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J. S. Jang

Publications and source records attributed to J. S. Jang.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources

Search for proton decay via $p\to e^+π^0$ and $p\to μ^+π^0$ with an enlarged fiducial volume in Super-Kamiokande I-IV

We have searched for proton decay via $p\to e^+π^0$ and $p\to μ^+π^0$ modes with the enlarged fiducial volume data of Super-Kamiokande from April 1996 to May 2018, which corresponds to 450 kton$\cdot$years exposure. We have accumulated about 25% more livetime and enlarged the fiducial volume of the Super-Kamiokande detector from 22.5 kton to 27.2 kton for this analysis, so that 144 kton$\cdot$years of data, including 78 kton$\cdot$years of additional fiducial volume data, has been newly analyzed. No candidates have been found for $p\to e^+π^0$ and one candidate remains for $p\to μ^+π^0$ in the conventional 22.5 kton fiducial volume and it is consistent with the atmospheric neutrino background prediction. We set lower limits on the partial lifetime for each of these modes: $τ/B(p\to e^+π^0) > 2.4 \times 10^{34}$ years and $τ/B(p\to μ^+π^0) > 1.6 \times 10^{34}$ years at 90% confidence level.

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Proposal: JSNS$^2$-II

This article describes the goal and expected sensitivity of the JSNS$^2$-II experiment at J-PARC Materials and Life Science Experimental Facility (MLF). The JSNS$^2$-II experiment is the second phase of the JSNS$^2$ experiment (J-PARC Sterile Neutrino Search at J-PARC Spallation Neutron Source) with two detectors which are located in 24 m (an existing detector) and 48 m (new one) baselines to improve the sensitivity of the search for sterile neutrinos, especially in the low $Δm^2$ region, which has been indicated by the global fit of the appearance mode. The new second detector has a similar structure as the existing JSNS$^2$ detector, which is already working. To compensate for the reduction of the neutrino flux due to the distance from the mercury target, the target mass of the Gd-loaded liquid scintillator which is the Linear AlkylBenzene (LAB) based liquid scintillator inside the acrylic vessel is 35 tons. To keep the same photo-coverage of the detector as the first detector, we will surround the acrylic vessel with 240 PMTs. With this experimental setup and 5 years (times 1 MW beam power) exposure, the sensitivity of the JSNS$^2$-II is significantly improved compared to the current JSNS$^2$, especially in the low $Δm^2$ oscillation parameter region. The JSNS$^2$-II can also confirm or refute the most of the oscillation parameters' space preferred by the previous experiments with 3 sigma C.L.. Considering these situations and world wide status of the sterile neutrino searches, we are eager to start the data taking with the two detector configuration from 2023. The fund to build the second detector was already secured.

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Neutron-Antineutron Oscillation Search using a 0.37 Megaton$\cdot$Year Exposure of Super-Kamiokande

As a baryon number violating process with $ΔB=2$, neutron-antineutron oscillation ($n\to\bar n$) provides a unique test of baryon number conservation. We have performed a search for $n\to\bar n$ oscillation with bound neutrons in Super-Kamiokande, with the full data set from its first four run periods, representing an exposure of 0.37~Mton-years. The search used a multivariate analysis trained on simulated $n\to\bar n$ events and atmospheric neutrino backgrounds and resulted in 11 candidate events with an expected background of 9.3 events. In the absence of statistically significant excess, we derived a lower limit on $\bar n$ appearance lifetime in $^{16}$O nuclei of $3.6\times{10}^{32}$ years and on the neutron-antineutron oscillation time of $τ_{n\to\bar n} > 4.7\times10^{8}$~s at 90\% C.L..

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Search for Sub-eV Sterile Neutrino at RENO

We report a search result for a light sterile neutrino oscillation with roughly 2200 live days of data in the RENO experiment. The search is performed by electron antineutrino ($\overlineν_e$) disappearance taking place between six 2.8 GW$_{\text{th}}$ reactors and two identical detectors located at 294 m (near) and 1383 m (far) from the center of reactor array. A spectral comparison between near and far detectors can explore reactor $\overlineν_e$ oscillations to a light sterile neutrino. An observed spectral difference is found to be consistent with that of the three-flavor oscillation model. This yields limits on $\sin^{2} 2θ_{14}$ in the $10^{-4} \lesssim |Δm_{41}^2| \lesssim 0.5$ eV$^2$ region, free from reactor $\overlineν_e$ flux and spectrum uncertainties. The RENO result provides the most stringent limits on sterile neutrino mixing at $|Δm^2_{41}| \lesssim 0.002$ eV$^2$ using the $\overlineν_e$ disappearance channel.

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The JSNS$^{2}$ data acquisition system

The JSNS$^{2}$ (J-PARC Sterile Neutrino Search at J-PARC Spallation Neutron Source) experiment aims to search for neutrino oscillations over a 24 m short baseline at J-PARC. The JSNS$^{2}$ inner detector is filled with 17 tons of gadolinium(Gd)-loaded liquid scintillator (LS) with an additional 31 tons of unloaded LS in the intermediate $γ$-catcher and an optically separated outer veto volumes. A total of 120 10-inch photomultiplier tubes observe the scintillating optical photons and each analog waveform is stored with the flash analog-to-digital converters. We present details of the data acquisition, processing, and data quality monitoring system. We also present two different trigger logics which are developed for the beam and self-trigger.

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Performance of PMTs for the JSNS2 experiment

The JSNS$^{2}$ (J-PARC Sterile Neutrino Search at J-PARC Spallation Neutron Source) experiment aims to search for neutrino oscillations over a 24\,m short baseline at J-PARC. The JSNS$^{2}$ inner detector is filled with 17 tons of gadolinium-loaded liquid scintillator (LS) and both the intermediate $γ$-catcher and the optically separated outer veto are filled with un-loaded LS. Optical photons from scintillation are observed by 120 Photomultiplier Tubes (PMTs). A total of 130 PMTs for the JSNS2 experiment were both donated by other experiments and purchased from Hamamatsu. Donated PMTs were purchased around 10 years ago, therefore JSNS$^{2}$ did pre-calibration of the PMTs including the purchased PMTs. 123 PMTs demonstrated acceptable performance for the JSNS$^{2}$ experiment, and 120 PMTs were installed in the detector.

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Production and optical properties of liquid scintillator for the JSNS$^{2}$ experiment

The JSNS$^{2}$ (J-PARC Sterile Neutrino Search at J-PARC Spallation Neutron Source) experiment will search for neutrino oscillations over a 24 m short baseline at J-PARC. The JSNS$^{2}$ inner detector will be filled with 17 tons of gadolinium-loaded liquid scintillator (LS) with an additional 31 tons of unloaded LS in the intermediate $γ$-catcher and outer veto volumes. JSNS$^{2}$ has chosen Linear Alkyl Benzene (LAB) as an organic solvent because of its chemical properties. The unloaded LS was produced at a refurbished facility, originally used for scintillator production by the RENO experiment. JSNS$^{2}$ plans to use ISO tanks for the storage and transportation of the LS. In this paper, we describe the LS production, and present measurements of its optical properties and long term stability. Our measurements show that storing the LS in ISO tanks does not result in degradation of its optical properties.

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Search for proton decay into three charged leptons in 0.37 megaton-years exposure of the Super-Kamiokande

A search for proton decay into three charged leptons has been performed by using 0.37$\,$Mton$\cdot$years of data collected in Super-Kamiokande. All possible combinations of electrons, muons and their anti-particles consistent with charge conservation were considered as decay modes. No significant excess of events has been found over the background, and lower limits on the proton lifetime divided by the branching ratio have been obtained. The limits range between $9.2\times10^{33}$ to $3.4\times10^{34}$ years at 90$\,$% confidence level, improving by more than an order of magnitude upon limits from previous experiments. A first limit has been set for the $p\rightarrowμ^-e^+e^+$ mode.

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Search for Astronomical Neutrinos from Blazar TXS0506+056 in Super-Kamiokande

We report a search for astronomical neutrinos in the energy region from several GeV to TeV in the direction of the blazar TXS0506+056 using the Super-Kamiokande detector following the detection of a 100 TeV neutrino from the same location by the IceCube collaboration. Using Super-Kamiokande neutrino data across several data samples observed from April 1996 to February 2018 we have searched for both a total excess above known backgrounds across the entire period as well as localized excesses on smaller time scales in that interval. No significant excess nor significant variation in the observed event rate are found in the blazar direction. Upper limits are placed on the electron and muon neutrino fluxes at 90\% confidence level as $6.03 \times 10^{-7}$ and $4.52 \times 10^{-7}$ to $9.26 \times 10^{-10}$ [${\rm erg}/{\rm cm}^2/{\rm s}$], respectively.

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Observation of Reactor Antineutrino Disappearance Using Delayed Neutron Capture on Hydrogen at RENO

The Reactor Experiment for Neutrino Oscillation (RENO) experiment has been taking data using two identical liquid scintillator detectors of 44.5 tons since August 2011. The experiment has observed the disappearance of reactor neutrinos in their interactions with free protons, followed by neutron capture on hydrogen. Based on 1500 live days of data taken with 16.8 GW$_{th}$ reactors at the Hanbit Nuclear Power Plant in Korea, the near (far) detector observes 567690 (90747) electron antineutrino candidate events with a delayed neutron capture on hydrogen. This provides an independent measurement of $θ_{13}$ and a consistency check on the validity of the result from n-Gd data. Furthermore, it provides an important cross-check on the systematic uncertainties of the n-Gd measurement. Based on a rate-only analysis, we obtain sin$^{2}$2$θ_{13}$= 0.087 $\pm$ 0.008 (stat.) $\pm$ 0.014 (syst.).

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Sensitivity of Super-Kamiokande with Gadolinium to Low Energy Anti-neutrinos from Pre-supernova Emission

Supernova detection is a major objective of the Super-Kamiokande (SK) experiment. In the next stage of SK (SK-Gd), gadolinium (Gd) sulfate will be added to the detector, which will improve the ability of the detector to identify neutrons. A core-collapse supernova will be preceded by an increasing flux of neutrinos and anti-neutrinos, from thermal and weak nuclear processes in the star, over a timescale of hours; some of which may be detected at SK-Gd. This could provide an early warning of an imminent core-collapse supernova, hours earlier than the detection of the neutrinos from core collapse. Electron anti-neutrino detection will rely on inverse beta decay events below the usual analysis energy threshold of SK, so Gd loading is vital to reduce backgrounds while maximising detection efficiency. Assuming normal neutrino mass ordering, more than 200 events could be detected in the final 12 hours before core collapse for a 15-25 solar mass star at around 200 pc, which is representative of the nearest red supergiant to Earth, $\mathrmα$Ori (Betelgeuse). At a statistical false alarm rate of 1 per century, detection could be up to 10 hours before core collapse, and a pre-supernova star could be detected by SK-Gd up to 600 pc away. A pre-supernova alert could be provided to the astrophysics community following gadolinium loading.

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Measurement of neutrino-oxygen neutral-current quasi-elastic cross section using atmospheric neutrinos at Super-Kamiokande

Neutral current (NC) interactions of atmospheric neutrinos on oxygen form one of the major backgrounds in the search for supernova relic neutrinos with water-based Cherenkov detectors. The NC channel is dominated by neutrino quasi-elastic (NCQE) scattering off nucleons inside $^{16}$O nuclei. In this paper we report the first measurement of NCQE cross section using atmospheric neutrinos at Super-Kamiokande (SK). The measurement used 2,778 live days of SK-IV data with a fiducial volume of 22.5 kiloton water. Within the visible energy window of 7.5-29.5 MeV, we observed $117$ events compared to the expected $71.9$ NCQE signal and $53.1$ background events. Weighted by the atmospheric neutrino spectrum from 160 MeV to 10 GeV, the flux averaged NCQE cross section is measured to be $(1.01\pm0.17(\text{stat.})^{+0.78}_{-0.30}(\text{sys.}))\times10^{-38}$ cm$^2$.

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Atmospheric Neutrino Oscillation Analysis With Improved Event Reconstruction in Super-Kamiokande IV

A new event reconstruction algorithm based on a maximum likelihood method has been developed for Super-Kamiokande. Its improved kinematic and particle identification capabilities enable the analysis of atmospheric neutrino data in a detector volume 32% larger than previous analyses and increases sensitivity to the neutrino mass hierarchy. Analysis of a 253.9 kton-year exposure of the Super-Kamiokande IV atmospheric neutrino data has yielded a weak preference for the normal hierarchy, disfavoring the inverted hierarchy at 74% assuming oscillations at the best fit of the analysis.

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Dinucleon and Nucleon Decay to Two-Body Final States with no Hadrons in Super-Kamiokande

Using 0.37 megaton$\cdot$years of exposure from the Super-Kamiokande detector, we search for 10 dinucleon and nucleon decay modes that have a two-body final state with no hadrons. These baryon and lepton number violating modes have the potential to probe theories of unification and baryogenesis. For five of these modes the searches are novel, and for the other five modes we improve the limits by more than one order of magnitude. No significant evidence for dinucleon or nucleon decay is observed and we set lower limits on the partial lifetime of oxygen nuclei and on the nucleon partial lifetime that are above $4\times 10^{33}$ years for oxygen via the dinucleon decay modes and up to about $4 \times 10^{34}$ years for nucleons via the single nucleon decay modes.

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Hyper-Kamiokande Design Report

On the strength of a double Nobel prize winning experiment (Super)Kamiokande and an extremely successful long baseline neutrino programme, the third generation Water Cherenkov detector, Hyper-Kamiokande, is being developed by an international collaboration as a leading worldwide experiment based in Japan. The Hyper-Kamiokande detector will be hosted in the Tochibora mine, about 295 km away from the J-PARC proton accelerator research complex in Tokai, Japan. The currently existing accelerator will be steadily upgraded to reach a MW beam by the start of the experiment. A suite of near detectors will be vital to constrain the beam for neutrino oscillation measurements. A new cavern will be excavated at the Tochibora mine to host the detector. The experiment will be the largest underground water Cherenkov detector in the world and will be instrumented with new technology photosensors, faster and with higher quantum efficiency than the ones in Super-Kamiokande. The science that will be developed will be able to shape the future theoretical framework and generations of experiments. Hyper-Kamiokande will be able to measure with the highest precision the leptonic CP violation that could explain the baryon asymmetry in the Universe. The experiment also has a demonstrated excellent capability to search for proton decay, providing a significant improvement in discovery sensitivity over current searches for the proton lifetime. The atmospheric neutrinos will allow to determine the neutrino mass ordering and, together with the beam, able to precisely test the three-flavour neutrino oscillation paradigm and search for new phenomena. A strong astrophysical programme will be carried out at the experiment that will detect supernova neutrinos and will measure precisely solar neutrino oscillation.

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Measurement of Reactor Antineutrino Oscillation Amplitude and Frequency at RENO

The RENO experiment reports more precisely measured values of $θ_{13}$ and $|Δm_{ee}^2|$ using $\sim$2\,200 live days of data. The amplitude and frequency of reactor electron antineutrino ($\overlineν_e$) oscillation are measured by comparing the prompt signal spectra obtained from two identical near and far detectors. In the period between August 2011 and February 2018, the far (near) detector observed 103\,212 (850\,666) electron antineutrino candidate events with a background fraction of 4.7\% (2.0\%). A clear energy and baseline dependent disappearance of reactor $\overlineν_e$ is observed in the deficit of the measured number of $\overlineν_e$. Based on the measured far-to-near ratio of prompt spectra, we obtain $\sin^2 2 θ_{13} = 0.0896 \pm 0.0048({\rm stat}) \pm 0.0048({\rm syst})$ and $|Δm_{ee}^2| =[2.68 \pm 0.12({\rm stat}) \pm 0.07({\rm syst})]\times 10^{-3}$~eV$^2$.

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Atmospheric neutrino oscillation analysis with external constraints in Super-Kamiokande I-IV

An analysis of atmospheric neutrino data from all four run periods of \superk optimized for sensitivity to the neutrino mass hierarchy is presented. Confidence intervals for $Δm^2_{32}$, $\sin^2 θ_{23}$, $\sin^2 θ_{13}$ and $δ_{CP}$ are presented for normal neutrino mass hierarchy and inverted neutrino mass hierarchy hypotheses based on atmospheric neutrino data alone. Additional constraints from reactor data on $θ_{13}$ and from published binned T2K data on muon neutrino disappearance and electron neutrino appearance are added to the atmospheric neutrino fit to give enhanced constraints on the above parameters. Over the range of parameters allowed at 90% confidence level, the normal mass hierarchy is favored by between 91.5% and 94.5% based on the combined result.

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Search for Boosted Dark Matter Interacting With Electrons in Super-Kamiokande

A search for boosted dark matter using 161.9 kiloton-years of Super-Kamiokande IV data is presented. We search for an excess of elastically scattered electrons above the atmospheric neutrino background, with a visible energy between 100 MeV and 1 TeV, pointing back to the Galactic Center or the Sun. No such excess is observed. Limits on boosted dark matter event rates in multiple angular cones around the Galactic Center and Sun are calculated. Limits are also calculated for a baseline model of boosted dark matter produced from cold dark matter annihilation or decay.

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