larger the flaring energy, higher the CME mass is.

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arXiv2021

Constrains on optical emission of FAST-detected FRB 20181130B with GWAC synchronized observations

Multi-wavelength simultaneous observations are essential to the constraints on the origin of fast radio bursts (FRBs). However, it is a significant observational challenge due to the nature of FRBs as transients with a radio millisecond duration, which occur randomly in the sky regardless of time and position. Here, we report the search for short-time fast optical bursts in the GWAC archived data associated with FRB 20181130B, which were detected by the Five Hundred Meter Spherical Radio Telescope (FAST) and recently reported. No new credible sources were detected in all single GWAC images with an exposure time of 10 s, including image with coverage of the expected arrival time in optical wavelength by taking the high dispersion measurements into account. Our results provide a limiting magnitude of 15.43$\pm0.04$ mag in R band, corresponding to a flux density of 1.66 Jy or 8.35 mag in AB system by assuming that the duration of the optical band is similar to that of the radio band of about 10 ms. This limiting magnitude makes the spectral index of $α<0.367$ from optical to radio wavelength. The possible existence of longer duration optical emission was also investigated with an upper limits of 0.33 Jy (10.10 mag), 1.74 mJy (15.80 mag) and 0.16 mJy (18.39 mag) for the duration of 50 ms, 10 s and 6060 s, respectively. This undetected scenario could be partially attributed to the shallow detection capability, as well as the high inferred distance of FRB 20181130B and the low fluence in radio wavelength. The future detectability of optical flashes associated with nearby and bright FRBs are also discussed in this paper.

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arXiv2020

A $ΔR\sim 9.5$ mag Super Flare of An Ultracool Star Detected by $\text{SVOM/GWAC}$ System

In this paper, we report the detection and follow-ups of a super stellar flare GWAC\,181229A with an amplitude of $ΔR\sim$9.5 mag on a M9 type star by $\text{SVOM/GWAC}$ and the dedicated follow-up telescopes. The estimated bolometric energy $E_{bol}$ is $(5.56-9.25)\times10^{34}$ ergs, which places the event to be one of the most powerful flares on ultracool stars. The magnetic strength is inferred to be (3.6-4.7) kG. Thanks to the sampling with a cadence of 15 seconds, a new component near the peak time with a very steep decay is detected in the $R$-band light curve, followed by the two-component flare template given by Davenport et al. (2014). An effective temperature of $5340\pm40$ K is measured by a blackbody shape fitting to the spectrum at the shallower phase during the flare. The filling factors of the flare are estimated to be $\sim$30\% and 19\% at the peak time and at 54 min after the first detection. The detection of the particular event with large amplitude, huge-emitted energy and a new component demonstrates that a high cadence sky monitoring cooperating with fast follow-up observations is very essential for understanding the violent magnetic activity.

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arXiv2019

The mini-GWAC optical follow-up of the gravitational wave alerts: results from the O2 campaign and prospects for the upcoming O3 run

The second observational campaign of gravitational waves organized by the LIGO/Virgo Collaborations has led to several breakthroughs such as the detection of gravitational wave signals from merger systems involving black holes or neutrons stars. During O2,14 gravitational wave alerts were sent to the astronomical community with sky regions covering mostly over hundreds of square degrees. Among them, 6 have been finally confirmed as real astrophysical events. Since 2013, a new set of ground-based robotic telescopes called GWAC and its pathfinder mini-GWAC have been developed to contribute to the various challenges of themulti-messenger and time domain astronomy. The GWAC system is built up in the framework of the ground-segment system of the SVOM mission that will be devoted to the study of the multi-wavelength transient sky in the next decade. During O2, only the mini-GWAC telescopenetwork was fully operational. Due to the wide field of view and fast automatic follow-up capabilities of the mini-GWAC telescopes, they were well adapted to efficiently cover the sky localization areas of the gravitational wave event candidates. In this paper, we present the mini-GWAC pipeline we have set up to respond to the GW alerts and we report our optical follow-up observations of 8 GW alerts detected during the O2 run. Our observations provided the largest coverage of the GW localization areas in a short latency made by any optical facility. We found tens of optical transient candidates in our images, but none of those could be securely associated with any confirmed black hole-black hole merger event. Based on this first experience and the near future technical improvements of our network system, we will be more competitive to detect the optical counterparts from some gravitational wave events that will be detected during the upcoming O3 run, especially those emerging from binary neutron star mergers.

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arXiv2019

Broad-lined type Ic supernova iPTF16asu: A challenge to all popular models

It is well-known that ordinary supernovae (SNe) are powered by 56Ni cascade decay. Broad-lined type Ic SNe (SNe Ic-BL) are a subclass of SNe that are not all exclusively powered by 56Ni decay. It was suggested that some SNe Ic-BL are powered by magnetar spin-down. iPTF16asu is a peculiar broad-lined type Ic supernova discovered by the intermediate Palomar Transient Factory. With a rest-frame rise time of only 4 days, iPTF16asu challenges the existing popular models, for example, the radioactive heating (56Ni-only) and the magnetar+56Ni models. Here we show that this rapid rise could be attributed to interaction between the SN ejecta and a pre-existing circumstellar medium ejected by the progenitor during its final stages of evolution, while the late-time light curve can be better explained by energy input from a rapidly spinning magnetar. This model is a natural extension to the previous magnetar model. The mass-loss rate of the progenitor and ejecta mass are consistent with a progenitor that experienced a common envelope evolution in a binary. An alternative model for the early rapid rise of the light curve is the cooling of a shock propagating into an extended envelope of the progenitor. It is difficult at this stage to tell which model (interaction+magnetar+56Ni or cooling+magnetar+56Ni) is better for iPTF16asu. However, it is worth noting that the inferred envelope mass in the cooling+magnetar+56Ni is very high.

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arXiv2018

Spectroscopy of the Type Ic Supernova SN\,2017iuk Associated with Low-redshift GRB\,171205A

We here report a spectroscopic monitor for the supernova SN\,2017iuk associated with the long-duration low-luminosity gamma-ray burst GRB\,171205A at a redshift of 0.037, which is up to now the third GRB-SN event away from us. Our spectroscopic observations and spectral analysis allow us to identify SN\,2017iuk as a typical broad-line type Ic SN. A comparison study suggests that the type-IcBL SN\,2017iuk resembles to SN\,2006aj in following aspects: 1) similar spectra at the nearby epochs, 2) comparable evolution of the photospheric velocity obtained from the measurements based on both \ion{Si}{2}$λ$6355 line and spectral modeling, and 3) comparable explosion parameters. This analogy could imply a formation of a neutron star in the core-collapse of GRB\,171205A/SN\,2017iuk as previously suggested in GRB\,060218/SN\,2006aj. The properties of the host galaxy is discussed, which suggests that GRB\,171205A/SN\,2017iuk occurred in an early type (S0), high-mass, starforming galaxy with low specific SFR and solar metallicity.

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arXiv2017

A Monte Carlo approach to magnetar-powered transients: II. Broad-lined type Ic supernovae not associated with GRBs

Broad-lined type Ic supernovae (SNe Ic-BL) are a subclass of rare core collapse SNe whose energy source is debated in the literature. Recently a series of investigations on SNe Ic-BL with the magnetar (plus 56Ni) model were carried out. Evidence for magnetar formation was found for the well-observed SNe Ic-BL 1998bw and 2002ap. In this paper we systematically study a large sample of SNe Ic-BL not associated with gamma-ray bursts. We use photospheric velocity data determined in a homogeneous way. We find that the magnetar+56Ni model provides a good description of the light curves and velocity evolution of our sample of SNe Ic-BL, although some SNe (not all) can also be described by the pure-magnetar model or by the two-component pure-56Ni model (3 out of 12 are unlikely explained by two-component model). In the magnetar+56Ni model, the amount of 56Ni required to explain their luminosity is significantly reduced, and the derived initial explosion energy is, in general, in accordance with neutrino heating. Some correlations between different physical parameters are evaluated and their implications regarding magnetic field amplification and the total energy reservoir are discussed.

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arXiv2015

18-Months Operation of Lunar-based Ultraviolet Telescope: A Highly Stable Photometric Performance

We here report the photometric performance of Lunar-based Ultraviolet telescope (LUT), the first robotic telescope working on the Moon, for its 18-months operation. In total, 17 IUE standards have been observed in 51 runs until June 2015, which returns a highly stable photometric performance during the past 18 months (i.e., no evolution of photometric performance with time). The magnitude zero point is determined to be $17.53\pm0.05$ mag, which is not only highly consistent with the results based on its first 6-months operation, but also independent on the spectral type of the standard from which the magnitude zero point is determined. The implications of this stable performance is discussed, and is useful for next generation lunar-based astronomical observations.

astro-ph.IM↗

arXiv2015

An Unprecedented Constraint on Water Content in the Sunlit Lunar Exosphere Seen by Lunar-Based Ultraviolet Telescope of Chang'e-3 Mission

The content of $\mathrm{OH/H_2O}$ molecules in the tenuous exosphere of the Moon is still an open issue at present. We here report an unprecedented upper limit of the content of the OH radicals, which is obtained from the in-situ measurements carried out \rm by the Lunar-based Ultraviolet Telescope, a payload of Chinese Chang'e-3 mission. By analyzing the diffuse background in the images taken by the telescope, the column density and surface concentration of the OH radicals are inferred to be $<10^{11}\ \mathrm{cm^{-2}}$ and $<10^{4}\ \mathrm{cm^{-3}}$ (by assuming a hydrostatic equilibrium with a scale height of 100km), respectively, by assuming that the recorded background is fully contributed by their resonance fluorescence emission. The resulted concentration is lower than the previously reported value by about two orders of magnitude, and is close to the prediction of the sputtering model. In addition, the same measurements and method allow us to derive a surface concentration of $<10^{2}\ \mathrm{cm^{-3}}$ for the neutral magnesium, which is lower than the previously reported upper limit by about two orders of magnitude. These results are the best known of the OH (MgI) content in the lunar exosphere to date.

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arXiv2014

Photometric Calibration on Lunar-based Ultraviolet Telescope for Its First Six Months of Operation on Lunar Surface

We reported the photometric calibration of Lunar-based Ultraviolet telescope (LUT), the first robotic astronomical telescope working on the lunar surface, for its first six months of operation on the lunar surface. Two spectral datasets (set A and B) from near-ultraviolet (NUV) to optical band were constructed for 44 International Ultraviolet Explorer (IUE) standards, because of the LUT's relatively wide wavelength coverage. Set A were obtained by extrapolating the IUE NUV spectra ($λ<3200Å$) to optical band basing upon the theoretical spectra of stellar atmosphere models. Set B were exactly the theoretical spectra from 2000Å to 8000Å extracted from the same model grid. In total, seven standards have been observed in 15 observational runs until May 2014. The calibration results show that the photometric performance of LUT is highly stable in its first six months of operation. The magnitude zero points obtained from the two spectral datasets are also consistent with each other, i.e., $\mathrm{zp=17.54\pm0.09}$mag (set A) and $\mathrm{zp=17.52\pm0.07}$mag (set B).

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arXiv2012

The shallow-decay phase in both optical and x-ray afterglows of Swift GRB 090529A: Energy injection into a wind-type medium?

The energy injection model is usually proposed to interpret the shallow-decay phase in Swift GRB X-ray afterglows. However, very few GRBs have simultaneous signatures of energy injection in their optical and X-ray afterglows. Here, we report optical observations of GRB 090529A from 2000 sec to $\sim10^6$ sec after the burst, in which an achromatic decay is seen at both wavelengths. The optical light curve shows a decay from 0.37 to 0.99 with a break at $\sim10^5$ sec. In the same time interval, the decay indices of the X-ray light curve changed from 0.04 to 1.2. Comparing these values with the closure relations, the segment after 3$\times10^{4}$ sec is consistent with the prediction of the forward shock in an ISM medium without any energy injection. The shallow-decay phase between 2000 to 3$\times10^{4}$ sec could be due to the external shock in a wind-type-like medium with an energy injection under the condition of $ν_o < ν_c < ν_x$. However, the constraint of the spectral region is not well consistent with the multi-band observations. For this shallow-decay phase, other models are also possible, such as energy injection with evolving microphysical parameters, or a jet viewed off-axis,etc.

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arXiv2010

Ongoing Star Formation In AGN Host Galaxy Disks: A View From Core-collapse Supernovae

The normalized radial distribution of young stellar populations (and cold gas) in nearby galactic disks is compared between AGN host galaxies and starforming galaxies (both with Hubble types between S0/a and Scd) by using type II supernovae (SNe) as tracers. A subset of 140 SNe\,II with available supernova position measurements are selected from the SAI-SDSS image catalog by requiring available SDSS spectroscopy data of their host galaxies. Our sample is finally composed of 46 AGNs and 94 starforming galaxies. Both directly measured number distributions and inferred surface density distributions indicate that a) the SNe detected in starforming galaxies follow an exponential law well; b) by contrast, the SNe detected in AGN host galaxies significantly deviate from an exponential law, which is independent of both morphological type and redshift. Specifically, we find a detection deficit around $R_{\mathrm{SN}}/R_{25,\mathrm{cor}}\sim0.5$ and an over-detection at outer region $R_{\mathrm{SN}}/R_{25,\mathrm{cor}}\sim0.6-0.8$. This finding provides a piece of evidence supporting that there is a link between ongoing star formation (and cold gas reservoir) taking place in the extended disk and central AGN activity.

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arXiv2009

GRB 070518: A Gamma-ray Burst with Optically Dim Luminosity

We present our optical observations of {\em Swift} GRB 070518 afterglow obtained at the 0.8-m Tsinghua University-National Astronomical Observatory of China telescope (TNT) at Xinglong Observatory. Our follow-up observations were performed from 512 sec after the burst trigger. With the upper limit of redshift $\sim$0.7, GRB 070518 is found to be an optically dim burst. The spectra indices $β_{ox}$ of optical to X-ray are slightly larger than 0.5, which implies the burst might be a dark burst. The extinction $A_{V}$ of the host galaxy is 3.2 mag inferred from the X-ray hydrogen column density with Galactic extinction law, and 0.3 mag with SMC extinction law. Also, it is similar to three other low-redshift optically dim bursts, which belong to XRR or XRF, and mid-term duration($T_{90}<10$, except for GRB 070419A, $T_{90}$=116s). Moreover, its $R$ band afterglow flux is well fitted by a single power-law with an index of 0.87. The optical afterglow and the X-ray afterglow in the normal segment might have the same mechanism, as they are consistent with the prediction of the classical external shock model. Besides, GRB 070518 agrees with Amati relation under reasonable assumptions. The Ghirlanda relation is also tested with the burst.

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arXiv2007

Diversity of the Supernova - Gamma-Ray Burst Connection

The connection between the long Gamma Ray Bursts (GRBs) and Type Ic Supernovae (SNe) has revealed interesting diversity. We review the following types of the GRB-SN connection. (1) GRB-SNe: The three SNe all explode with energies much larger than those of typical SNe, thus being called Hypernovae (HNe). They are massive enough for forming black holes. (2) Non-GRB HNe/SNe: Some HNe are not associated with GRBs. (3) XRF-SN: SN 2006aj associated with X-Ray Flash 060218 is dimmer than GRB-SNe and has very weak oxygen lines. Its progenitor mass is estimated to be small enough to form a neutron star rather than a black hole. (4) Non-SN GRB: Two nearby long GRBs were not associated SNe. Such ``dark HNe'' have been predicted in this talk (i.e., just before the discoveries) in order to explain the origin of C-rich (hyper) metal-poor stars. This would be an important confirmation of the Hypernova-First Star connection. We will show our attempt to explain the diversity in a unified manner with the jet-induced explosion model.

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arXiv2002

Early-Phase Spectra of "Hypernova" SN 2002ap

The spectral evolution of the peculiar SN Ic 2002ap during the first 40 days is presented. The spectra display very broad absorption features, which are typical of "hypernovae". The maximum expansion velocity measured on the earliest spectra exceeds 3 times 10^4 km s^{-1}. The spectrum of SN 2002ap at the epoch of maximum brightness resembles that of SN 1997ef more than that of SN 1998bw. The spectral evolution of SN 2002ap proceeds at about 1.5 times the rate of SN 1997ef. The parameterized supernova spectrum synthesis code SYNOW was used to perform line identification and deduce velocity information from the early-phase spectra, which are heavily affected by line blending. The photospheric velocity, as deduced from the fitting results and from the blueshift of the \ion{Si}{2} lambda 6355 absorption minimum, is lower than in previously studied hypernovae. At advanced epochs, the \ion{Si}{2} lambda 6355 absorption minimum becomes difficult to distinguish. This may be caused by the growth of [\ion{O}{1}] lambda lambda 6300, 6364 emission. Together with the rapid spectral evolution, this suggests that SN 2002ap should enter the nebular phase sooner than previously studied hypernovae.

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arXiv2000

Spectrum Analysis of the Type Ib Supernova 1999dn: Probable Identifications of C II and H-alpha

Low resolution spectra of SN 1999dn at early times are presented and compared with synthetic spectra generated with the parameterized supernova synthetic-spectrum code SYNOW. We find that the spectra of SN 1999dn strongly resemble those of SN 1997X and SN 1984L, and hence we classify it as a Type Ib event. Line-identifications are established through spectrum synthesis. Strong evidence of both H-alpha and C II 6580 is found. We infer that H-alpha appears first, before the time of maximum brightness, and then is blended with and finally overwhelmed by the C II line after maximum; this favors a thin high-velocity hydrogen skin in this Type Ib supernova.

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