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J. S. Wen

Publications and source records attributed to J. S. Wen.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources

Photoemission Spectroscopic Evidence for the Dirac Nodal Line in Monoclinic Semimetal SrAs$_3$

Topological nodal-line semimetals with exotic quantum properties are characterized by symmetry-protected line-contact bulk band crossings in the momentum space. However, in most of identified topological nodal-line compounds, these topological non-trivial nodal lines are enclosed by complicated topological trivial states at the Fermi energy ($E_F$), which would perplex their identification and hinder further applications. Utilizing angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy and first-principles calculations, we provide compelling evidence for the existence of Dirac nodal-line fermions in the monoclinic semimetal SrAs$_3$, which are close to $E_F$ and away from distraction of complex trivial Fermi surfaces or surface states. Our calculation indicates that two bands with opposite parity are inverted around \emph{Y} near $E_F$, which results in the single nodal loop at the $Γ$-\emph{Y}-\emph{S} plane with a negligible spin-orbit coupling effect. We track these band crossings and then unambiguously identify the complete nodal loop quantitatively, which provides a critical experimental support to the prediction of nodal-line fermions in the CaP$_3$ family of materials. Hosting simple topological non-trivial bulk electronic states around $E_F$ and no interfering with surface states on the natural cleavage plane, SrAs$_3$ is expected to be a potential platform for topological quantum state investigation and applications.

cond-mat.mes-hall

Ultralow-temperature thermal conductivity of the Kitaev honeycomb magnet $α$-RuCl$_3$ across the field-induced phase transition

Recently, there have been increasingly hot debates on whether there exists a quantum spin liquid in the Kitaev honeycomb magnet $α$-RuCl$_3$ in high magnetic field. To investigate this issue, we perform the ultralow-temperature thermal conductivity measurements on the single crystals of $α$-RuCl$_3$ down to 80 mK and up to 9 T. Our experiments clearly show a field-induced phase transition occurring at $H_c$ $\approx$ 7.5 T, above which the zigzag magnetic order is completely suppressed. The minimum of thermal conductivity at 7.5 T is attributed to the strong scattering of phonons by the magnetic fluctuations. Most importantly, above 7.5 T, we do not observe any significant contribution of thermal conductivity from gapless magnetic excitations, which puts a strong constraint on the nature of the high-field phase of $α$-RuCl$_3$.

cond-mat.str-el

Coordination of the energy and temperature scales of pairing across the doping phase diagram of Bi$_2$Sr$_2$CaCu$_2$O$_{8+δ}$

Using a new variant of photoelectron spectroscopy, we measure the homogeneous near-nodal pairing ($Δ$) and pair-breaking self-energy ($Γ_S$) processes for a wide range of doping levels of Bi$_2$Sr$_2$CaCu$_2$O$_{8+δ}$. For all samples we find that the pairing extends above the superconducting transition T$_c$ to a scale T$_{Pair}$ that is distinct from the antinodal pseudogap scale T$^*$ and near but slightly above T$_c$. We find that $Δ$ and T$_{Pair}$ are related with a strong coupling ratio 2$Δ$ /k$_B$T$_{Pair}\approx6$ across the entire doping phase diagram, i.e. independent of the effects of antinodal pseudogaps or charge-density waves.

cond-mat.supr-con

Power Law Liquid - A Unified Form of Low-Energy Nodal Electronic Interactions in Hole Doped Cuprate Superconductors

The strange-metal phase of the cuprate high temperature superconductors, above where the superconductivity sets in as a function of temperature, is widely considered more exotic and mysterious than the superconductivity itself. Here, based upon detailed angle resolved photoemission spectroscopy measurements of Bi$_2$Sr$_2$CaCu$_2$O$_8$$_+$$_δ$ over a wide range of doping levels, we present a new unifying phenomenology for the non-Fermi liquid normal-state interactions (scattering rates) in the nodal direction. This new phenomenology has a continuously varying power law exponent (hence named a Power Law Liquid or PLL), which with doping varies smoothly from a quadratic Fermi Liquid to a linear Marginal Fermi Liquid and beyond. Using the extracted PLL parameters we can calculate the optics and resistivity over a wide range of doping and normal-state temperature values, with the results closely matching the experimental curves. This agreement includes the presence of the $"$pseudogap$"$ temperature scale observed in the resistivity curves including the apparent quantum critical point. This breaks the direct link to the pseudogapping of antinodal spectral weight observed at similar (but here argued to be different) temperature scales, and also gives a new direction for searches of the microscopic mechanism at the heart of these and perhaps many other non-Fermi-liquid systems.

cond-mat.str-el

Pairing, pair-breaking, and their roles in setting the Tc of cuprate high temperature superconductors

The key ingredients in any superconductor are the Cooper pairs, in which two electrons combine to form a composite boson. In all conventional superconductors the pairing strength alone sets the majority of the physical properties including the superconducting transition temperature T$_c$. In the cuprate high temperature superconductors, no such link has yet been found between the pairing interactions and T$_c$. Using a new variant of photoelectron spectroscopy we measure both the pair-forming ($Δ$) and a self energy/pair-breaking term ($Γ_s$) as a function of sample type and sample temperature, and we make the measurements over a wide range of doping and temperatures within and outside of the pseudogap/competing order doping regimes. In all cases we find that T$_c$ is approximately set by a crossover between the pair-forming strength $Δ$ and 3 times the self-energy term $Γ_s$ - a new paradigm for superconductivity. In addition to departing from conventional superconductivity in which the pairing alone sets T$_c$, these results indicate the zero-order importance of the near-nodal self-energy effects compared to competing order/pseudogap effects.

cond-mat.supr-con

FeTe$_{0.55}$Se$_{0.45}$: a multiband superconductor in the clean and dirty limit

The detailed optical properties of the multiband iron-chalcogenide superconductor FeTe$_{0.55}$Se$_{0.45}$ have been reexamined for a large number of temperatures above and below the critical temperature $T_c=14$ K for light polarized in the a-b planes. Instead of the simple Drude model that assumes a single band, above $T_c$ the normal-state optical properties are best described by the two-Drude model that considers two separate electronic subsystems; we observe a weak response ($ω_{p,D;1}\simeq 3000$ cm$^{-1}$) where the scattering rate has a strong temperature dependence ($1/τ_{D,1}\simeq 32$ cm$^{-1}$ for $T \gtrsim T_c$), and a strong response ($ω_{p,D;2}\simeq 14\,500$ cm$^{-1}$) with a large scattering rate ($1/τ_{D,2}\simeq 1720$ cm$^{-1}$) that is essentially temperature independent. The multiband nature of this material precludes the use of the popular generalized-Drude approach commonly applied to single-band materials, implying that any structure observed in the frequency dependent scattering rate $1/τ(ω)$ is spurious and it cannot be used as the foundation for optical inversion techniques to determine an electron-boson spectral function $α^2 F(ω)$. Below $T_c$ the optical conductivity is best described using two superconducting optical gaps of $2Δ_1\simeq 45$ and $2Δ_2 \simeq 90$ cm$^{-1}$ applied to the strong and weak responses, respectively. The scattering rates for these two bands are vastly different at low temperature, placing this material simultaneously in both clean and dirty limit. Interestingly, this material falls on the universal scaling line initially observed for the cuprate superconductors.

cond-mat.supr-con

Strong interaction between electrons and collective excitations in multiband superconductor MgB2

We use a tunable laser ARPES to study the electronic properties of the prototypical multiband BCS superconductor MgB2. Our data reveal a strong renormalization of the dispersion (kink) at ~65 meV, which is caused by coupling of electrons to the E2g phonon mode. In contrast to cuprates, the 65 meV kink in MgB2 does not change significantly across Tc. More interestingly, we observe strong coupling to a second, lower energy collective mode at binding energy of 10 meV. This excitation vanishes above Tc and is likely a signature of the elusive Leggett mode.

cond-mat.supr-con

Melting of Charge Stripes in Vibrationally Driven La1.875Ba0.125CuO4: Assessing the Respective Roles of Electronic and Lattice Order in Frustrated Superconductors

We report femtosecond resonant soft X-ray diffraction measurements of the dynamics of the charge order and of the crystal lattice in non-superconducting, stripe-ordered La1.875Ba0.125CuO4. Excitation of the in-plane Cu-O stretching phonon with a mid-infrared pulse has been previously shown to induce a transient superconducting state in the closely related compound La1.675Eu0.2Sr0.125CuO4. In La1.875Ba0.125CuO4, we find that the charge stripe order melts promptly on a sub-picosecond time scale. Surprisingly, the low temperature tetragonal distortion is only weakly reduced, reacting on significantly longer time scales that do not correlate with light-induced superconductivity. This experiment suggests that charge modulations alone, and not the LTT distortion, prevent superconductivity in equilibrium.

cond-mat.supr-con

Pre-pairing and the "Filling" Gap in the Cuprates From the Tomographic Density of States

We use the tomographic density of states (TDoS), which is a measure of the density of states for a single slice through the band structure of a solid, to study the temperature evolution of the superconducting gap in the cuprates. The TDoS provides unprecedented accuracy in determining both the superconducting pair-forming strength, $Δ$, and the pair-breaking rate, $Γ$. In both optimally- and under-doped Bi$_2$Sr$_2$CaCu$_2$O$_{8+δ}$, we find the near-nodal $Δ$ smoothly evolves through the superconducting transition temperature - clear evidence for the existence of pre-formed pairs. Additionally, we find the long observed `filling' of the superconducting gap in the cuprates is due to the strongly temperature dependent $Γ$.

cond-mat.supr-con

The Origin and Non-quasiparticle Nature of Fermi Arcs in Bi$_2$Sr$_2$CaCu$_2$O$_{8+δ}$

A Fermi arc is a disconnected segment of a Fermi surface observed in the pseudogap phase of cuprate superconductors. This simple description belies the fundamental inconsistency in the physics of Fermi arcs, specifically that such segments violate the topological integrity of the band. Efforts to resolve this contradiction of experiment and theory have focused on connecting the ends of the Fermi arc back on itself to form a pocket, with limited and controversial success. Here we show the Fermi arc, while composed of real spectral weight, lacks the quasiparticles to be a true Fermi surface. To reach this conclusion we developed a new photoemission-based technique that directly probes the interplay of pair-forming and pair-breaking processes with unprecedented precision. We find the spectral weight composing the Fermi arc is shifted from the gap edge to the Fermi energy by pair-breaking processes. While real, this weight does not form a true Fermi surface, because the quasiparticles, though significantly broadened, remain at the gap edge. This non-quasiparticle weight may account for much of the unexplained behavior of the pseudogap phase of the cuprates.

cond-mat.supr-con

Evolution from incoherent to coherent electronic states and its implications to superconductivity in FeTe1-xSex

We have performed systematic angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES) of iron-chalcogenide superconductor FeTe1-xSex to elucidate the electronic states relevant to the superconductivity. While the Fermi-surface shape is nearly independent of x, we found that the ARPES spectral line shape shows prominent x dependence. A broad ARPES spectrum characterized by a small quasiparticle weight at x = 0, indicative of incoherent electronic states, becomes progressively sharper with increasing x, and a well-defined quasiparticle peak appears around x = 0.45 where bulk superconductivity is realized. The present result suggests the evolution from incoherent to coherent electronic states and its close relationship to the emergence of superconductivity.

cond-mat.supr-con

Exploring the Dark Side of Cuprate Superconductors: s-wave Symmetry of the Pseudogap

We reveal the full energy-momentum structure of the pseudogap of underdoped high-Tc cuprate superconductors. Our combined theoretical and experimental analysis explains the spectral-weight suppression observed in the B2g Raman response at finite energies in terms of a pseudogap appearing in the single-electron excitation spectra above the Fermi level in the nodal direction of momentum space. This result suggests an s-wave pseudogap (which never closes in the energy-momentum space), distinct from the d-wave superconducting gap. Recent tunneling and photoemission experiments on underdoped cuprates also find a natural explanation within the s-wave-pseudogap scenario.

cond-mat.str-el

High-energy magnetic excitations in Bi$_2$Sr$_2$CaCu$_2$O$_{8+δ}$: Towards a unified description of the electronic and magnetic degrees of freedom in the cuprates

We investigate the high-energy magnetic excitation spectrum of the high-$T_c$ cuprate superconductor Bi$_2$Sr$_2$CaCu$_2$O$_{8+δ}$ (Bi-2212) using Cu $L_3$ edge resonant inelastic x-ray scattering (RIXS). Broad, dispersive magnetic excitations are observed, with a zone boundary energy of $\sim$300 meV and a weak dependence on doping. These excitations are strikingly similar to the bosons proposed to explain the high-energy `kink' observed in photoemission. A calculation of the spin-response based on the ARPES-derived electronic structure and YRZ-quasi-particles reproduces the key features of the observed magnetic dispersions with no adjustable parameters. These results show that it is possible to reconcile the magnetic and electronic properties of the cuprates within a unified framework.

cond-mat.str-el

Enhanced charge stripe order of superconducting La(2-x)Ba(x)CuO(4) in a magnetic field

The effect of a magnetic field on the charge stripe order in La(2-x)Ba(x)CuO(4) has been studied by means of high energy (100 keV) x-ray diffraction for charge carrier concentrations ranging from strongly underdoped to optimally doped. We find that charge stripe order can be significantly enhanced by a magnetic field applied along the c-axis, but only at temperatures and dopings where it coexists with bulk superconductivity at zero field. The field also increases stripe correlations between the planes, which can result in an enhanced frustration of the interlayer Josephson coupling. Close to the famous x=1/8 compound, where zero field stripe order is pronounced and bulk superconductivity is suppressed, charge stripe order is independent of a magnetic field. The results imply that static stripe order and three-dimensionally coherent superconductivity are competing ground states.

cond-mat.supr-con

Effective medium approximation and the complex optical properties of the inhomogeneous superconductor K_{0.8}Fe_{2-y}Se_2

The in-plane optical properties of the inhomogeneous iron-chalcogenide superconductor K_{0.8}Fe_{2-y}Se_2 with a critical temperature Tc = 31 K have been modeled in the normal state using the Bruggeman effective medium approximation for metallic inclusions in an insulating matrix. The volume fraction for the inclusions is estimated to be ~ 10%; however, they appear to be highly distorted, suggesting a filamentary network of conducting regions joined through weak links. The value for the Drude plasma frequency in the inclusions is much larger than the volume average, which when considered with the reasonably low values for the scattering rate, suggests that the transport in the grains is always metallic. Estimates for the dc conductivity and the superfluid density in the grains places the inclusions on the universal scaling line close to the other homogeneous iron-based superconductors.

cond-mat.supr-con

Coexistence of Two Sharp-Mode Couplings and Their Unusual Momentum Dependence in the Superconducting State of Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+d Superconductor Revealed by Laser-Based Angle-Resolved Photoemission

Super-high resolution laser-based angle-resolved photoemission measurements have been carried out on Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+d (Bi2212) superconductors to investigate momentum dependence of electron coupling with collective excitations (modes). Two coexisting energy scales are clearly revealed over a large momentum space for the first time in the superconducting state of an overdoped Bi2212 superconductor. These two energy scales exhibit distinct momentum dependence: one keeps its energy near 78 meV over a large momentum space while the other changes its energy from $\sim$40 meV near the antinodal region to $\sim$70 meV near the nodal region. These observations provide a new picture on momentum evolution of electron-boson coupling in Bi2212 that electrons are coupled with two sharp modes simultaneously over a large momentum space in the superconducting states. Their unusual momentum dependence poses a challenge to our current understanding of electron-mode-coupling and its role for high temperature superconductivity in cuprate superconductors.

cond-mat.supr-con

Collapse of the Fermi surface and fingerprints of order in the pseudogap state of cuprate superconductors

The Fermi surface in the state of cuprates is highly unusual because it appears to consist of disconnected segments called arcs. Their very existence challenges the traditional concept of a Fermi surface as closed contours of gapless excitations in momentum space. The length of the arcs in the pseudogap state was thought to linearly increase with temperature, pointing to the existence of a nodal liquid state below T*. These results were interpreted as an interplay of a d-wave pairing gap and strong scattering. Understanding the properties of the arcs is a pre-requisite to understanding the origin of the pseudogap and the physics of the cuprates. Here we use a novel approach to detect the energy gaps based on the temperature dependence of the density of states. With a significantly improved sensitivity, we demonstrate that the arcs form rapidly at T* and their length remains surprisingly constant over an extended temperature range between T* and Tarc, consistent with the presence of an ordered state below T*. These arcs span fixed points in the momentum space defining a set of wave vectors, which are the fingerprints of the ordered state that causes the pseudogap.

cond-mat.supr-con

Detection of Orbital Fluctuations Above the Structural Transition Temperature in the Iron-Pnictides and Chalcogenides

We use point contact spectroscopy to probe $\rm{AEFe_2As_2}$ ($\rm{AE=Ca, Sr, Ba}$) and $\rm{Fe_{1+y}Te}$. For $\rm{AE=Sr, Ba}$ we detect orbital fluctuations above $T_S$ while for AE=Ca these fluctuations start below $T_S$. Co doping preserves the orbital fluctuations while K doping suppresses it. The fluctuations are only seen at those dopings and temperatures where an in-plane resistive anisotropy is known to exist. We predict an in-plane resistive anisotropy of $\rm{Fe_{1+y}Te}$ above $T_S$. Our data are examined in light of the recent work by W.-C. Lee and P. Phillips (arXiv:1110.5917v2). We also study how joule heating in the PCS junctions impacts the spectra. Spectroscopic information is only obtained from those PCS junctions that are free of heating effects while those PCS junctions that are in the thermal regime display bulk resistivity phenomenon.

cond-mat.supr-con